Yeast inoculation as a strategy to improve the physico-chemical and sensory properties of reduced salt fermented sausages produced with entire male fat.

Yeast inoculation of dry fermented sausages manufactured with entire male fat was evaluated as a strategy to improve sausage quality. Four different formulations with entire male/gilt back fat and inoculated/non-inoculated with Debaryomyces hansenii were manufactured. The use of entire male back fat produced the highest weight losses, hardness and chewiness in dry sausages. Consumers clearly distinguished samples according to drying time and D. hansenii inoculation while the use of entire/gilt back fat was not highly perceived. The presence of androstenone and skatole was close to their sensory thresholds. Androstenone was not degraded during the process but skatole was affected by yeast inoculation. D. hansenii growth on the surface regulated water release during ripening, reduced hardness and chewiness in entire male sausages and resulted with similar texture to gilt sausages. Yeast inoculation inhibited lipid oxidation providing fruity odours and less oxidized fatty sausages in the sensory analysis. The effectiveness of yeast to mask boar taint was demonstrated by sensory analysis.

Impact of Debaryomyces hansenii strains inoculation on the quality of slow dry-cured fermented sausages.

Debaryomyces hansenii strains, M4 and P2, isolated from natural fermented sausages were inoculated in slow fermented sausages to study their effect on processing parameters, microbial population, volatile compound and sensory characteristics. The inoculation of D. hansenii strains, M4 and P2, did not affect the ripening process as no differences in pH and Aw were detected. The dominance of the inoculated yeast strains along the process was followed by RAPDs of M13 minisatellite. The inoculated yeasts, P2 and M4, were recovered at the end of the ripening process although P2 appeared in higher counts than M4. The sausages inoculated with P2 resulted in a decrease in lipid oxidation values (TBARS) and a reduction of lipid-oxidation derived aldehydes in addition to a highest acid compound abundance. M4 inoculated sausages resulted in highest sulphur containing compound abundance. However, no differences in consumer acceptance were detected. Moreover, both yeast strains were responsible for the generation of ethyl methyl-branched ester compounds in the dry-cured sausages.

Increasing the levels of 2-phenylethyl acetate in wine through the use of a mixed culture of Hanseniaspora osmophila and Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

The impact of mixed cultures of Hanseniaspora osmophila and Saccharomyces cerevisiae with different initial yeast ratios on wine composition has been examined. The mixed culture significantly affected sugar consumption, the main enological parameters and ester concentrations, with the exception of glycerol, isoamyl acetate and diethyl succinate levels. Remarkably, in wines obtained with mixed cultures the concentration of 2-phenylethyl acetate was approximately 3- to 9-fold greater than that produced by S. cerevisiae pure culture. Moreover sensory evaluation revealed a stronger fruity character in wines fermented with mixed cultures than in control wines. Independently of the mixed culture used, all wines showed concentrations of acetic acid and ethyl acetate within the ranges described for wines. Our data suggest that a mixed culture of H. osmophila and S. cerevisiae can be used as a tool to increase 2-phenylethyl acetate in wine and that its concentration can be controlled by modulating the initial yeast ratio in the culture.

Acesso, utilizaçäo e aceitaçäo dos serviços de dermatologia de um centro de saúde-escola sob o modo de ver dos hansenianos / Access, utilization and acceptance of a school-health center dermatological service under the leper patients perception

Os objetivos consideram como eixos principais de análise, o acesso em seus múltiplos aspectos, a utilizaçäo e aceitaçäo dos serviços de dermatologia por pacientes de hanseníase do Centro de Saúde da Escola Paulista de Medicina (CSE). As entrevistas apontaram que o acesso ao CSE, nos seus aspectos geográfico e financeiro, apresentou algumas barreiras como o tempo e o valor gastos com os meios de transporte utilizados, face ao baixo nível sócio-econômico da grande maioria dos hansenianos e a distância dos locais de residência. Quanto ao início e continuidade do controle näo ocorreu nenhum obstáculo a esse acesso, com exceçäo, de serviços assistenciais de retaguarda. A utilizaçäo, pelos pacientes, da consulta médica nas áreas de dermatologia e gineco/obstetrícia foi maior que o padräo estabelecido. Esses doentes valorizaram muito o atendimento prestado, sem agendamento, em funçäo de necessidades emergentes, com destaque para os atributos técnico e de relacionamento interpessoal. Ao julgarem a boa qualidade do atendimento prestado no CSE, as experiências pretéritas constituíram o padräo de referência. A satisfaçäo geral e a preocupaçäo de alguns pacientes com a possibilidade de serem transferidos para outras Unidades Básicas de Saúde, indicaram a boa qualidade da assistência prestada

Use of glutaraldehyde for disinfection in dialysis.

We compared Cidex HD Disinfecting Solution (CHD), a brand of glutaraldehyde disinfectant, alone and with bleach (B) to formaldehyde (F) with bleach for disinfection and cleaning of hemodialysis equipment. Two Drake-Willock central delivery systems (CDS) with 15 accompanying bedside stations and one Drake-Willock 4216 single patient delivery system (SPS) were used. The CDS designated #1, delivered dialysate to bedside stations 1 through 9, while CDS#2 supplied bedside stations 10 through 16. The study was conducted in three stages. Stage I used F six nights per week and B cleaning Wednesday (CDS#1/SPS) versus F Monday, Wednesday, and Friday with B on Wednesday (CDS#2) for four weeks. Stage II compared CHD six nights/week versus CHD Monday, Wednesday, and Friday for eight weeks. Stage III compared CDH six nights/week with B cleaning on Wednesday versus CHD on Monday, Wednesday, and Friday with B cleaning on Wednesday for four weeks. Samples of pretreated water were collected aseptically on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays each week from the following sites: pre/CDS, inflow Hansen-bedside stations #5, #13, and SPS and pre-blood detector on BS #5, #13, and the SPS. During the study, 763 samples were cultured. Microbiological test results were reported as colony forming units per ml (CFU/ml). The CFU/ml were obtained by filtrating a 10 ml aliquot through a 0.45 mu filter, the filter transferred to a petri dish containing standard plate count agar and counted.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)