Drying kinetics and quality dynamics of ultrasound-assisted dried selenium-enriched germinated black rice.

Black rice is a functional food due to its higher protein, fiber, iron, antioxidant compounds, and other health benefits than traditional rice. The ultrasonic (US) pretreatments (10, 20, and 50 min) followed by hot-air drying (50, 60, and 70 °C) were applied to study the drying kinetics, mathematical modeling, thermodynamics, microstructure, bioactive profile, volatile compounds and to lock the nutritional composition of selenium-enriched germinated black rice (SeGBR). Ultrasonic-treated samples exhibited a 20.5% reduced drying time than control ones. The Hii model accurately describes the drying kinetics of SeGBR with the highest R2 (>0.997 to 1.00) among the fifteen studied models. The activation energy values in US-SeGBR varied from 3.97 to 13.90 kJ/mol, while the specific energy consumption ranged from 6.45 to 12.32 kWh/kg, which was lower than untreated. The obtained thermodynamic attributes of dried black rice revealed that the process was endothermic and non-spontaneous. Gallic acid, kaempferol, and cyanidin 3-glucoside were present in high concentrations in phenolics, flavonoids, and anthocyanins, respectively. The HS-SPME-GC-MS investigation detected and quantified 55 volatile compounds. The US-treated SeGBR had more volatile compounds, which may stimulate the release of more flavorful substances. The scanning electronic micrograph shows that the US-treated samples absorbed high water through several micro-cavities. Selenium concentration was significantly higher in US-treated samples at 50 °C than in control samples. In conclusion, ultrasound-assisted hot-air drying accelerated drying and improved SeGBR quality, which is crucial for the food industry and global promotion of this healthiest rice variety.

Varieties and standards of Corydalis medicinal plants / 中国中药杂志

Through literature research and standard retrieval, Corydalis-derived medicinal materials, the origins, and related standards were summarized. Finally, 27 medicinal materials were screened out, involving 71 species(varieties). Among them, only 11 are recorded in Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2020), National Standard for Chinese Patent Drugs·Tibetan Medicine, Tibetan Medicine Standards, and other local standards, including Corydalis Bungeanae Herba and Corydalis Herba. The names and original plants of the medicinal materials are different in different standards, and the phenomena of "same medicinal material with different names" and "same name for different medicinal materials" are prominent. Most standards only include the traits, microscopic identification, and physico-chemical property identification, with unsound quality criteria. Thus, efforts should be made to strengthen the sorting of Corydalis medicinal plants, herbal textual research, and investigation of the resources and utilization. Moreover, via modern techniques, the chemical components and medicinal material basis of different original plants should be explored and sound quality standards should be established to improve the safety and quality of Corydalis-derived medicinal materials. Summarizing Corydalis medicinal plants, Corydalis-derived medicinal materials, and related standards, this study is expected to provide a reference for the standard formulation, quality evaluation, expansion of drug sources, and rational development and utilization of Corydalis resources.

Herbal Textual Research on Local Varieties of Codonopsis Radix / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Codonopsis Radix， one of the bulk commodities， has been commonly used for tonification in clinical practice. Apart from the medicinal purpose， it can also be utilized as food. Among the multiple local varieties， the ones called "Luduiduoji" in Tibetan medicine cannot be neglected， which have frequently been adopted for diminishing inflammation and swelling， invigorating spleen and stomach， and tonifying Qi， etc. Considering its complex origins and frequent substitution by or confusion with other medicinal materials， this paper reviewed the Si Bu Yi Dian， Jingzhu Bencao， ministerial and local standards， modern literature on Tibetan medicine， and the results of field investigation in major Tibetan medicine hospitals and medicinal material markets of Sichuan， Qinghai and Tibet to figure out the name， original plants， medicinal parts， effects， and local varieties of Codonopsis Radix in Tibetan medicine. The results showed that the names of local varieties were diverse， many of which were transliterated into Tibetan， with "Luduiduoji" being most well-known. It was derived from 14 species in genus Codonopsis and one in Adenophora of family Campanulaceae， with Codonopsis foetens subsp. nervosa， C. thalictrifolia var. mollis， C. canescens， C. alpina， and C. pilosula being the main species. According to literature records， the roots， aerial parts， and whole plants could all be employed as medicine， but there were certain differences in their clinical applications. At present， in order to protect the medicinal resources， Tibetan medical workers mostly collect the aerial parts， which are applicable to patients with yellow water， rheumatism， Gamba disease， and leprosy. This literature review of local varieties for Codonopsis Radix and textual research on their original plants are of great significance for elevating the standard， accelerating the pharmacodynamic research， expanding the sources and promoting the rational use of Codonopsis Radix.

Effect of Modified Shiquan Dabutang on Inflammatory and Bone Metabolism Indexes in Elderly Patients with Osteoporotic Intertrochanteric Fractures Due to Qi and Blood Deficiency / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To explore the application value of modified Shiquan Dabutang in the treatment of elderly patients with osteoporotic intertrochanteric fractures （OIFs） due to Qi and blood deficiency by observing its impacts on inflammatory and bone metabolism indexes. Method:Ninety-eight elderly patients admitted to our hospital for OIFs of Qi and blood deficiency syndrome from April 2018 to April 2020 were randomized into an observation group （<italic>n</italic>=49） and a control group （<italic>n</italic>=49）. Following the proximal femoral nail antirotation （PFNA） fixation， patients in the control group were treated with Guipiwan， while those in the observation group received the modified Shiquan Dabutang. The clinical efficacy， inflammatory and bone metabolism indexes， and complications were compared between the two groups after four weeks of treatment. Result:The levels of such serum indexes as fibroblast growth factor-2 （FGF-2）， osteoprotegerin （OPG）， transforming growth factor-<italic>β</italic>₁ （TGF-<italic>β</italic>₁）， <italic>β</italic>-endorphin （<italic>β</italic>-EP）， bone-specific alkaline phosphatase （BALP）， and osteocalcin （BGP） in the observation group after treatment were significantly elevated as compared with those in the control group （<italic>P</italic><0.05）， whereas the serum tumor necrosis factor-<italic>α</italic> （TNF-<italic>α</italic>） and <italic>D</italic>-dimer （<italic>D</italic>-D） declined （<italic>P</italic><0.05）. The TCM symptom score in the observation group after treatment was obviously lower than that in the control group， while the Harris Hip Score （HHS） was higher （<italic>P</italic><0.05）. The overall response rate of the observation group was 93.88% （46/49）， higher than 75.51% （37/49） of the control group （<italic>χ²</italic>=6.376， <italic>P</italic><0.05）. The total incidence of incision infection， deep vein thrombosis of lower limbs， and pulmonary infection in the control group was 24.49% （12/49）， significantly higher than 6.12% （3/49） in the observation group （<italic>χ²</italic>=6.607， <italic>P</italic><0.05）. Conclusion:The modified Shiquan Dabutang is able to alleviate inflammation， regulate bone metabolism， promote bone repair， and reduce the incidence of complications in elderly patients with OIFs due to Qi and blood deficiency.

Meta-analysis of efficacy and safety of light therapy combined with sodium hyaluronate in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis / 中国组织工程研究

Background: A large number of studies have confirmed that light therapy combined with sodium hyaluronate has a significant effect on knee osteoarthritis. The combination use is highly safe, but there is still lack of evidence-based evidence. OBJECTIVE: To perform a meta-analysis of light therapy combined with sodium hyaluronate for knee osteoarthritis. METHODS: English databases (PubMed, OVID, EMBASE) and Chinese databases (CNKI, WanFang, VIP, China Biomedical Literature Database) were retrieved by computer for relevant articles regarding randomized controlled trials of light therapy combined with sodium hyaluronate In the treatment of knee osteoarthritis. The search time was from the Inception to July 1, 2019. The quality of the Included studies was evaluated and relevant clinical data In the literature were extracted. The results were analyzed by RevMan 5.3. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: A total of 16 articles were Included, Involving 1 505 patients. The experimental group was treated with light therapy combined with sodium hyaluronate, and the control group was treated with sodium hyaluronate. The meta-analysis results showed that compared with the control group, the experimental group showed higher total clinical effective rate (odds ratio (OR)=4.20, 95% confidence interval (CI) [2.75, 6.39], P < 0.000 01), higher cure rate (OR=2.62, 95%C/[1.78, 3.86], P < 0.000 01), lower visual analogue scale score (mean difference (MD)=-1.51, 95%C/[-2.15, -0.87], P < 0.000 01), and better Lysholm score (MD=13.30, 95%C/[6.82,19.78], P < 0.000 01). There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the experimental and control groups (OR=0.64, 95%С/ [0.25,1.63], P=0.35). Light therapy combined with sodium hyaluronate for knee osteoarthritis has greater advantages than intraarticular injection of sodium hyaluronate alone, with high efficacy and safety. However, further Investigations with high-quality and large sample size randomized controlled studies are still warranted.

Clinicopathological features and prognosis analysis of the obstructive colorectal cancer / 中华消化外科杂志

Objective To explore the clinicopathological features and prognosis of the obstructive colorectal cancer (CRC).Methods The retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted.The clinicopathological data of 667 CRC patients who were admitted to the Beijing Friendship Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University between January 2013 and December 2015 were collected.The diagnosis and treatment of CRC patients were based on colon cancer and rectal cancer clinical practice guidelines in oncology(Version 2013) of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) and the 7th edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) cancer staging manual and the future of TNM.CRC and clinical staging were confirmed by colonoscopy,biopsy pathology and CT or MRI examination.Patients selected laparoscopic surgery or open surgery according to their conditions,and then selectively underwent postoperative adjuvant therapy based on the results of pathological examination.Observation indicators:(1) diagnosis and treatment;(2) clinicopathological features;(3) prognosis.Follow-up using outpatient examination and telephone interview was performed to detect postoperative overall and tumor-free survivals up to April,2017.Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as (x)±s and comparison between groups was analyzed using the t test.Count data were described as case and percentage,comparisons between groups were evaluated with the chi-square test.Ordinal data were analyzed using the nonparametric test.Results (1) Diagnosis and treatment:tumor locations of 677 patients:tumors located in the right hemicolon,left hemicolon and rectum were respectively detected in 213,312 and 142 patients.Preoperative clinical staging:3,47,300,298 and 19 patients were respectively detected in stage 0,Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ.Ninety-nine patients were complicated with intestinal obstruction,with an obstructive rate of 14.84％ (99/667),and 568 patients didn't have intestinal obstruction.Treatments of 667 patients:① Preoperative adjuvant treatment:17 non-obstructive CRC patients underwent preoperative adjuvant treatments and 650 didn't undergo preoperative adjuvant treatment.② Surgical treatment:389 and 278 patients underwent respectively open and laparoscopic surgeries,and 588 received radical resection and 79 received non-radical resection.(2) Clinicopathological features:of 99 obstructive CRC patients,tumors located in the right hemicolon,left hemicolon and rectum were respectively detected in 26,61 and 12 patients.Eighteen and 81 patients underwent respectively laparoscopic and open surgeries,including 21 with low-differentiated tumors,61 with moderate-differentiated tumors and 17 with high-differentiated tumors;71 patients received radical resection,with a number of lymph node dissected of 12±9,and 37,20 and 14 were respectively detected in stage N0,N1 and N2.Of 568 non-obstructive CRC patients,tumors located in the right hemicolon,left hemicolon and rectum were respectively detected in 187,251 and 130 patients.Two hundred and sixty and 308 patients underwent respectively laparoscopic and open surgeries,including 38 with low-differentiated tumors,420 with moderate-differentiated tumors and 110 with high-differentiated tumors;517 patients received radical resection,with a number of lymph node dissected of 15±8,and 338,155 and 24 were respectively detected in stage N0,N1 and N2.There were statistically significant differences in above indicators between obstructive CRC and non-obstructive CRC patients(x2=11.234,46.505,30.088,Z=-2.782,t=2.942,Z=-2.892,P＜0.05).(3) Prognosis:of 667 patients,584 were followed up for 18-52 months,with a median time of 36 months,including 88 with obstructive CRC (1,5,23,28 and 31patients were respectively in stage 0,Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ) and 469 with non-obstructive CRC (5,62,212,116 and 101 patients were respectively in stage 0,Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ).During the follow-up,56 obstructive CRC patients survived,including 1 in stage 0,4 in stage Ⅰ,15 in stage Ⅱ,17 in stage Ⅲ and 19 in stage Ⅳ,with an overall survival rate of 63.64％ (56/88),and overall survival rates in stage 0,Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ were respectively 1/1,4/5,65.22％(15/23),60.71％(17/28) and 61.29％ (19/31);38 had tumor-free survival,including 1 in stage 0,4 in stage Ⅰ,15 in stage Ⅱ,13 in stage Ⅲ and 5 in stage Ⅳ,with a tumor-free survival rate of 43.18％(38/88),and tumor-free survival rates in stage 0,Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ were respectively 1/1,4/5,65.22％ (15/23),46.43％ (13/28),16.13％ (5/31).Four hundred and forty-three non-obstructive CRC patients survived,including 5 in stage 0,58 in stage Ⅰ,181 in stage Ⅱ,106 in stage Ⅲ and 93 in stage Ⅳ,with an overall survival rate of 89.31％(443/496),and overall survival rates in stage 0,Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ were respectively 5/5,93.55％ (58/62),85.38％ (181/212),91.38％ (106/116) and 92.08％ (93/101);384patients had tumor-free survival,including 5 in stage 0,52 in stage Ⅰ,166 in stage Ⅱ,94 in stage Ⅲ and 67 in stage Ⅳ,with a tumor-free survival rate of 77.42％ (384/496),and tumor-free survival rates in stage 0,Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ were respectively 5/5,83.87％ (52/62),78.30％ (166/212),81.03％ (94/116) and 66.34％ (67/101).There were statistically significant differences in overall survival rate and tumor-free survival rate between obstructive CRC and non-obstructive CRC patients (x2 =39.626,43.707,P＜ 0.05).The subgroup analysis:there were statistically significant differences in stage Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ overall survival rates between obstructive CRC and non-obstructive CRC patients (x2 =6.092,17.027,11.268,P＜0.05) and in stage Ⅲ and Ⅳ tumor-free survival rates (x2 =14.148,24.116,P＜ 0.05).Conclusion The obstructive CRC commonly locates in the left hemicolon,with complex clinicopathological features and low-differentiated tumors,meanwhile,there are lower radical rate and poor prognosis.

Clinical Analysis of 11 Cases of Adefovir Dipivoxil-induced Renal Hypophosphatemia and Osteomalacia / 中国药师

Objective: To analyze the clinical characteristics of hypophosphatemic osteomalacia induced by adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) in order to improve the understanding of the disease.Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed according to the medical records of 11 cases of ADV-induced hypophosphatemic osteomalacia.The medical history, laboratory indicators (ALT, AST, ALB, SCr, UA, blood glucose, blood pH, BE), bone metabolic markers (25OHD3, PTH, tP1NP, β-CTX, OC), urine indicators (urine pH, 24h urine Ca, 24h urine P, 24h urine Pro, urine Scr), DXA and skeleton ECT signs of the patients with hypophosphatemic osteomalacia induced by ADV were analyzed, and the symptoms, blood P, AKP level and urine routines were followed up after 1-month withdrawal and in July, 2016, respectively.Results: The mean ADV administration time of the 11 patients was (5.7±1.2) years, and the bone pain time was (2.2±0.6) years.The serum P was (0.45±0.99)mmol·L-1, 24h urine P was (17.9±4.8)mmol, AKP was (248±107)IU·L-1,the concentration threshold of renal phosphate was(0.31±0.10)mmol·L-1.After the one-month withdrawal of ADV, the bone pain in the patients were all relieved, and with the phosphorus supplement, the level of serum phosphorus was increased.In July of 2016, the average withdrawal time of ADV was (18.3±10.7) months, the serum phosphorus significantly increased and AKP significantly decreased when compared with that on the admission and 1 month after the ADV withdrawal (P<0.05), and the serum phosphorus of 2 patients returned to normal with the recovery rate of 20% (2/10).The regression analysis showed that the influencing factors on serum phosphorus on the admission were renal concentration threshold of phosphate and tP1NP (P<0.05);the influencing factor on serum phosphorus on the last follow-up was bone mineral density at the admission (P<0.05).Conclusion: Hypophosphatemic osteomalacia is a potential side effect of ADV, and ADV-induced renal injury is not completely reversible, which should be paid more attention in clinical work.

Lycopene attenuates angiotensin II induced oxidative stress in H9c2 cells / 中华心血管病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of Lycopene (Lyc) on Ang II induced oxidative stress in H9c2 cell line derived from rat cardiac tissue,and to explore related mechanisms.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>H9c2 cells were divided into 6 groups: control group, Ang II group (1 µmol/L), Ang II (1 µmol/L) + low dose Lyc (3.125 nmol/L) group, Ang II (1 µmol/L) + moderate dose Lyc (6.25 nmol/L) group and Ang II (1 µmol/L) + high dose Lyc (12.5 nmol/L) group and Lyc group (12.5 nnmol/L). Cell growth was determined by CCK8 assay, ROS generation was detected using a Microplate reader and Fluorescence microscopy, the expression of NOX2 was determined by Western blot, mRNA expression of p47(phox), SOD1 and SOD2 were determined by Real Time-PCR, MDA was detected by ELISA kit.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared to control group,cell survival was significantly reduced and ROS generation was significantly increased post Ang II stimulation,cotreatment with Lyc significantly improved cell survival and reduced ROS generation in a dose-dependent manner (all P < 0.01). mRNA expression of SOD1 and SOD2 was significantly downregulated while MDA concentration was significantly increased in Ang II treated cells, which could be significantly reversed by cotreatment with Lyc in a dose dependent manner (all P < 0.01). Protein expression of NOX2 and mRNA expression of p47(phox) were significantly upregulated post Ang II and which could be significantly downregulated by cotreatment with Lyc in a dose-dependent manner (all P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Lyc could attenuate Ang II induced oxidative stress and this effect is linked with its capacity of reducing ROS generation and enhancing cellular ROS scavenging ability in H9c2 cells.</p>

[Effect of triptolide on iNOS and SP expressions in spinal dorsal horn and dorsal root ganglion of rats with adjuvant arthritis].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the analgesic effect of triptolide (TP) of high, middle and low doses on rats with adjuvant arthritis (AA), and the expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and substance P (SP) in spinal dorsal horn and dorsal root ganglion (DRG) of corresponding sections, in order to discuss the possible mechanism for the analgesic effect of TP on rats with adjuvant arthritis. METHOD: Fifty SD rats were selected and randomly divided into the normal group (group A), the model group (group B), and TP low (group C), middle (group D), high (group E) dose groups. Except for the group A, all of the remaining groups were injected with 0.1 mL of Freund's complete adjuvant through their right rear toes to establish the model. At 14 d after the model establishment, rats in C, D and E groups were intraperitoneally injected with different doses of TP (0.1 mg x kg(-1) for the group C, 0.2 mg x kg(-1) for the group D, 0.4 mg x kg(-1) for the group E) once a day for 9 days. Then the 50% mechanical withdraw threshold (MWT) was determined. And the expressions of iNOS and SP in lumbar5 (L5) spinal dorsal horn and DRG were detected with the immunohistochemical method. RESULT: The 50% MWT of rats in the group B was significantly lower than that of the group A (P < 0.01). After being treated with TP, the Thermal withdrawal latencies of groups C, D and E were significantly higher than that of the group B (P < 0.01). TP could notably increase the MWT of AA rats, with a certain dose-effect relationship. The immunohistochemical results indicated that the iNOS and SP expressions significantly increased in the group B (P < 0.01), while the positive expression levels of iNOS and SP in groups C, D and E were significantly lower than that of the group B (P < 0.01), with a certain dose-effect relationship. CONCLUSION: TP shows a good analgesic effect on AA, and could inhibit the iNOS and SP expressions in spinal dorsal horn and DRG in rats with adjuvant arthritis, which may be one of action mechanisms for the analgesic effect of TP.

Progress of berberine for treatment of type 2 diabetes / 中国中药杂志

Berberine is the major component of Coptidis Rhizoma and it has been used as anti-infection, anti-inflammation drug for gastrointestinal diseases. In recent years, evidence showed that it could regulate glucose and lipid metabolism. Moreover, its activity had been tested by clinical trials and animal researches. The mechanisms of berberine in diabetes include: improving the function of beta-cell; prompting insulin secretion and islets regeneration, lowing lipid level, regulating glucose and lipid metabolic by influence transcriptional factors expression such as PPARgamma, C/EBPalpha, SREBP-1c, LXR, having the activities of anti-oxidation and inhibiting reductase to repress oxidative stress state and regulate metabolic signal pathway. Although numbers of data supported that berberine could improving insulin resistance by clinical trials and animal studies, the large scale, multicenter clinical trials are needed to evaluate the effects of berberine for diabetes and its complications in the time of evidence-based medicine.

HPLC fingerprint and pattern recognition of Deng's Herbal Tea Granula / 中草药

Objective: To establish a method for the quality control of Deng's Herbal Tea Granula. Methods: An HPLC method was developed to establish the fingerprint of Deng's Herbal Tea Granula methanol extract and 11 samples from various batches were analyzed. Furthermore, principal component analysis (PCA) was used to investigate pattern recognition. Results: The similarity among 11 batches of samples was no less than 0.95. The PCA showed that 16 common peaks were integrated into three principal components and their accumulation contributing rate amounted to 91.89%. The relative peak area of isochlorogenic acid B was the most effective index in fingerprint of Deng's Herbal Tea Granula. Conclusion: This method is available for the quality evaluation and quality control of Deng's Herbal Tea Granula.

Try to talk about characteristics of Canggong in collection of medical records and the train of thought in diagnosis and treatment of acupuncture and moxibustion / 中国针灸

Textual researches of the origin of medical records indicate that the medical workers in the Qin and Han periods had definite purpose for collection of medical records and show important position of Records of the Historian in developing history of medical records. Analysis on concrete medical records indicates that medical records of acupuncture and moxibustion in Zhenji in writing also formed a certain style and reflected doctors' some trains of thought in clinical diagnosis and treatment of acupuncture and moxibustion.

Sesquiterpenes from stems and leaves of Curcuma wenyujin / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the chemical constituents of the stem and leaves from Curcuma wenyujin.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The compounds were isolated by silica gel column chromatography in associating with Sephadex LH -20 chromatography. While their structures were identified on the basis of spectroscopic date.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Nine sesquiterpenes were isolated and identified. Their structures were identified as curdione (1), neocurdione (2), trans, trans-germacrone (3), cis, trans-germacrone (4), curcumenone (5), curcumadione (6), isoprocurcumenol (7), glechomanolide (8) and (1R, 10R)-( -)-1, 10-dihydrocurdione (9).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>All of these compounds were isolated from the stems and leaves of this plant for the first time.</p>

Analysis on characteristics of medical records of acupuncture and moxibustion in Zhenjiu Dacheng / 中国针灸

The 29 medical records about acupuncture and moxibustion in Zhenjiu Dacheng are involved in the internal, surgical, gynecological, pediatric and five sense organs diseases and symptoms. Analysis on characteristics of these medical records and absorbing experiences of predecessors can better guide clinical application. Analysis of results indicates that these medical records have the characteristics of combination of acupuncture, moxibustion and medicine, less and better point selection, and stressing reinforcing-reducing of manipulation, at the same time, it reflects YANG's train of thought in clinical diagnosis and treatment of acupuncture and moxibustion.

Effect of Yangqixue Qufengshi Recipe on rheumatoid arthritis model mice under different genetic backgrounds / 中国结合医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effect of Yangqixue Qufengshi Recipe (YQXQFS) on rheumatoid arthritis (RA) model mice under different genetic backgrounds.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Collagen Induced Arthritis (CIA) were established on HLA-DR4 transgenic (TG) mice and non-transgenic (NTG) mice, which partly were raised with YQXQFS, and the onset day of CIA, the level of type II collagen (CII)-reactive antibodies and the pathological scores of CIA were assessed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Under HLA-DR4 TG background (compared with NTG mice), the earlier onset day of CIA (11.22 +/- 3.35 days vs 16.56 +/- 4.75 days, P < 0.05) and higher level of CII-reactive antibodies (0.2274 +/- 0.1390 microg/ml vs 0.1101 +/- 0.0560 microg/ml, P < 0.05) were observed, but the pathological scores of CIA remained unchanged. YQXQFS could not influence the onset day of CIA and the level of CII-reactive antibodies, but had a certain effect on the total pathological scores (6.56 +/- 3.43 scores vs 11.11 +/- 5.64 scores) and bone erosion (0.22 +/- 0.44 scores vs 1.67 +/- 1.50 scores) of CIA on NTG mice (P < 0.05), NTG YQXQFS group compared with NTG experimental group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>YQXQFS had a certain effect on RA model, but had no significant effect on HLA-DR4 related CIA.</p>

Binding model construction of antifungal 2-aryl-4-chromanones using CoMFA, CoMSIA, and QSAR analyses.

Flavonoids, generated by plants upon attack by a range of pathogens, are demonstrated to have a role in biotic and abiotic stress response phenomena in plants, and there is increasing evidence for the antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral activities of these compounds. Using the bioisosterism strategy, a series of 2-aryl-4-chromanone derivatives based upon the structure of flavanones, a kind of flavonoid phytoalexins, were synthesized and tested for the antifungal activity against Pyricularia grisea, which have been reported in our previous papers. To further explore the comprehensive structure-activity relationship and construct the binding model for the antifungal compounds, two kinds of molecular field analysis techniques, comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) and comparative molecular similarity indices analysis (CoMSIA), were performed following a Hansch-Fujita QSAR study. Superimpositions were performed using three alignment rules, that is, centroid-based alignment, common substructure-based alignment, and field fit alignment, and statistically reliable models with good predictive power (CoMFA r(2) = 0.952, q(2) = 0.727; CoMSIA r(2) = 0.965, q(2) = 0.751) were achieved on the basis of the common substructure-based alignment. The combined results of CoMFA, CoMSIA, and former Hansch-Fujita QSAR analyses resulted in comprehensive understanding about the structure-activity relationships, which led to this construction of a plausible binding model of the title compounds.

Chemical constituents from the mangrove plant Ceriops tagal / 药学学报

<p><b>AIM</b>To investigate the secondary metabolites of the mangrove plant Ceriops tagal.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Column chromatography techniques including HPLC were used for the separation and purification, and extensive spectral analysis including various 2D NMR spectra were employed for structure elucidation.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Nine compounds, namely, tagalsins A (1), ent-5alpha-dolabr-4 (18) -ene-15S,16-diol (2), squalene (3), betulinic acid (4), lup-20 (29) -en-3-on-28-oic acid (5), betulin (6), lup-20 (29) -en-3-on-28-ol (7), beta-sitosterol (8), n-hexacosanylferulate (9) were obtained. Of which 1 and 2 belong to dolabrane diterpene.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Compound 1 is a new compound, and 2 to 9 are isolated from this species for the first time.</p>

[Influence of triptolide on neuronal apoptosis in rat with cerebral injury after focal ischemia reperfusion].

OBJECTIVE: To study effect of triptolide (TL) on neuronal apoptosis in cerebral tissue of rat after ischemia-reperfusion. METHOD: Triptolide at dose 0.2 or 0.4 mg x kg(-1) was intraperitoneally injected once a day for 4 d. The focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion model was established with thread embolism in middle artery before triptolide injection on the fourth day. Neurological deficit score of rats was evaluated; and immunohistochemical techniques were used to count positive cells of express of MPO and TUNEL in cerebraltissue. RESULT: Compared with the control group, the deficit of neural function was significantly improved, and the number of infiltrate of neutrophil and neuronal apoptosis in cerebral tissue was remarkably reduced in two TL-treated groups. CONCLUSION: The results suggested that TL can inhibit infiltration of neutrophil and decrease the degree of neuronal apoptosis in cerebral tissue.