Relación histopatológica de la displasia epitelial con la oncoproteína p53 en la leucoplasia bucal / Histopathological relation of epithelial dysplasia to p53 oncoprotein in oral leukoplakia

La leucoplasia bucal es una lesión precancerosa bien conocida debido a su asociación con la presencia de displasia epitelial y su tendencia a la transformación maligna. Con el fin de eliminar la subjetividad en la determinación de los grados de la displasia epitelial se han utilizado marcadores biológicos, entre ellos, el AcM anti p53. Por ello se propuso evaluar la expresión del AcM anti p53 en los diferentes grados de displasia epitelial en la leucoplasia bucal. Se emplearon las biopsias de 46 pacientes con diagnóstico de leucoplasia bucal, procedentes del Departamento de Patología Bucal de la Facultad de Estomatología de La Habana. Las muestras fueron procesadas por la técnica de inclusión en parafina y coloreadas con la técnica inmunohistoquímica del complejo avidina-biotina-peroxidasa para el AcM p53. Se estudió la correlación entre el patrón de inmunoensayo para p53 y el grado de displasia epitelial. Se evidenció que existe una asociación significativa entre la inmunocoloración de las células basales y suprabasales del epitelio con la oncoproteína p53, en los distintos grados de severidad de la displasia epitelial, lo que pudiera estar relacionado con el incremento progresivo de atipia celular observada. Se concluyó que en las muestras estudiadas existió una relación coincidente del aumento del grado de severidad de la displasia epitelial, con el marcaje de la oncoproteína p53. Estas evidencias sugirieron que el análisis inmunohistoquímico de p53 en conjunto con los parámetros histológicos, principalmente relacionados con el grado de severidad de la displasia epitelial, pudiera ser utilizado para lograr un diagnóstico más certero y contribuir a la prevención del cáncer bucal(AU)

The oral leukoplasia is a well known precancerous injury due to its association with the presence of epithelial dysplasia and its trend to malignant transformation. To eliminate the subjectivity in the determination of the epithelial dysplasia degrees, biological markers have been used among them the AcM.antip53 Thus, authors assessed the expression of AcM antip53 in the different degrees of epithelial dysplasia in the oral leukoplasia. Biopsies from 46 patients diagnosed with oral leukoplasia were used from the Oral Pathology Department of the Stomatology Faculty of La Habana. Samples were processed by the paraffin-inclusion technique and stained with immunohistochemical technique of the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex for the AcM p53. The correlation between the immunoassay pattern for p53 and the degree of epithelial dysplasia was studied. It was demonstrated that there is a significant association between the immunostain of basal and supra-basal cells of epithelium with the p53 oncoprotein in the different degrees of severity of the epithelial dysplasia, which could be related to the progressive increase of the observed cellular atypia. We concluded that in the study samples there was a coincident relation of the increase in the degree of severity of the epithelial dysplasia, with the marking of the p53 oncoprotein. These evidences suggested that the immunohistochemical analysis of p53 overall with the histological parameters mainly those related to the degree of severity of the epithelial dysplasia could be used to made a more accurate diagnosis and to contribute to prevention of oral cancer(AU)

Putrescine, DNA, RNA and protein contents in human uterine, breast and rectal cancer.

AIMS: To find out the status of DNA, RNA and protein in human uterine, ovarian, breast and rectal carcinoma. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this prospective study, patients of age group between late thirties and late fifties suffering from uterine, ovarian, breast and rectal cancer were taken as subjects of the present study. The total number of cases studied for each cases was ten. Pieces of human carcinomatous tissues of above mentioned cases were taken along with surrounding normal tissues. From the tissue samples, putrescine is separated by the method of Herbst et al, DNA analysed by Diphenylamine method, RNA by Orcinol method and protein by Biuret method. RESULTS: Tissue content of putrescine rises simultaneously with that of DNA, RNA and protein in carcinomatous growths as above in comparison to their respective adjacent normal tissue, the differences being statistically highly significant. CONCLUSIONS: Increase in DNA, RNA and protein concentration may be a pre-requisite for increased synthesis of putrescine in carcinomatous tissue and thereby the concentration of other di- and poly-amines.

Prognostic importance of p53 and c-erbB-2 oncoproteins overexpression in patients with breast cancer.

Using immunohistochemistry, 119 breast cancer tissues were examined for overexpression of p53 and c-erbB-2 oncogene proteins. In 46 (38.7%) of the cases p53 was overexpressed, while 35 (29.4%) demonstrated positive c-erbB-2 immunostaining. Expression of these two oncogene products was closely correlated (p < 0.01). There was no significant association between p53 protein expression and age of the patients, clinical stage, tumor size, number of involved nodes or estrogen receptor status. However, we found significant correlation between p53 protein expression and 5-year disease-free survival (p = 0.0113). In addition, the findings in this study clearly indicated that the co-overexpression of p53 and c-erbB-2 proteins was a powerful predictor for early recurrence in the patients with breast cancer.

Fatores prognósticos em câncer de mama em mulheres pré e pós-menopausa / Prognostic factors in breast cancer in pre and post menopause in women

A incidência crescente, a heterogeneidade e a taxa elevada de mortalidade do câncer de mama, têm estimulado pesquisas com o objetivo de se identificar fatores que facilitam a compreensäo do comportamento biológico nesta neoplasia. Estes fatores podem ser classificados em prognósticos ou preditivos. Neste estudo, foram avaliados fatores anatomopatológicos (tamanho do tumor, comprometimento de linfonodos axilares (LA) e graduaçäo histológica do tumor) e fatores biológicos (expressäo do receptor de estrogênio (RE) e expressäo do oncogene c-erbB-2). As pacientes foram divididas em 2 grupos: grupo A: 50 pacientes com carcinoma ductal invasivo com até 40 anos de idade e grupo B: 50 pacientes com carcinoma ductal invasivo com mais de 60 anos de idade. Entre os fatores anatomopatológicos estudados, o tamanho do tumor foi dividido, de acordo com o maior diâmetro, em 3 subgrupos; T1 < 2cm, T2 de 2 a 5cm e T3 > 5cm. O comprometimento de LA em 3 subgrupos: L1 = ausência de metástase, L2 = metástases em 1 a 3 linfonodos e L3 = metástases em 4 ou mais linfonodos e a graduaçäo histológica foi em 3 subgrupos, dependendo do escore obtido: G1 = escores 3-5, G2 = escores 6-7 e G3 = escores 8-9. Os fatores biológicos foram analisados através de técnica imunohistoquímica utilizando-se o complexo avidina-biotina-peroxidase (ABC) com o auxílio do método de recuperaçäo antigênica pelo forno de microondas e os resultados expressos como positivo e negativo para o RE e proteína do oncogene c-erbB-2. A análise estatística foi realizada através do teste de Goodman para contraste entre e dentro de 2 populaçöes multinominais independentes. O teste de Qui-quadrado e o teste exato de Fisher foram utilizados para avaliar a associaçäo entre o tamanho do tumor, LA, graduaçäo histológica, RE e c-erbB-2 nos grupos A e B, separadamente. A idade das pacientes nos grupos A e B variou de 25 a 40 anos (média de 35 anos) e 60 a 85 anos (média de 68 anos) respectivamente. No grupo A, o tamanho do tumor variou de 0,7 a 8,0cm (média de 2,9cm) e no grupo B a variaçäo foi de 0,8 a 9,0cm (média de 3,1cm). Foram examinados, em média, nos grupos A e B, respectivamente, 19,9 LA e 22,1 LA. A média de LA comprometidos por metástases foi de 4,7 LA e 4,4 LA, respectivamente, nos grupos A e B. Os resultados näo mostraram diferença, estatisticamente significante, entre os 2 grupos em relaçäo ao tamanho do tumor, LA, graduaçäo histológica e expressäo de RE nos grupos A e B...

Cyclin D1 protein expression in lung cancer

Cyclin D1, a G1 cyclin, has been implicated in the oncogenesis of various types of malignancies via deregulation of cell cycles. Amplification of cyclin D1 as a part of 11q13 amplicon has been reported in lung cancer as well as a subset of carcinomas arising from various organs including breast, head and neck, and esophagus. In addition to its role as an oncogene, several recent studies have suggested that amplification is indicative of poor prognosis. In this study we examined the cyclin D1 protein expression in 102 consecutive cases of lung cancers using the microwave enhanced immunohistochemical staining method and correlated the data with the histologic subtype and grade, Ki-67 (MIB-1) labeling index, and survival. Nuclear positive staining was observed in 18 cases (18 %) of lung cancers. Although squamous cell carcinoma demonstrated a higher rate of expression (12 /58, 21%), three of 33 adenocarcinomas (9%) revealed overexpression and both adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma components within the adenosquamous carcinoma showed nuclear staining. There was no correlation between cyclin D1 overexpression and histologic grade, Ki-67 (MIB-1) labeling index, and survival. These observations indicate that cyclin D1 protein overexpression might be implicated in the oncogenesis of the various histologic types of non-small cell lung carcinomas but it has no usefulness as a prognostic marker.