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1.
Cambios rev. méd ; 20(2): 103-115, 30 Diciembre 2021. ilus.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1368456

ABSTRACT

1. INTRODUCCIÓN. La obesidad mórbida es una enfermedad crónica multifactorial asociada a complicaciones físicas y psicológicas que empeoran la calidad de vida de los pacientes y disminuyen su esperanza de vida; es un problema sanitario de primera magnitud debido al incremento de esta patología en Ecuador y a las dificultades que entraña su prevención y tratamiento. La cirugía de la obesidad es compleja, no exenta de complicaciones, cuyo objetivo es reducir de manera significativa las comorbilidades asociadas y mejorar el bienestar de los pacientes, cuya técnica quirúrgica sea fácil de reproducir, con porcentajes de revisión bajos y que constituya un tratamiento eficaz y seguro para la obesidad clínicamente grave, con evidencia que demuestra reducción de la mortalidad por todas las causas, mejoría en la expectativa y calidad de vida de los pacientes1.


1. INTRODUCTION. Morbid obesity is a multifactorial chronic disease associated with physical and psychological complications that worsen the quality of life of patients and decrease their life expectancy; it is a health problem of the first magnitude due to the increase of this pathology in Ecuador and the difficulties involved in its prevention and treatment. Obesity surgery is complex, not exempt of complications, whose objective is to significantly reduce associated comorbidities and improve the well-being of patients, whose surgical technique is easy to reproduce, with low revision percentages and that constitutes an effective and safe treatment for clinically severe obesity, with evidence that shows a reduction in all-cause mortality, improvement in life expectancy and quality of life of patients1.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Bariatric Surgery , Obesity/surgery , Obesity/metabolism , Postoperative Complications/therapy , Obesity, Morbid/surgery , Obesity, Morbid/diagnosis , Obesity, Morbid/metabolism , Obesity, Morbid/epidemiology , Body Mass Index , Comorbidity , Obesity/diagnosis , Obesity/epidemiology
2.
Rev. Col. Bras. Cir ; 47: e20202394, 2020. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1136585

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Objetivo: avaliar as diferenças no perfil metabonômico de pacientes que atingiram remissão de diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) após cirurgia bariátrica em relação aos que apresentaram manutenção ou recidiva dessa condição após a cirurgia. Métodos: Participaram do estudo 33 pacientes obesos diabéticos tipo 2, dos quais 22 tiveram remissão completa da DM2 e 11 tiveram recidiva da DM2 ou não apresentaram remissão da doença no pós-operatório. Amostras de sangue foram coletadas para avaliação dos perfis metabonômicos séricos através de um estudo metabonômico baseado em RMN de 1H. Resultados: o modelo metabonômico para avaliação da recidiva da diabetes apresentou uma acurácia de 93,9%, sensibilidade de 81,8%, especificidade de 100%, valor preditivo positivo (VPP) igual a 100% e valor preditivo negativo (VPN) igual a 91,7%. Conclusão: a cirurgia bariátrica promove efeitos específicos na distribuição dos metabólitos de pacientes que atingiram remissão de DM2, e essa nova distribuição pode ser avaliada através de um modelo metabonômico.


ABSTRACT Purpose: To evaluate the differences in the metabonomic profile of patients who achieved remisison of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) after bariatric surgery in relation to those who presented maintenance or recurrence of this condition after surgery. Methods: Thirthy-three patients with obesity and T2D were submitted to bariatric/metabolic surgery, among which, 22 experienced complete remission of T2D, and 11 did not experience remission in the postoperative period. Blood samples were taken in order to assess the serum profiles through a 1H NMR-based metabonomic study. Results: The metabonomic model for the assessment of T2D recurrence presented an accuracy of 93.9%, sensibility of 81.8%, specificity of 100%, positive predictive value of 100% and a negative predictive value of 91.7%. Conclusion: bariatric surgery provide specific effects on the distribution of metabolites in those patients who achieved remission of T2DM, and this new distribution can be assessed through a metabonomic model.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Obesity, Morbid/surgery , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/diagnosis , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism , Bariatric Surgery , Time Factors , Blood Glucose/metabolism , Obesity, Morbid/metabolism , Remission Induction , Biomarkers/metabolism , Weight Loss , Cross-Sectional Studies , Predictive Value of Tests , Sensitivity and Specificity , Treatment Outcome , Middle Aged
4.
Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992) ; 63(4): 324-331, Apr. 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-842558

ABSTRACT

Summary Introduction: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of peripheral polyneuropathy (PPN) in subjects with grade II and III obesity (Ob-II,III) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) but without diabetes and to investigate possible associated factors. Method: A cross-sectional study was performed in non-diabetic Ob-II,III,MetS patients using the Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument (MNSI) to assess the presence of PPN. Results: A total of 24 of 218 non-diabetic Ob-II,III,MetS patients had PPN. Based on univariate analysis, serum levels of LDL-cholesterol (p=0.046) were significantly associated with PPN, while serum triglycerides (p=0.118) and low HDL-cholesterol (p=0.057) showed a tendency toward this association. On a Poisson regression analysis, when the three possible associations were included, low HDL-cholesterol (p=0.047) remained independently associated. Conclusion: In non-diabetic Ob-II,III,MetS patients, PPN defined by the MNSI showed a high prevalence and was associated with low levels of HDL-cholesterol. In order to diagnose that complication, neurological evaluation should be performed in these patients.


Resumo Objetivo: Avaliar a prevalência da polineuropatia periférica (PNP) em indivíduos obesos graus II e III com síndrome metabólica (Ob-II,III,SM) sem diabetes e buscar possíveis fatores associados. Método: Em um estudo transversal, realizado em indivíduos Ob-II,III,SM e sem diagnóstico de diabetes, o Instrumento de Screening de Michigan (MNSI) foi utilizado para avaliar a presença de PNP. Resultados: Um total de 24 de 218 pacientes Ob-II,III,SM e sem diabetes tinham PNP. Quando observamos as associações com PNP em uma análise univariada, níveis séricos de LDL-colesterol (p=0.046) estiveram significativamente associados e houve também uma tendência à associação com níveis séricos de triglicerídeos (p=0.118) e baixo HDL-colesterol (p=0.057). Em uma análise de regressão de Poisson, quando as três possíveis associações foram incluídas, baixo HDL-colesterol (p=0.047) manteve-se independentemente associado. Conclusão: Em pacientes Ob-II,III,SM, mas sem diabetes, a PNP definida pelo MNSI tem uma prevalência elevada e está associada a baixos níveis de HDL-colesterol. Para diagnóstico dessa complicação, recomenda-se realizar o exame neurológico desses pacientes.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Polyneuropathies/etiology , Polyneuropathies/epidemiology , Obesity, Morbid/complications , Metabolic Syndrome/complications , Hypoalphalipoproteinemias/complications , Polyneuropathies/physiopathology , Polyneuropathies/metabolism , Triglycerides/blood , Blood Glucose/analysis , Obesity, Morbid/physiopathology , Obesity, Morbid/metabolism , Brazil/epidemiology , Poisson Distribution , Anthropometry , Prevalence , Cross-Sectional Studies , Prospective Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires , Risk Factors , Statistics, Nonparametric , Metabolic Syndrome/physiopathology , Hypoalphalipoproteinemias/physiopathology , Hypoalphalipoproteinemias/metabolism
5.
Rev. chil. cir ; 68(6): 411-416, dic. 2016. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-830093

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Caracterizar el efecto de un programa de ejercicio físico en la pérdida de masa magra en pacientes obesos mórbidos durante el primer año después de la cirugía bariátrica. Pacientes y métodos: Estudio de cohorte no concurrente de pacientes obesos mórbidos sometidos a bypass gástrico en Y de Roux (BPGYR) o gastrectomía en manga (GM) que contaran con medición de su composición corporal antes y a los 3, 6 y 12 meses después de la cirugía. Los pacientes se clasificaron como ejercicio físico (+) o ejercicio físico (−) según realizaran o no un programa de ejercicio físico supervisado durante el primer año después de la cirugía. Resultados: Se identificaron 35 pacientes obesos mórbidos sometidos a BPGYR o GM. Veinte (57%) pacientes fueron ejercicio físico (+) y 15 (43%) ejercicio físico (−). Los promedios de edad e IMC preoperatorio en ejercicio físico (+) y ejercicio físico (−) fueron de 33,5 ± 8,9 y 43,3 ± 12,4 años (p < 0,05), y 40,4 ± 7,1 y 35,8 ± 5 kg/m² (p < 0,05), respectivamente. No hubo diferencias en composición corporal entre ambos grupos. Un año después de la cirugía, la pérdida de masa magra en pacientes ejercicio físico (+) y ejercicio físico (−) representó un 17,9 ± 4,1% y 30,1 ± 4,5% del total de la pérdida de peso, respectivamente (p < 0,05). Conclusiones: Estos resultados sugieren que la estimulación muscular mediante ejercicio físico regular logra disminuir la pérdida de masa magra observada después de la cirugía bariátrica, mejorando así la composición corporal de los pacientes.


Objective: We sought to characterize the effect of a physical exercise program on fat free mass loss in morbidly-obese patients one year after bariatric surgery. Patients and methods: Retrospective cohort study of a group of patients who underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) or Sleeve Gastrectomy (SG) and had body composition analysis before and at 3, 6 and 12 months after surgery. Identified patients were further classified as physical exercise (+) or physical exercise (−) based on whether they followed or not a physical exercise program during the first year after surgery. Results: We identified 35 morbidly obese patients who underwent RYGB or SG. 20 (57%) patients were physical exercise (+) and 15 (43%) patients were physical exercise (−). Mean age and preoperative BMI in physical exercise (+) and physical exercise (−) patients was 33.5 ± 8.9 and 43.3 ± 12.4 years (P < .05), and 40.4 ± 7.1 and 35.8 ± 5 kg/m² (P < .05), respectively. There were no differences in body composition between both groups. One year after surgery, fat free mass loss in physical exercise (+) and physical exercise (−) patients represented 17.9 ± 4.1% and 30.1 ± 4.5% of total weight loss, respectively (P < .05). Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that muscle stimulation through physical exercise can decrease the lean body mass loss induced by surgery, thus improving body composition outcomes after surgery.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Bariatric Surgery , Body Composition , Exercise/physiology , Obesity, Morbid/metabolism , Weight Loss/physiology , Cohort Studies , Obesity, Morbid/surgery , Postoperative Period , Time Factors
6.
ABCD (São Paulo, Impr.) ; 26(supl.1): 39-42, 2013. ilus, graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-698973

ABSTRACT

RACIONAL: Alterações metabólicas têm elevada correlação com formas graves da doença hepática gordurosa não-alcoólica. Todavia, ainda não há método não-invasivo que promova sua adequada estratificação sendo que a biópsia permanece como meio diagnóstico ideal. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a prevalência dessa doença em obesos no pré-operatório de bypass gástrico em Y-de-Roux e correlacionar fatores metabólicos com a histopatologia hepática. MÉTODOS: Do total de 47 pacientes, foram incluídos 35 em pré-operatório e excluídos 12 devido à doenças hepáticas e ingestão alcoólica >80 g/semana. Foi realizada avaliação clínico-laboratorial antes da operação e biópsia hepática transoperatória. A intensidade da esteatohepatite foi classificada nos graus: I (leve a moderada), II (difusa e inflamatória), III (fibrose periportal) e IV (cirrose). Foram comparadas as seguintes variáveis: tempo de obesidade, índice de massa corpórea, relação cintura-quadril, diabete melito tipo 2, hipertensão arterial e dislipidemia. RESULTADOS: Trinta e cinco pacientes (68,6% mulheres, média de idade de 37 anos) foram avaliados. O índice de massa corpórea médio pré-operatório foi de 53,04 kg/m2. Esteatohepatite não-alcoólica foi encontrada em 31 pacientes (88,6%), sendo grau I 32,2% (n=10), grau II 45,2% (n=14), e grau III 25,6% (n=7). A relação cintura-quadril mostrou associação com esteatose hepática; hipertrigliceridemia foi o marcador que melhor se correlacionou com maior grau; não houve correlação entre aminotransferase e a intensidade da doença; houve correlação da intensidade com fatores relacionados à resistência insulínica. CONCLUSÃO: Esteatohepatite não-alcoólica tem elevada prevalência em obesos graves, porém não foi observada correlação positiva entre aminotransferases e o grau de obesidade com histopatologia hepática. Hipertrigliceridemia e relação cintura-quadril correlacionaram-se positivamente com a intensidade de doença.


BACKGROUND: Metabolic disorders have high correlation with severe forms of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. However, there is no non-invasive method that promotes its proper stratification and biopsy remains the ideal diagnostic tool. AIM: To evaluate the prevalence of this disease in obese in preoperative period of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and metabolic factors correlated with liver histopathology. METHODS: From a total of 47 patients, 35 were enrolled in the inclusion criteria and 12 excluded due to liver disease and alcohol intake >80 g/week. Were performed clinical and laboratory evaluation before the surgery and intraoperative liver biopsy . The intensity was ranked in grade of steatohepatitis: I (mild to moderate) and II (diffuse inflammation), III ( periportal fibrosis) and IV (cirrhosis). Were compared the following variables: duration of obesity, body mass index, waist-hip ratio, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension and dyslipidemia. RESULTS: Thirty -five patients (68.6 % women , mean age 37 years) were evaluated. The mean body mass index preoperatively was 53.04 kg/m². Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis was found in 31 patients (88.6 %) and 32.2% were in grade I (n=10), grade II 45.2% (n=14), and 25.6% grade III (n=7). The waist-hip ratio was associated with hepatic steatosis; hypertriglyceridemia was the marker that had best correlation with higher grade; there was no correlation between aminotransferase and intensity of the disease; there was correlation of intensity with factors related to insulin resistance. CONCLUSION: Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis is highly prevalent in morbidly obese patients, but there was no positive correlation between aminotransferases and degree of obesity and liver histopathology. Hypertriglyceridemia and waist-hip ratio were positively correlated with the intensity of disease.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Fatty Liver/complications , Fatty Liver/epidemiology , Gastric Bypass , Obesity, Morbid/complications , Obesity, Morbid/surgery , Body Mass Index , Fatty Liver/metabolism , Fatty Liver/pathology , Obesity, Morbid/metabolism , Preoperative Period , Prevalence , Severity of Illness Index , Waist-Hip Ratio
7.
ABCD (São Paulo, Impr.) ; 26(supl.1): 63-66, 2013.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-698978

ABSTRACT

INTRODUÇÃO: Achados epidemiológicos têm demonstrado o aumento da prevalência de obesidade em diversos segmentos da população mundial. Neste contexto, a cirurgia bariátrica é aceita, atualmente, como a ferramenta mais eficaz no tratamento e controle da obesidade mórbida. Vários estudos vêm avaliando o estado nutricional após operações bariátricas, principalmente as mistas, detectando redução no consumo alimentar de proteínas, vitaminas e minerais. No entanto, outros investigam a presença de deficiências nutricionais antes da realização da operação, que podem ser agravadas com o procedimento cirúrgico, resultando em complicações pós-operatórias graves. OBJETIVO: Analisar a literatura para as deficiências de micronutrientes em pacientes obesos antes da cirurgia bariátrica. MÉTODO: Realizou-se revisão sistemática em bases eletrônicos, a saber: PubMed/Medline, Scielo, Lilacs e Bireme. As seguintes palavras-chave foram utilizadas individualmente ou em associação: bariatric surgery, obesity, preoperative, gastric bypass, vitamin deficiencies, mineral deficiencies and absorption nutrient. Foram incluídos 40 artigos de revisão e originais, publicados entre 2005 a 2012. RESULTADOS: Encontrou-se como consenso o fato de que a combinação de deficiências nutricionais no pré-operatório, as restrições e má absorção induzidas pela cirurgia bariátrica podem levar a importante déficits nutricionais durante o período pós-operatório tardio, principalmente de micronutrientes, resultando em complicações graves. CONCLUSÃO: A alta ocorrência de deficiência de micronutrientes no pré-operatório detectada em obesos mórbidos candidatos à cirurgia bariátrica, somado a um processo disabsortivo, pode envolver pior prognóstico durante o período pós-operatório tardio. Avaliação pré-operatória dos parâmetros nutricionais e da ingestão de alimentos é recomendado em conjunto com as intervenções.


INTRODUCTION: Data already demonstrated the increased prevalence of obesity in various segments of the population. In this context, bariatric surgery is accepted nowadays as the most effective tool in the treatment and control of morbid obesity. Several studies have evaluated the nutritional status after bariatric surgery, especially mixed by detecting a reduction in food intake of protein, vitamins and minerals. However, other studies have investigated the presence of nutritional deficiencies prior to surgery, which may be aggravated by the surgical procedure, resulting in serious postoperative complications. AIM: To analyze the literature in relationship to micronutrient deficiencies in obese patients before bariatric surgery. METHOD: Was carried out a systematic review in several electronic databases, such as PubMed/ Medline, Scielo, Lilacs and Bireme. The following keywords were used alone or in combination: bariatric surgery, obesity, preoperative, gastric bypass, vitamin deficiencies, deficiencies and mineral nutrient absorption. Were included 40 review and original articles published between 2005 to 2012. RESULTS: There were consensus on the combination of preoperative nutritional deficiencies, restrictions and malabsorption, possibly induced by bariatric surgery that can lead patients to experience significant nutritional deficits during the late postoperative period, especially of micronutrients, resulting in serious complications. CONCLUSIONS: The high occurrence of micronutrient deficiencies preoperatively detected in morbidly obese candidates for bariatric surgery, plus a malabsorptive procedure, may involve worse prognosis during the late postoperative period. Preoperative evaluation of nutritional parameters and food intake is recommended in conjunction with surgical interventions.


Subject(s)
Humans , Bariatric Surgery , Micronutrients/deficiency , Obesity, Morbid/metabolism , Obesity, Morbid/surgery , Postoperative Complications/etiology , Preoperative Period
8.
J. Health Sci. Inst ; 30(3)jul.-set. 2012. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-670578

ABSTRACT

O número de obesos no mundo cresce a cada ano. Muitos dos obesos que se encontram classificados como obesos mórbidos procuram a cirurgia bariátrica como forma de perder peso, e assim, evitar a piora das comorbidades. Sabe-se que estes indivíduos podem apresentar valores elevados de pressões plantares, que podem levar a prejuízos de locomoção e realização de atividades de vida diária (AVDs). Porém, não há estudos que comparem o comportamento da distribuição das pressões plantares médias e picos de pressão plantar no pré e pós-operatório de cirurgia bariátrica, objetivo deste estudo. Para esta análise utilizou-se um baropodômetro computadorizado, modelo Emed-at. Acoleta pré-operatória foi realizada no dia anterior à cirurgia bariátrica, e a coleta pós-operatória ocorreu 60 dias após a cirurgia. Os maiores valores de pressão plantar foram encontrados na região do hálux e cabeças dos metatarsos, em ambas as avaliações. Porém, ao compararem-se os dados de pré e pós-operatório, observou-se redução nos valores da pressão plantar no sujeito, após uma perda de peso de 13,8% do peso inicial. Configura-se a importância da redução de peso na população de obesos mórbidos, com o objetivo de reduzir a sobrecarga nos membros inferiores e evitar alterações funcionais e estruturais nos pés.


The number of obese people in the world grows each year. Many obese who are classified as morbid obese seek bariatric surgery as a way to lose weight, and thus preventing the worsening of comorbidities. It is known that these individuals may present high values for plantar pressures, which can lead to difficulties in mobility and in daily life activities. Although, there aren't any studies which compare the behavior of average plantar pressure and peaks of plantar pressure in the pre and post-operative for bariatric surgery, aim of this study. In order to perform this analysis, it was used a computerized baropometer, model Emed-at. The pre-operative evaluation was held the day before the bariatric surgery, and the post-operative evaluation took place 60 days after the surgery. The largest plantar pressure values were found in the region of the hallux and metatarsal heads in both evaluations. However, when comparing pre and post-operative data, it was noticed reduction in plantar pressure values in the subject, after a weight loss of 13.8% of the initial weight. It configures the importance of reducing the weight of morbid obese population, aiming to reduce the overload in lower limbs and to avoid strucutural and functional changes of the feet.


Subject(s)
Humans , Biomechanical Phenomena/genetics , Physical Therapy Modalities/statistics & numerical data , Physical Therapy Modalities , Obesity, Morbid/surgery , Obesity, Morbid/metabolism , Obesity, Morbid/pathology , Obesity, Morbid/prevention & control , Obesity, Morbid/therapy
9.
ABCD (São Paulo, Impr.) ; 24(2): 140-143, abr.-jun. 2011. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-592483

ABSTRACT

RACIONAL: A obesidade mórbida é um estado de resistência à insulina associado ao excesso de gordura visceral, condições que contribuem para o desenvolvimento da síndrome metabólica. Na obesidade, os tratamentos conservadores promovem melhora da síndrome metabólica, mas a recuperação de peso é frequente. A derivação gástrica em Y-de-Roux resulta em perda de peso, mais significativa e sustentada, além de promover melhora da síndrome metabólica, que é condição de risco para o desenvolvimento de doença aterosclerótica sistêmica. OBJETIVO: Demonstrar que a cirurgia bariátrica promove a reversão da síndrome metabólica. MÉTODOS: O estudo foi realizado com 74 pacientes obesos, submetidos a derivação gástrica em Y-de-Roux por videolaparoscopia. Foram avaliados por meio de dados antropométricos e laboratoriais, com a aferição do peso, circunferência abdominal, índice de massa corporal, pressão arterial sistêmica e a dosagem de glicemia, triglicérides, colesterol total e sua fração HDL, no pré-operatório e ao longo de seis meses após a operação. Para comparação de médias foi utilizado o teste não paramétrico de Friedman e, quando necessário, o teste de Wilcoxon, considerando nível de significância valor de p<0,05. RESULTADO: Houve 52 mulheres e 22 homens, com a média de idade de 34,6 anos. O intervalo de seguimento foi de seis meses. A média do índice de massa corporal no pré-operatório era de 42 e após seis meses foi de 29,6. Demonstrou-se diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os momentos, quanto a todas as variáveis quantitativas analisadas. CONCLUSÃO: Pôde-se inferir que a cirurgia bariátrica é meio eficaz de perda de peso e normalização precoce das alterações antropométricas e laboratoriais utilizadas no diagnóstico da síndrome metabólica.


BACKGROUND: Morbid obesity is a state of insulin resistance associated with excess of visceral fat, which is involved in the development of metabolic syndrome. In obesity, conservative therapies promote improvement of the metabolic syndrome, but weight regain is common. The Roux-en-Y gastric bypass results in weight loss, more significant and sustained, besides promoting improvement of the metabolic syndrome, that is a risk factor for development of systemic atherosclerotic disease. AIM: To demonstrate that bariatric surgery promotes the reversal of the metabolic syndrome. METHODS: The study included 74 obese patients underwent to Roux-en-Y gastric bypass by laparoscopy. Were evaluated with weight measurement, waist circumference, body mass index, blood pressure and blood glucose levels, triglycerides, total cholesterol and HDL fraction, preoperative and over six months after operation. To compare means it was used the non-parametric Friedman test and the Wilcoxon test, level of significance p <0.05. RESULTS: There were 52 women and 22 men with mean age of 34.6 years. The range of follow-up was six months. The average body mass index preoperatively was 42 and six months after operation was 29.6. It was confirmed a statistically significant difference between the moments in all the quantitative variables analyzed. CONCLUSION: It can be inferred that bariatric surgery is an effective method of weight loss and normalization of parameters used in the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Bariatric Surgery/methods , Gastric Bypass/methods , Diabetes Mellitus/metabolism , Obesity, Morbid/metabolism , Metabolic Syndrome/etiology
10.
Av. cardiol ; 30(4): 331-337, dic. 2010. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-607795

ABSTRACT

La grasa epicárdica es el verdadero depósito de grasa del corazón y puede ser observada y medida utilizando ecocardiografía estandar en dos dimensiones. La vista en eje paraesternal largo y paraesternal corto permite medir con mayor precisión el espesor de la grasa epicárdica sobre el ventriculo derecho. La medición ecocardiográfica de la grasa epicárdica tiene varias ventajas incluyendo bajo costo, fácil accesibilidad y buena reproducibilidad, y además se correlaciona positivamente con el síndrome metabólico, resistencia insulínica, enfermedad arterial coronaria y aterosclerosis subclínica, y por tanto puede servir como una herramienta sencilla para la predicción del riesgo cardiometabólico.


Epicardial fat is the true visceral fat depot of the heart and it can be visulized and measured using standard two-dimensional echocardiography. Standar parasternal long-axis and short-axis views permit the most accurate measurement of epicardial fat thickness overlying the right ventricle. Echocardiographic epicardial fat measurement has several advantages, including low cost, easy accessibility and good reproducibility, and also it correlates with metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, coronary artery disease, and subclinical atherosclerosis, and therefore it might serve as a simple tool for cardiometabolic risk prediction.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adiposity/physiology , Dyslipidemias/pathology , Echocardiography/methods , Coronary Artery Disease/pathology , Hypertension/pathology , Myocardium/metabolism , Metabolic Syndrome/complications , Metabolic Syndrome/etiology , Disease Outbreaks , /pathology , Indicators and Reagents , Obesity, Morbid/metabolism
11.
Clinics ; 64(11): 1093-1098, Nov. 2009. graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-532536

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To assess glucose homeostasis and weight loss in morbidly obese patients undergoing Silastic® ring sleeve gastrectomy. METHODS: This was a prospective clinical study. Thirty-three female patients with a mean body mass index (BMI) of 42.33 ± 1.50 kg/m² (range: 40-45 kg/m²), a mean age of 36.7 ± 9.4 years and a mean waist circumference of 118.7 ± 5.98 cm were included in this study. Type 2 diabetes mellitus was observed in 11 patients (33.3 percent), and glucose intolerance was observed in 4 patients (12.1 percent). Mean plasma fasting glucose levels were 109.77 ± 44.19 mg/dl (75-320) in the preoperative period. All Silastic® ring sleeve gastrectomy procedures were performed by the same surgical team using the same anesthetic technique. The patients were monitored for at least 12 months after surgery. RESULTS: The mean weight of the patients decreased from 107.69 ± 6.57 kg to 70.52 ± 9.36 kg (p < 0.001), the mean BMI decreased to 27.4 ± 2.42 kg/m² (p < 0.001), and the mean waist circumference decreased to 89.87 cm ± 6.66 (p < 0.001) in the postoperative period. Excess BMI loss was 86.5 ± 14.2 percent. Fasting glucose levels were reduced to 80.94 ± 6.3 mg/dl (p < 0.001). Remission of diabetes and glucose intolerance was observed in all patients. CONCLUSION: Silastic® ring sleeve gastrectomy was effective in promoting weight loss, waist circumference reduction and control of glucose homeostasis in morbidly obese patients.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Blood Glucose/metabolism , Gastrectomy , Obesity, Morbid/metabolism , Weight Loss/physiology , Body Mass Index , Obesity, Morbid/surgery , Postoperative Period , Preoperative Care , Prospective Studies , Statistics, Nonparametric , Waist Circumference/physiology , Young Adult
12.
Arq. bras. endocrinol. metab ; 53(2): 293-300, Mar. 2009. graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-513785

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To assess the relationship between adiponectin and metabolic parameters in severely obese women during surgical-induced weight loss. METHODS: Nineteen lean (CT - BMI:21.2 ± 0.3 kg.m²), 14 overweight/class II obese (OB/OW - BMI: 29.7 ± 0.7 kg/m²) and 8 morbidly obese (OBIII - BMI: 56.4 ± 3.6 kg/m²) were evaluated by hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp, adiponectin, and lipids. OBIII were evaluated at 5th and 16th month post-operatively. RESULTS: Compared to lean, obese groups had lower adiponectin (OB/OW: 9.4 ± 0.9, OBIII: 7.1 ± 1.3 versus 12.2 ± 0.9 ng/dL; p < 0.01), lower HDL-cholesterol (OB/OW:1.05 ± 0.05, OBIII: 0.88 ± 0.04 versus 1.22 ± 0.07 mmol/L; p < 0.01) and insulin resistance-IR (glucose uptake, M-value - OB/OW: 43.6 ± 2.7, OBIII: 32.4 ± 3.2 versus 20.0 ± 1.8 umol/kgFFM.min; p < 0.001). Considering all subjects, adiponectin levels were inversely correlated to BMI and waist circumference, and directly to M-value and HDL-cholesterol (p < 0.01). During weight loss, improvements in IR (Study III: 36.1 ± 3.9 umol/kg/FFM.min, p < 0.0001), adiponectin (11.8 ± 1.4 ng/dL, p = 0.006) and HDL-cholesterol were observed (1.10 ± 0.04 mmol/L, p = 0.007). Moreover, HDL-cholesterol improvement was significantly and independently related to variations of adiponectin and BMI (r² = 0.86; p < 0.0002). CONCLUSIONS: The improvements of IR and adiponectin were related to surgical-induced weight loss, suggesting an important role of adiponectin in HDL-cholesterol regulation.


OBJETIVO: Identificar a relação entre adiponectina e parâmetros metabólicos em mulheres obesas mórbidas durante o emagrecimento por bypass gástrico. MÉTODOS: Dezenove magras (CT - IMC: 21,2 ± 0,3 kg/m²), 14 com sobrepeso/obesidade classe II (OB/OW - IMC: 29,7 ± 0,7 kg/m²) e oito obesas classe III (OBIII - IMC:56,4 ± 3,6 kg/m²) foram avaliadas pelo clamp euglicêmico-hiperinsulinêmico, adiponectina e lípides. OBIII submeteram-se aos mesmos testes no quinto e décimo-sexto mês pós-operatório. RESULTADOS: comparados a CT, os grupos obesos tiveram menor adiponectinemia (OB/OW: 9,4 ± 0,9, OBIII: 7,1 ± 1,3 versus 12,2 ± 0,9 ng/dL; p < 0,01), menor HDL-colesterol (OB/OW: 1,05 ± 0,05, OBIII: 0,88 ± 0,04 versus 1,22 ± 0,07 mmol/L; p < 0,01) e resistência insulínica - RI (captação de glicose, M - OB/OW:43,6 ± 2,7, OBIII:32,4 ± 3,2 versus 20,0 ± 1,8 umol/kgFFM.min; p < 0,001). Analisando todos os voluntários: adiponectina correlacionou-se negativamente com IMC, circunferência da cintura e positivamente ao M-clamp e HDL-colesterol (p < 0,01). No emagrecimento, houve melhora da RI (Estudo III:36,1 ± 3,9 umol/kgFFM.min, p < 0,0001), adiponectina (11,8 ± 1,4 ng/dL, p = 0,006) e HDL-colesterol (1,10 ± 0,04 mmol/L, p = 0,007). Aumentos do HDL-colesterol foram significativa e independentemente relacionados às variações da adiponectina e IMC (r² = 0,86; p < 0,0002). CONCLUSÕES: A melhora da RI e adiponectina no emagrecimento induzido por bypass gástrico sugerem um importante papel da adiponectina na regulação do HDL-colesterol.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Adiponectin/blood , Cholesterol, HDL/blood , Insulin Resistance/physiology , Insulin/blood , Metabolic Syndrome/metabolism , Obesity, Morbid/surgery , Analysis of Variance , Body Mass Index , Biomarkers/blood , Cross-Sectional Studies , Gastric Bypass , Glucose Clamp Technique , Metabolic Syndrome/surgery , Obesity, Morbid/metabolism , Statistics, Nonparametric , Thinness/blood , Weight Loss/physiology
13.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 136(5): 570-577, mayo 2008. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-490694

ABSTRACT

The effects of gastric bypass (GBP) on resting energy expenditure (REE) are not well known. Aim: To evaluate the changes in REE and its relationship with body composition in severe and morbid obese women before and six and twelve months after GBP. Patients and methods: Twenty three women aged 37±10 years, with a body mass index of 44±4 kg/m², were evaluated before, six and twelve months after GBP. REE was measured in a Deltatrac indirect calorimeter and expressed as kcal/day Fat mass (EM), and fat free mass (EEM) were determined by double beam Xray densitometry (DEXA). Results: Body weight reduction six and twelve months after GBP was 29.0±4.3 and 35.8±6.9 percent, respectively. The best predictor of weight reduction was initial weight (p <0.01). At six and twelve months, REE decreased by 291.7±260.0 and 353.8±378.4 kcal/day, respectively. In the same periods REE/kg body weight increased by 3.3 and 4.8 kcal/kg respectively, compared to baseline. REE/kg EEM was unchanged. Conclusions: GBP was associated with significant changes in body composition after six and twelve months. However, despite weight reduction, resting energy expenditure per fat free mass unit did not change significantly.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Basal Metabolism/physiology , Body Composition/physiology , Gastric Bypass , Obesity, Morbid/metabolism , Energy Intake/physiology , Gastric Bypass/methods , Obesity, Morbid/surgery , Postoperative Care , Time Factors , Weight Loss/physiology
14.
Einstein (Säo Paulo) ; 4(supl.1): S103-S106, 2006.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-455895

ABSTRACT

O ganho de popularidade da cirurgia bariátrica recentemente se deve,ao menos parcialmente, ao uso da videolaparoscopia. As cirurgiasbariátricas por videolaparoscopia têm diversas vantagens sobre aquelasoconvencionais. Dentre elas incluem-se a menor resposta aotrauma cirúrgico, menor intensidade de dor e mais rápida volta às atividades físicas e diárias. Associa-se a essas vantagens os benefícios clínicos do tratamento eficaz da obesidade. Esse trabalho resume as vantagens fisiológicas e os excelentes resultados descritos na literatura, reforçando o impacto positivo do acesso videolaparoscópico para o tratamento da obesidade mórbida.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Bariatric Surgery , Laparoscopy , Obesity, Morbid/surgery , Obesity, Morbid/metabolism , Obesity/therapy
15.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 133(5): 511-516, mayo 2005. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-429051

ABSTRACT

Background: Type 2 diabetes, hypertension and serum lipid abnormalities are common among obese people and they should improve with weight reduction. Aim: To study the outcome of these abnormalities after bariatric surgery in morbid obesity patients. Material and methods: Two hundred thirty two morbid obese patients subjected to gastric bypass, were evaluated in the preoperative period and every three months after surgery, during a minimum of 12 months. Clinical evolution, blood glucose, serum insulin, insulin resistance measured with the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) and serum lipid levels were analyzed. Results: In the preoperative period, 17% had type 2 diabetes, 49% had abnormal serum lipid levels and 25% had high blood pressure. Sixty six percent had at least one of these abnormalities and 20% had more than one. During follow up, body mass index decreased from 44 to 29.3 kg/m2. Total and HDL cholesterol, blood glucose and insulin resistance significantly decreased from the third month after surgery. Diabetes disappeared in 97% of diabetic subjects, blood pressure normalized in 53% of subjects with hypertension and serum lipid levels returned to normal in 88% of subjects with dyslipidemia. Conclusions: Gastric bypass in morbid obese patients achieves a significant and important weight reduction that results in significant reductions in the frequency of diabetes, dyslipidemia and hypertension among operated obese subjects.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , /metabolism , Dyslipidemias/metabolism , Gastric Bypass , Hypertension/metabolism , Obesity, Morbid/metabolism , Blood Glucose , Blood Pressure , Comorbidity , /surgery , Dyslipidemias/surgery , Hypertension/surgery , Lipids/blood , Obesity, Morbid/surgery , Prospective Studies , Weight Loss
16.
Rev. Hosp. Clin. Univ. Chile ; 16(4): 273-281, 2005.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-531885

ABSTRACT

La obesidad mórbida se asocia a múltiples cambios hormonales y metabólicos, la mayor parte de ellos se relacionan con el aumento masivo de la grasa corporal. El adipocito secreta sustancias con funciones locales y generales; éstas cumplen un rol fisiológico en el control de la ingesta y elbalance calórico. El tejido adiposointeractúa con el sistema nervioso central a través de varias hormonas adipocitarias. Por otra parte, el sistema digestivo produce varias sustancias que actúan sobre receptores hipotalámicos específicos que generan repuestas regulatorias del apetito y la ingesta alimentaria. Las hormonas tiroideasson habitualmente normales en los pacientes obesos con la excepción de T3 que puede estar elevada. La producción y metabolización de los corticoidessuprarrenales está aumentada. Sin embargo, los niveles de cortisol urinario son normales excepto en casos dehipercortisolismo endógeno. Los niveles de testosterona total pueden bajar en los pacientes con obesidad severa, pero la testosterona libre habitualmente es normal. Esto se explica por un descenso de la globulina transportadora de hormonas sexuales. En pacientes con obesidad mórbida severa (> 200 por ciento de sobrepeso) se puede producir una disminución de los niveles de testosterona libre. El sistema renina-angiotensina está activado en la obesidad severa. Sin embargo,los niveles de renina permanecen normales. Es importante conocer estos cambios no solo para hacer un diagnóstico diferencial con otras endocrinopatías sino para considerarpotenciales efectos patológicos. Lasendocrinopatías, primarias como elhipotiroidismo y el hiperadrenalismo endógeno no son habitualmente causa deobesidad mórbida.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adipocytes , Endocrine System Diseases , Obesity, Morbid/complications , Obesity, Morbid/metabolism
18.
São Paulo; s.n; 2005. [64] p. tab, graf.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-433557

ABSTRACT

Emulsões artificiais semelhante as lipoproteínas plasmáticas são usadas na avaliação do metabolismo da lipoproteína de baixa densidade(LDL) porém em obesos grau III esse metabolismo lipídico ainda não é bem conhecido.O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a cinética de uma emulsão rica em colesterol que se liga a receptores de LDL e mimetiza o comportamento do colesterol endógeno,em obesos grau III.A emulsão artificial de LDL foi marcada com colesterol éster-[14C] e triglicérides-[3H], injetada em 10 obesos grau III e 10 controles / Artificial emulsions of defined composition resembling the lipidic structure of the plasma lipoproteins have been used to evaluate low- density lipoprotein (LDL) metabolism.In morbid obesity,the LDL metabolism is poorly understood.The purpose of this study was to evaluate the kinetic of a cholesterol-rich emulsion that binds to the LDL receptors,called LDE, in a group of morbid obesity.LDE was labeled with [14C]-cholesteryl ester and [3H]-triglycerides and injected intravenously into 10 patients with morbid obesity and 10 controls...


Subject(s)
Male , Female , Humans , Lipids/analysis , Lipoproteins, LDL/analysis , Obesity, Morbid/metabolism , Carbon Radioisotopes , Emulsions , Fat Emulsions, Intravenous , Obesity, Morbid/blood
19.
Arq. gastroenterol ; 41(4): 215-219, out.-dez. 2004. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-401522

ABSTRACT

RACIONAL: A obesidade tem efeitos de saúde adversos e a reeducação dietética não proporciona perda de peso duradoura. Em pacientes adequadamente selecionados o tratamento cirúrgico pode ser benéfico. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a resposta metabólica pós-operatória precoce em pacientes submetidos a gastroplastia de Capella usando duas diferentes técnicas cirúrgicas de acesso à cavidade abdominal. PACIENTES/MÉTODO: Vinte pacientes (9 homens e 11 mulheres, idades variando de 21 a 53 anos) foram aleatoriamente distribuídos antes da realização de uma das duas incisões de acesso cirúrgico (transversa arciforme ou mediana supra-umbilical). Amostras de sangue foram obtidas no princípio e no fim da operação, e no período pós-operatório, às 12 (T-12 h) e 24 horas (T-24 h). Foram avaliados os tempos de diérese e síntese, perda sangüínea, planimetria do campo operatório, duração da cirurgia, permanência hospitalar, hemoglobina, hematócrito, contagem de linfócitos, potássio, albumina, taxa de hemossedimentação, proteína C-reativa, glicose, piruvato, lactato e corpos cetônicos. RESULTADOS: O tempo de diérese diminuiu significativamente no acesso mediano. Duração da cirurgia, permanência hospitalar, hematócrito, hemoglobina, contagem de linfócitos, concentrações de potássio e albumina foram semelhantes em ambos os grupos. Houve aumento significativo das concentrações de proteína C-reativa (T-12 h) e glicose e piruvato (T-24 h) depois da conclusão do procedimento cirúrgico. As concentrações de corpos cetônicos diminuíram significativamente 24 horas após o término da intervenção cirúrgica. CONCLUSÃO: A gastroplastia de Capella induz mudanças metabólicas e inflamatórias nos parâmetros hematológicos. Não há evidência da superioridade técnica do acesso cirúrgico arciforme comparado ao acesso mediano, neste estudo.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Acute-Phase Proteins/analysis , Gastroplasty/methods , Obesity, Morbid/surgery , Acute-Phase Proteins/metabolism , Obesity, Morbid/metabolism
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