RESUMO
Diabetic cardiomyopathy， one of the cardiovascular complications of diabetes， is characterized by cardiac systolic and diastolic dysfunction at the early stage， which can later develop into heart failure. Due to the high incidence and mortality， it has been a hot topic in recent years. The pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy is complicated. It has been proved related to abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism， cardiac insulin resistance， mitochondrial dysfunction， abnormal calcium homeostasis， activation of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system， increased oxidative stress， endoplasmic reticulum stress， inflammation， autophagy， and so on. The specific pathogenesis remains unclear. Currently， the diabetic cardiomyopathy is mainly tackled with both western medicine and traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）. Traditional western medicine has no specific remedy for diabetic cardiomyopathy， and the resulting side effect cannot be neglected. In order to improve the efficacy and reduce the side effects， researchers have tried some potential medical treatments， such as vaspin， melatonin， Coenzyme Q10， and non-coding RNA， which still need further clinical trials. Diabetic cardiomyopathy is not recorded in ancient TCM books. According to the symptoms and signs， modern physicians often consider it as a "consumptive disease"， whose main therapeutic principles lie in benefiting Qi， tonifying Yin， activating blood， and removing stasis. The individual Chinese herbs such as Astragali Radix and Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma and Chinese herbal compounds like Huotan Jiedu Tongluoyin are effective in protecting the heart. But there are few studies exploring the pharmacodynamic mechanisms of TCM. With the continuous emergence of new drugs， the integration of TCM with western medicine may be a more promising treatment in the future. In conclusion， the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy is unclear， and there is a lack of effective prevention and treatment. This paper reviewed the latest findings in pathogenesis and treatment of diabetic cardiomyopathy， in order to provide reference for further research.
RESUMO
Scutellarin is a flavonoid extracted from breviscapus， a traditional Chinese medicine. Pharmacological studies have shown that scutellarin has anti-inflammatory， antioxidant， anti-fibrosis， anti-tumor， improving cardiac and cerebral ischemia. In recent years， with the deepening of research on scutellarin， it was found that it could inhibit the tumor through multi-target and multi-pathway， and the anti-human colorectal cancer was related to the regulation of p53 pathway， Hedgelog pathway and erythropoietin generates liver cancer interactivator B2（EphrinB2）.The anti-esophageal squamous cell carcinoma is related to protein kinaseB1 /protein kinaseB2（ Akt1/Akt2）.Anti-renal carcinoma and melanoma are associated with phosphatase and tension protein homologues（PTEN） and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase（PI3K）/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin（mTOR） pathway. Anti-lung cancer is related to Akt/mTOR/4E binding protein1（4EBP1） and signal transduction and transcriptional activator（STAT3 ）signaling pathway. Anti-cervical cancer is related to pyruvate kinase 2（PKM2）.Anti-breast cancer is associated with Hippo/YAP pathway. At the same time， scutellarin was found to prevent diabetic microangiopathy， atherosclerosis and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by regulating glucose and lipid metabolism， but the mechanism of action was not well studied. A review of the literature found that scutellarin anti-tumor， atherosclerosis， diabetic microangiopathy， non-alcoholic fatty liver disease， osteoarthritis， osteoporosis mechanism of action lack of detailed summary. In this paper， the research progress of pharmacological action and mechanism of scutellarin in recent 5 years is reviewed， and Suggestions on its current research status and future direction are put forward， in order to speed up the discovery of pharmacological mechanism of scutellarin and provide scientific basis for its further development and utilization.
RESUMO
Erigeron breviscapus, a species within the genus of Erigeron, is mainly distributed in Southwest China. It is cold in property, slightly bitter in taste, and has the effect of dispersing cold table, removing wind and dehumidification, promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis, relieving pain and inflammation. Breviscapine is the extract of E. breviscapus. It is mainly consisted of flavonoids, lignans, coumarins, terpenes, phytosterols, etc. As the major components of breviscapine, the content of breviscapine b (4′-hydroxybaicalin-7-O-glucuronide) and breviscapine a (apigenin-7-O-glucuronide) is greater than 90%. Modern pharmacological studies have shown that breviscapine has a wide range of pharmacological effects, including anti-oxidation, anti-fibrosis, anti-inflammation, anti-aging, anti-platelet aggregation, lowering blood lipid, increasing blood flow, improving microcirculation, preventing and treating tumors, and resisting brain injury. In clinical, breviscapine has been widely used in the treatment of diabetes, cerebral insufficiency, sequelae caused by cerebral hemorrhage, hypermucolipemia, cerebral thrombosis, kidney disease, liver disease, Alzheimer's disease, and some other complex diseases. Specially, in the treatment of diabetes and its chronic complications, such as diabetic nephropathy, diabetic cardiomyopathy, diabetic foot, diabetic retinopathy, breviscapine has showed significant efficacy. In addition, studies have demonstrated that the combined application of breviscapine, mecobalamine, and micopol can improve the therapeutic effect. In this work, the application of breviscapine in the treatment of chronic complications of diabetes mellitus and its related combination drugs were reviewed, by which we attempted to provide some valuable clues for the clinical application of breviscapine in the treatment of diabetes mellitus and its chronic complications.
RESUMO
It is now thought that atherosclerosis,although due to enhanced lipid deposition,is mainly the result of a series inflammatory process.Total saponins of Aralia elata (Miq)Seem(TASAES)from the Chinese traditional herb Longya Araliachinensis L.,a folk medicine used for treating various diseases, increasing energy and improving the body′s ability to prevent hypoxia in Asian countries has attracted widespread attention. However, the ability of TASAES on inflammation-triggered vascular endothelial cell injury, a key early event in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, and its potential mechanisms of this protection have never been demonstrated. The present study determined the anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptoticactivities and protective mechanisms of the total aralosides of Araliaelata(Miq)Seem (TASAES) ameliorate tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-induced human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) injury. Our results indicate that TASAES pretreatment provided cytoprotective effects by suppressing TNF-α-induced HUVECs apoptosis, mitochondrial membrane depolarization, caspase-3 activation, and modulation of inflammatory factors (IL-6, MCP-1 and VCAM-1), meanwhile inhibiting NF- κB transcription. Furthermore, the effect was correlated with the activation of the PI3K/Akt signal pathway. Blocking Akt activation with the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 effectively reversed the protective effect of TASAES against TNF-α-induced cell apoptosis.Moreover,the PI3K inhibitor partially blocked the effects of TASAES on the increasing of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl protein expression,and inactivation of Bax protein expression. In conclusion, the results showed that TASAES decreased the inflammation and apoptosis of HUVECs caused by TNF-α treatment,and PI3K played a crucial role in enhancing cell sur-vival during this process.
RESUMO
Diabetic cognitive dysfunction (DCD) is a common chronic complication of diabetes mellitus with sophisticated path-ogenesis which has not yet been fully elucidated. In this review paper, the mechanisms of metabolic abnormalities, insulin re-sistance,endoplasmic reticulum stress,neuronal calcium dysho-meostasis, in ammation, blood brain barrier impairment, and mitochondrial injury associated with DCD are reviewed. In addi-tion,the prevention and treatment of DCD by traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) and the effective compounds are comprehen-sively summarized, in order to provide an updated overview on the DCD pathogenesis,as well as the scientific evidence under-pinning the use of TCM interventions for the treatment and pre-vention of DCD.
RESUMO
The authors systemically evaluated and analyzed the safety of Areca catechu from domestic and foreign literatures about the herbal origin, toxicity recorded in ancient/current documents, safety case reports of clinical A. catechu, experimental studies on toxicity in recent years, and differences of safety risk between edible and medicinal A. catechu. Subsequently, they proposed a preliminary summary about the clinical characteristics and potential risk factors of safety related cases of A. catechu and its preparations. According to the authors, although clinical adverse events of A. catechu were fewer and controllable, clinicians shall stillstrictly standardize its application, and rationally combine it with other herbs, while strengthening fundamental and clinical studies related to safety, so as to give better guidance to safety application of A. catechu in clinic.
RESUMO
Epigenetic is a hotspot of post-genomic era research, and epigenetic modification is a mechanism in the study of cardiovascular disease. Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI) is one of the problems in the cardiovascular disease, and many experimental interventions are reported in the protection of the ischemic myocardium in experimental animals. However, with the exception of early reperfusion, none has been translated into clinical practice. There is an advantage of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in the regulation of epigenetic modification, and pathogenesis of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. This review article is prepared to cover the research progress in the treatment of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury by TCM with a focus on epigenetic regulation. The epigenetic regulation is documented in TCM theory through a systematic review of the protecting drugs in the MIRI development guidelines.
RESUMO
Coronary artery heart disease (CHD) is one of the common cardiovascular diseases in clinical. The morbidity and mortality of CHD recently continue increasing in our country, which has aroused wide attention. Many studies confirm that traditional Chinese medicine has better therapeutic effect on CHD. Guanxin Danshen formula, widely used in the treatment of CHD, consists of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma and volatile oil from Dalbergiae Odoriferae Lignum, and has the efficacy in promoting blood circulation to resolve stasis, regulating the circulation of Qi and alleviating pain. This review summarized the pharmacologic effects and mechanism of Guanxin Danshen formula and its effective components in the treatment of CHD to provide reference for its fundamental research and clinical application.
RESUMO
Reperfusion is the most effective treatment for acute myocardial infarction, markedly reducing mortality and morbidity. Reperfusion however induces necrotic and apoptotic damages to cardiomyocytes, that were viable prior to reperfusion, a process called myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury(MI/RI). Over the past 30 years, hundreds of experimental interventions (both pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic) have been reported to protect the ischemic myocardium in experimental animals; however, with the exception of early reperfusion, none has been translated into clinical practice. The population-based survey assessed men have about twice the total incidence of morbidity and mortality of women, and the sex gap in morbidity tends to diminish after age 45 years. So hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is given to treat the MI/RI, and lots of studies shows that the side effect is greater for estrogen, compared with phyestrogen. In this article, we review the important pathogenesis of myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury, the prevention and limitations of HRT. And we highlight the mechanism of phyestrogens treatment the MI/RI in experiment. The aim is to provide the theoretically new way of develop the safe and effective products for the researchers.
Assuntos
Animais , Humanos , Isquemia Miocárdica , Tratamento Farmacológico , Traumatismo por Reperfusão Miocárdica , Tratamento Farmacológico , Fitoestrógenos , Extratos VegetaisRESUMO
The high and continuing soaring incidence of diabetes may become a huge obstacle to China's development. The antidiabetic drug development is one way to solve the problem. Animal model is a powerful tool for drug development. This paper compares and analyzes the three kinds of animal models for antidiabetic drug development in replicating principle, methods and characteristic, then summarized the application in the research of traditional Chinese medicine. At the same time, the analysis of the market, application and clinical advantages of hypoglycemic medicine from traditional Chinese medicine, is given in this paper, based on the literature analysis. From the point of the clinic advantage embodiment and new drug development, this paper will provide advisory and assistance support for the anti-diabetic fighting with traditional Chinese medicine.
Assuntos
Animais , Humanos , China , Diabetes Mellitus , Tratamento Farmacológico , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Descoberta de Drogas , Hipoglicemiantes , Medicina Tradicional ChinesaRESUMO
To discuss the protective effect of aralosides (AS) on I/R-induced rat myocardial injury. The adult rat ventricular myocyte ischemia model was established through perfusion with sodium lactate perfusate and reperfusion with Ca(2+) -containing Tyrode's solution simulation. The cell contraction and ion concentration synchronization determination system was applied to detect the effect of AS on single I/R cell contraction and Ca2+ transients. According to the findings, AS could increase resting sarcomere length, contraction amplitude, ± dL/dt(max), calcium transient amplitude and speed of post-reperfusion myocardial cells (P < 0.05, P < 0.01), and decrease in time for achieving 90.0% of maximum relaxation, time for achieving peak value, resting calcium ratio, contraction period [Ca2+] i, time for achieving 50.0% of maximum relaxation and attenuation rate of intracellular calcium transient (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Therefore, it is suggested that AS improved the post-reperfusion cell contraction and injury of calcium homeostasis.
Assuntos
Animais , Humanos , Masculino , Ratos , Aralia , Química , Transporte Biológico , Cálcio , Metabolismo , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas , Contração Muscular , Isquemia Miocárdica , Tratamento Farmacológico , Metabolismo , Cirurgia Geral , Reperfusão Miocárdica , Miócitos Cardíacos , Fisiologia , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , SaponinasRESUMO
Aconite has the efficacy of reviving yang for resuscitation, dispelling cold and relieving pain, which is widely used in clinic, and shows unique efficacy in treating severe diseases. However, aconite has great toxicity, with obvious cardio-toxicity and neurotoxicity. Its toxicological mechanism main shows in the effect on voltage-dependent sodium channels, release of neurotransmitters and changes in receptors, promotion of lipid peroxidation and cell apoptosis in heart, liver and other tissues. Aconite works to reduce toxicity mainly through compatibility and processing. Besides traditional processing methods, many new modern processing techniques could also help achieve the objectives of detoxification and efficacy enhancement. In order to further develop the medicinal value of aconite and reduce its side effect in clinical application, this article gives comprehensive comments on aconite's toxicity characteristics, mechanism and detoxification methods on the basis of relevant reports for aconite's toxicity and the author's experimental studies.
Assuntos
Animais , Humanos , Aconitum , Química , Química Farmacêutica , Composição de Medicamentos , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas , Química , Toxicidade , Extratos Vegetais , Química , ToxicidadeRESUMO
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Stomach physiological effects of channel tropism of stomach, cold & cool Chinese herbal medicine on rats with stomach-heat syndrome were studied.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Using water decoction of warm &heat medicine, Rhizoma Zingiberis to feed rats for 15 days continuously, causing the stomach-heat sydrome model, then decoction of Rhizoma Coptidis, Herba Taraxaci, Fractus Aurantii Immaturus was used to feed rats for 10 days, respectively. Biochemical indexes of blood reflecting the physiological function of stomach, including thromboxaneB2 (TXB2), 6-keto-PGF(1alpha), Gastrin (Gas), Motilin (MTL), and Somatostation (SS) were measured by radioimmunoassay.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Symptom of stomach-heat syndrome prevailed in body of rats after filled with decoction of Rhizoma Zingiberis, values of TXB2/6-keto-PGF(1alpha), MTL, and Gas in blood raised up evidently, compared with the control (P < 0.05), but values of 6-keto-PGF(1alpha). decreased conspicuously (P < 0.05). After treated with decoction of Rhizoma Coptidis, Herba Taraxaci or Fractus Aurantii Immaturus for 10 days, respectively. Symptoms of stomach heat syndrome were eliminated or alleviated, values of 6-keto-PGF(1alpha), and SS in blood elevated at different degrees, and those of TXB2, TXB2/6-keto-PGF(1alpha), MTL, and Gas felled down at different degrees. Difference of efficacy existed at different groups, group of Rhizoma Coptidis was the strongest, group of Herba Taraxaci was the second, group of Fractus Aurantii Immaturus was the third. Efficacy of medicine in groups with high dosage was stronger than those with low dosage.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Channel tropism of stomach, cold and cool Chinese herbal medicine could improve the physiological functions of stomach effectively, and the efficacy concerns with the degree of their cold and cool characteristics.</p>