A comprehensive assessment of photosynthetic acclimation to shade in C4 grass (Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.).

BACKGROUND: Light deficit in shaded environment critically impacts the growth and development of turf plants. Despite this fact, past research has predominantly concentrated on shade avoidance rather than shade tolerance. To address this, our study examined the photosynthetic adjustments of Bermudagrass when exposed to varying intensities of shade to gain an integrative understanding of the shade response of C4 turfgrass. RESULTS: We observed alterations in photosynthetic pigment-proteins, electron transport and its associated carbon and nitrogen assimilation, along with ROS-scavenging enzyme activity in shaded conditions. Mild shade enriched Chl b and LHC transcripts, while severe shade promoted Chl a, carotenoids and photosynthetic electron transfer beyond QA- (ET0/RC, φE0, Ψ0). The study also highlighted differential effects of shade on leaf and root components. For example, Soluble sugar content varied between leaves and roots as shade diminished SPS, SUT1 but upregulated BAM. Furthermore, we observed that shading decreased the transcriptional level of genes involving in nitrogen assimilation (e.g. NR) and SOD, POD, CAT enzyme activities in leaves, even though it increased in roots. CONCLUSIONS: As shade intensity increased, considerable changes were noted in light energy conversion and photosynthetic metabolism processes along the electron transport chain axis. Our study thus provides valuable theoretical groundwork for understanding how C4 grass acclimates to shade tolerance.

Association of Thyroid Autoantibodies with Diabetic Nephropathy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients.

Background: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most common and severe complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Thyroid dysfunction has been associated with diabetes and its complications but the relationship between thyroid autoantibodies and T2DM-DN remains unclear. Objective: The study aims to investigate the association between thyroid autoantibodies and diabetic nephropathy in patients with T2DM and analyze the expression of serum thyroid hormone levels in T2DM-DN patients and its prognostic value. Methods: 117 patients with T2DM who visited our hospital from December 2020 to December 2022 were recruited and assigned to group A (65 patients with T2DM-DN) and group B (52 patients with T2DM without DN). Serum TH levels of patients with DN and normal diabetic patients were analyzed, and the prognosis of patients was evaluated. Results: The results demonstrated that compared to group B, group A had higher serum cystatin C (cysC), serum creatinine (SCr), thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb), and urinary microalbumin/creatinine (UACR) levels, while the levels of free triiodothyronine (FT3), albumin (ALB), and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were lower (P < .05). FT3 in group A2 was inferior to that in group A0 and group A1 (P < .05). After correction, the results demonstrated that the level of thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) in group A1 was superior to that in group A0 (P < .05). The positive rates of TPOAb (20%) and TgAb (23.08%) in patients with T2DM-DN were drastically superior to those in patients with T2DM without DN. Among the independent risk factors for DN, the OR of positive TPOAb was 8.125. Conclusion: The level and positive rate of thyroid autoantibodies in patients with T2DM-DN were high and TPOAb positivity might be a risk factor for the occurrence of T2DM-DN.

Impacts of meteorological parameters on the occurrence of air pollution episodes in the Sichuan basin.

Episodes of fine-particulate matter (PM2.5) pollution are a widespread and common occurrence in China, and have potentially serious implications for human health. Meteorological conditions play an important role in air quality and influence the formation of regional air pollution episodes. This study applied a new classification method and daily PM2.5 concentration data to (a) evaluate different levels of air pollution in the Sichuan-Chongqing region between 2015 and 2017, and (b) investigate their relationships with meteorological parameters including atmospheric boundary layer height, wind speed, temperature inversion, weather type, and atmospheric transport. We identified a total of 40 air pollution episodes, the most severe of which occurred in winter when the atmospheric layer height was low. These heavy pollution events also coincided with low surface (10 m) wind speeds and temperature inversions, weather conditions that generally result from low pressure over the northwestern Sichuan Basin (90-102° E, 28-36° N) and southerly atmospheric transport.

Seasonal to sub-seasonal variations of the Asian Tropopause Aerosols Layer affected by the deep convection, surface pollutants and precipitation.

The Asian Tropopause Aerosols Layer (ATAL) refers to an accumulation of aerosols in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere during boreal summer over Asia, which has a fundamental impact on the monsoon system and climate change. In this study, we primarily analyze the seasonal to sub-seasonal variations of the ATAL and the factors potentially influencing those variations based on MERRA2 reanalysis. The ability of the reanalysis to reproduce the ATAL is well validated by CALIPSO observations from May to October 2016. The results reveal that the ATAL has a synchronous spatiotemporal pattern with the development and movement of the Asian Summer Monsoon. Significant enhancement of ATAL intensity is found during the prevailing monsoon period of July-August, with two maxima centered over South Asia and the Arabian Peninsula. Owing to the fluctuations of deep convection, the ATAL shows an episodic variation on a timescale of 7-12 days. Attribution analysis indicates that deep convection dominates the variability of the ATAL with a contribution of 62.7%, followed by a contribution of 36.6% from surface pollutants. The impact of precipitation is limited. The ATAL further shows a clear diurnal variation: the peak of ATAL intensity occurs from 17:30 to 23:30 local time (LT), when the deep convection becomes strongest; the minimum ATAL intensity occurs around 8:30 LT owing to the weakened deep convection and photochemical reactions in clouds. The aerosol components of the ATAL show different spatiotemporal patterns and imply that black carbon and organic carbon come mainly from India, whereas sulfate comes mainly from China during the prevailing monsoon period.

Effects of dexmedetomidine combined with citrate sufentanil on the prognosis of patients with severe pneumonia and respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation.

To investigate the effects of dexmedetomidine combined with citrate sufentanil on the prognosis of patients with severe pneumonia and respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation. 70 patients with severe pneumonia complicated with respiratory failure who were treated with mechanical ventilation were selected and divided into the combined group and the control group. The control group underwent mechanical ventilation treatment and used dexmedetomidine for sedation and analgesia, while the combined group had sufentanil analgesia in addition to the treatment of the control group. Ramsay sedation score, visual analogue scale (VAS) and pulmonary function indicators were compared between the two groups before treatment, 24h after treatment, and after extubation. After 24h treatment and extubation, the blood oxygen saturation (SpO2), oxygenation index (OI) and arterial oxygen partial pressure (PaO2) in the combined group were higher than those in the control group; at the same time, the serum interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were lower (P<0.05). Mortality during hospitalization of the combined group was lower than the control group (P<0.05). Dexmedetomidine combined with sufentanil citrate can effectively improve sedative and analgesic effects, stress response, pulmonary function and prognosis in patients with severe respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation.

BMP-7 modified exosomes derived from synovial mesenchymal stem cells attenuate osteoarthritis by M2 polarization of macrophages.

Background: Although the exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) display a therapeutic effect on inflammatory diseases, its application on OA has great limitations due to lack of specificity and targeting. The current study aimed to elucidate the potential therapeutic role of bone morphogenetic proteins-7(BMP-7) modified synovial mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes (SMSCs-exo) on OA and mechanism. Methods: For in vitro experiments, LPS-treated macrophages RAW264.7 were treated with SMSCs-exo (exo) or BMP-7 modified SMSCs-exos (BMP-7-exo). The levels of inflammatory factors were assessed by ELISA. Also, the proportion of iNOS and CD206 positive cells were quantified by flow cytometry. Chondrocytes and RAW264.7 were co-culture to evaluate the effects of macrophage polarization on chondrocytes cellular behaviors. This effect on KOA was verified by an experiment in vivo. HE staining and Safranin fast green staining were used to observe the damage of articular cartilage. Immunohistochemistry was used to determine the expression of collagen II and aggrecan in articular cartilage, as well as the expression of iNOS and CD206 in synovial tissues. Results: Our in vitro results showed that BMP-7-exo treatment promoted LPS-induced proliferation of macrophages and chondrocytes, and showed a better ability to reduce inflammation by promoting macrophages M2 polarization. After co-culture with LPS treated macrophages, the proliferation rate and migration of chondrocytes were significantly decreased, while the apoptosis was significantly increased. The macrophages treated with BMP-7-exo and exo partially reversed these changes. The chondrocytes in BMP-7-exo group had higher proliferation rate and migration, as well as lower apoptosis compared with the exo group. Also, the in vivo results showed BMP-7-exo treatment improved the pathological changes of KOA and promoted synovial macrophages M2 polarization. Conclusions: Our results demonstrated that BMP-7-exo attenuated KOA inflammation and cartilage injury by synovial macrophages M2 polarization, suggesting that BMP-7-exo carry much therapeutic potential for OA.

Diversity analysis of agronomic and nutritional traits of hybrid offspring of forage bermudagrass.

Because of its excellent stress resistance and forage quality, the forage bermudagrass hybrid population had attracted the attention of scientific researchers in recent years. Studying its diversity could promote the breeding of desirable varieties. The variability in agronomic traits including fresh weight, dry weight, ash content, crude protein content, crude fat, phosphorus content, and relative feed value for 56 bermudagrass was investigated using Wrangler as an experimental reference. Grey correlation analysis and cluster analysis were employed to screen bermudagrass with high yield and superior quality. WCF-34 had the highest 2-year fresh weight (109,773.3 kg/ha), WCF-37 had the highest 2-year dry weight (31,951.6 kg/ha), WCF-24 had the lowest Ash content (7.46%), WCF-26 had the highest crude protein content (16.27%), WCF-27 had the highest curde fat content (3.58%), WCF-13 had the highest P content (0.45%), and WCF-42 had the highest relative feed value (95.32). Combining the results of grey relational analysis and cluster analysis, WCF-42, WCF-34, WCF-38, WCF-37, and WCF-40 were selected as high-quality bermudagrass. Through comprehensive analysis of the agronomic characters of bermudagrass, five bermudagrass were selected, the outcomes of this study would provide a theoretical basis for the breeding and genetic enhancement of bermudagrass.

Relationship between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Mental Health in Chinese Adolescents: Differences among Girls and Boys.

The negative effects of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) on individual mental health have been widely demonstrated, yet fewer studies have examined the impact of ACEs on depression and anxiety of Chinese adolescents and their sex differences. This cross-sectional study surveyed 12421 adolescents aged 10−17 in Hechi City, Guangxi Province, to measure their levels of ACEs, depression symptoms, and anxiety symptoms. The results found that: (1) Girls were more likely to experience ACEs than boys (37.67% vs. 32.25%, χ2 = 39.97, p < 0.001). (2) Emotion-related ACEs were more likely to occur among girls, while physical maltreatment, violence, and family dysfunction related ACEs were more likely to occur among boys. (3) Adolescents with ACEs were more likely to develop depression (OR = 4.40) and anxiety symptoms (OR = 4.60) than those without ACEs; adolescents who have encountered "peer isolation" and "emotional neglect" are most likely to develop depression (OR = 6.09/5.04) and anxiety symptoms (OR = 6.14/4.94). (4) The dose-response relationship between the level of ACE exposure and the risk of depression/anxiety symptoms was significant (p < 0.05), i.e., the risk increased as ACE level increased. (5) Girls were more likely to develop depression and anxiety symptoms than boys with the same ACE level. This study deepens the understanding of the prevalence of ACEs, the effect of ACEs on depression and anxiety symptoms, and their sex differences among Chinese adolescents in the underdeveloped regions of China. It provides more empirical support for future work on adolescent mental health protection.

The extended day length promotes earlier flowering of bermudagrass.

Day length is a very critical environmental factor affecting plant growth and development. The extension of light application time has been shown to promote flowering in the long-day plant and to shorten breeding time in some crops. However, previous research on the regulation of bermudagrass flowering by light application time is scarce. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of day length on the growth and flowering of bermudagrass by prolonging the light application time in a controlled greenhouse. Three different light application times were set up in the experiment: 22/2 h (22 hours light/2 hours dark), 18/6 h (18 hours light/6 hours dark), 14/10 h (14 hours light/10 hours dark). Results showed that extending the light application time not only promoted the growth of bermudagrass (plant height, fresh weight, dry weight) but also its nutrient uptake (nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P) content). In addition, daily light integrals were different when flowering under different light application times. Most importantly, under the 22/2 h condition, flowering time was successfully reduced to 44 days for common bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon [L.] pers) genotype A12359 and 36 days for African bermudagrass (Cynodon transvaalensis Burtt-Davy) genotype ABD11. This study demonstrated a successful method of bermudagrass flowering earlier than usual time by manipulating light application time which may provide useful insights for bermudagrass breeding.

Photosystem II photochemical adjustment of tall fescue against heat stress after melatonin priming.

High temperature is the key factor restricting the survival of tall fescue. Extreme summer hot events arise from global warming further increases this risk. As a candidate chemical priming agent previously reported, melatonin offers innovative solution to improve heat resistance of plants. However, the mechanistic insight remains ill-defined, especially in PSII photochemical reactions. In this study, we investigated the effect of melatonin priming on photosynthetic electron transport of PS II against heat stress in tall fescue. Results showed that melatonin weakened the electron transfer efficiency of PS II per light reaction center (RC) at donor-side and receptor-side, while increased the number of RC per unit cross-sectional area. The quenching analysis further revealed that the proportion of photochemical quenching, Y(II), increased by melatonin. Considering the enriched chl a and nonevent oxidative damage, we argued that inefficient but more abundant RC introduced by melatonin protected the PSII from oxidative damage under heat stress. Notably, these effects were dependent on melatonin concentration but not temperature, an optimal application concentration (50 µmol/L) was uncovered. Besides, melatonin decreased NPQ and encouraged reverse reaction of the xanthophyll cycle. We proposed that melatonin prevents the production of excessive excitation energy. In brief, melatonin plays a distinctive role in regulating photoelectric conversion of PSII of tall fescue under heat stress, increased its survival rate after heat shock.

The Older, the More Forgiving? Characteristics of Forgiveness of Chinese Older Adults.

This study explores the characteristics of forgiveness in the aging cohorts, which is regarded to be associated with healthy outcomes. Data were drawn from a sample of 308 older adults (aged from 60 to 98 years) who completed the forgiveness questionnaire: forgiving others of The Heartland Forgiveness Scale (HFS) to examine explicit forgiveness, and among the participants, 44 older adults were administrated on the variant single category of implicit association test (SC-IAT) to examine the implicit forgiveness. The results revealed that (1) there is no correlation between explicit forgiveness and implicit forgiveness of older adults. (2) The result of explicit forgiveness is relatively high while that of implicit forgiveness is relatively low. (3) There was no significant correlation between explicit forgiveness and age, but there was significant difference between age groups, as forgiveness tendency of the elderly had a trough in the age group of 70-79 and then rebounded. (4) Implicit forgiveness was significantly correlated with age, and the difference between age groups was marginal. The forgiveness tendency of the elderly over 80 years old was significantly higher than that of the other two age groups. (5) Gender differences are found in both explicit and implicit forgiveness. The findings indicated that (1) explicit and implicit measures in this study have assessed independent and complementary aspects of forgiveness tendency in older adults. (2) Implicit forgiveness falls behind explicit forgiveness, and true internal forgiveness is difficult and rare in older adults according to data analysis. (3) The trend of explicit forgiveness with age is not obvious, because explicit forgiveness in the middle old age group presents an inflection point. However, implicit forgiveness increases slowly with age. (4) Women excel men in scores obtained with both explicit and implicit measures for forgiveness.

Interannual variability of dust height and the dynamics of its formation over East Asia.

The vertical structure of dust layers is rarely investigated, despite its critical role in exploring the radiative and microphysical effects of dust aerosols. In this study, we primarily investigate the temporal variability of most probable dust height (MPDH) over dust source regions in East Asia and its interactions with climate parameters using CALIPSO lidar measurements under cloud-free conditions in spring from 2007 to 2018. The vertical profile of dust aerosols exhibits significant interannual variability over this time; dust is mainly concentrated below 7 km and associated with a dust occurrence frequency (DOF) of 0.6, and the DOF is much higher than that over the Sahara and West Asia. We also found that high Indian Ocean sea surface temperature (SST) significantly contributes to the transport of dust aerosols to downstream areas by changing the circulation field near the equator and in the mid-low latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere, which results in low MPDH over northern China. MPDH is significantly negatively correlated with 500-hPa westerly wind and precipitation, and is positively correlated with surface air temperature (SAT) and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). Furthermore, MPDH is positively correlated with the Arctic Oscillation (AO) and the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO), but negatively correlated with the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). The correlation coefficient between AMO and MPDH is 0.71 after detrending, which indicates that the AMO also plays an important role in the interannual variability of MPDH over East Asia. Furthermore, the Indian Ocean SST is the main influencing factor of the interannual variability of MPDH over northern China, but zonal wind is probably only the intermediate mechanism.

Water-soluble brown carbon in atmospheric aerosols along the transport pathway of Asian dust: Optical properties, chemical compositions, and potential sources.

As an important type of light-absorbing aerosol, brown carbon (BrC) has the potential to affect the atmospheric photochemistry and Earth's energy budget. A comprehensive field campaign was carried out along the transport pathway of Asian dust during the spring of 2016, including a desert site (Erenhot), a rural site (Zhangbei), and an urban site (Jinan), in northern China. Optical properties, bulk chemical compositions, and potential sources of water-soluble brown carbon (WS-BrC) were investigated in atmospheric total suspended particulate (TSP) samples. Samples from Zhangbei had higher mass absorption efficiency at 365 nm (MAE365, 1.32 ± 0.34 m2 g-1) than those from Jinan (1.00 ± 0.23 m2 g-1) and Erenhot (0.84 ± 0.30 m2 g-1). Compere to the non-dust samples, elevated water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) concentrations and MAE365 values of dust samples from Erenhot are related to the input of high molecular weight organic compounds and biogenic matter from the Gobi Desert, while lower values from Zhangbei and Jinan are attributed to the dilution effect caused by strong northwesterly winds. Based on fluorescence excitation-emission matrix spectra and parallel factor analysis, two humic-like (C1 and C2) and two protein-like (C3 and C4) substances were identified. Together, C1 and C2 accounted for ~64% of total fluorescence intensity at the highly polluted urban Jinan site; C3 represented ~45% at the rural Zhangbei site where local biomass burning affects; and C4 contributed ~24% in the desert region (Erenhot) due to dust-sourced biogenic substances. The relative absorptive forcing of WS-BrC compared to black carbon at 300-400 nm was about 31.3%, 13.9%, and 9.2% during non-dust periods at Erenhot, Zhangbei, and Jinan, respectively, highlighting that WS-BrC may significantly affect the radiative balance of Earth's climate system and should be included in radiative forcing models.

A Pilot Study for Forgiveness Intervention in Adolescents With High Trait Anger: Enhancing Empathy and Harmony.

Forgiveness interventions benefit victims' mental health, reduce levels of anger, and promote forgiveness. However, forgiveness interventions are rarely used to improve the offender's anger and mental health, especially in specific situations such as juvenile correctional facilities. The offender is often also a victim, and reducing the offender's excessive anger may prevent or decrease the likelihood of future interpersonal violence. This study examined the effects of forgiveness interventions on anger, forgiveness, empathy, and harmony of juvenile delinquents with high levels of trait anger. Eighteen adolescents with trait anger in a juvenile correctional facility volunteered to participate in group counseling. A pretest-posttest method of quasi-experimental design was used, with 8 participants in the intervention group and 10 in the control group; the intervention group received forgiveness group counseling, and the control group did not. The results revealed that the intervention group had significantly higher scores for forgiveness, empathy, and harmony than the control group, although no significant differences in the scores of state and trait anger were found. The forgiveness intervention had significantly improved the levels of forgiveness toward specific perpetrators of childhood victimization for the juvenile delinquents with high levels of trait anger, raising their levels of empathy and harmony; there was no significant increase in trait anger. The findings indicated that forgiveness intervention provides an effective way to improve the positive mental strength of adolescents with high levels of trait anger.

Alcohol Consumption and Risk for Venous Thromboembolism: A Meta-Analysis of Prospective Studies.

The association between alcohol consumption and venous thromboembolism (VTE) risk has been investigated by various observational studies with inconsistent results. We examined this association by performing a meta-analysis of prospective studies. A comprehensive literature search was carried out in the PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science from its inception to February 2020. Pooled effect estimates were calculated using a random effect model. Ten prospective studies (14 cohorts) were included in this meta-analysis with a total of 441,128 individuals and 10,221 VTE cases. Overall, the highest consumption of alcohol was not associated with the VTE risk compared with the lowest group [relative risk (RR), 0.96 (95% CI, 0.89-1.04), P = 0.293]. No obvious heterogeneity of RRs was observed across these studies (P = 0.249 for heterogeneity, I 2 = 18.8%). Egger's and Begg's tests showed no evidence of publication bias (Egger, P = 0.443; Begg, P = 0.730). In the subgroup analysis by sex, a borderline significant association between alcohol consumption and VTE risk was observed in women [RR, 0.91 (95% CI, 0.82-1.00)]. In the dose-response analysis, we observed a linear decrease in VTE risk with increasing alcohol intake (P = 0.634 for nonlinearity). However, the reduced risk was not statistically significant. In conclusion, the results from this meta-analysis suggest that alcohol intake is not related with the risk of VTE. Further large well-designed cohort studies are warranted to investigate a potential protective role of alcohol against VTE in women.

Dietary inflammatory index and cardiovascular risk and mortality: A meta-analysis of cohort studies.

BACKGROUND: The role of dietary inflammatory index (DII) in cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk and mortality is still controversial. This systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies aimed to evaluate the effect of DII, indicating a pro-inflammatory diet, on the incidence and mortality of CVD. METHODS: A comprehensive literature search of articles published through August 2019 was performed in Medline, EMBASE, and Web of Science. The pooled relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for highest vs lowest DII in relation to CVD risk or mortality were estimated using a DerSimonian and Laird random effects model. The heterogeneity among studies was tested using Cochran's Q test and I statistic. RESULTS: A total of 15 cohort studies were finally included in this meta-analysis. The highest DII score was significantly associated with a higher risk of CVD incidence (RR = 1.41, 95% CI 1.12-1.78) or mortality (RR = 1.31, 95% CI 1.19-1.44), compared with the lowest DII score. There was statistically significant heterogeneity among the studies on the association between DII and CVD mortality (P < .001; I = 70.8%). No obvious heterogeneity was observed among the studies on the association between DII and CVD risk (P = .160; I = 37.0%). In the sensitivity analysis, exclusion of any single study did not materially alter the pooled RRs. CONCLUSION: The present systematic review and meta-analysis indicates that a higher DII score is related to a higher risk of CVD. Further well-designed prospective cohort or trials are warranted to validate our preliminary findings.

Inhibitory effect of 5-Fluorouracil on the proliferation of human osteosarcoma cells in vitro.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the inhibitory effect of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in combination with cisplatin on the proliferation of human osteosarcoma cells in vitro. METHODS: Three groups of human osteosarcoma U2OS cells were cultured in DMEM medium supplemented with the following drugs: 20 µg/mL 5-FU, 50 µg/mL 5-FU and 50 µg/mL 5-FU in combination with 0.5 mg/L cisplatin. After culture at 24, 48 and 72 h, the inhibition of proliferation rate of U2OS cells was calculated by CCK-8 cell kit. Cell invasiveness was assessed by Transwell assay. Flow cytometry was used for monitoring the cell apoptosis. RESULTS: 5-FU inhibited the growth of osteosarcoma cells, and the results of different concentrations of 5-FU were significantly different. The growth of U2OS cells decreased significantly within 24-72 h, and the concentration of 5-FU increased with time. The inhibition of the shift was more obvious, and the combined drug inhibition was significantly higher than the 20µg/ml 5-FU Group, 0.5mg/L Cisplatin Group and 50µg/ml 5-FU Group. After 72 h, the mean inhibitory rates of 20 µg/mL 5-FU, 50 µg/mL 5-FU, 50 µg/ml 5-FU in combination with 0.5 mg/L cisplatin, and 0.5 mg/L cisplatin were 12.54±1.26%, 22.17±0.59%, 32.54±1.25%, 20.84±0.83% respectively, and the difference was significant (p<0.05). Results of cell invasion assay showed that after culturing for 48 h, the mean number of cells penetrating the membrane was 22.84±5.27 in the culture group of 0.5 mg/L cisplatin, 30.57±5.68 in the culture group of 20 µg/mL 5-FU, 18.68±4.88 in the culture group of 50 µg/mL 5-FU, and 9.84±3.64 in the culture group of 50 µg/mL 5-FU in combination with 0.5 mg/L cisplatin, respectively, and 72.00±7.52 in the control group, showing statistical differences in each group (p<0.05). The apoptosis of the control group was significantly lower than that of the other groups (p<0.05). Apoptosis rate of the 20µg/mL 5-FU group was significantly lower than that of the 0.5mg/L cisplatin group, the 50µg/mL 5-FU group and the 50 µg/ml 5-FU group in combination with 0.5mg/L cisplatin (p<0.05). There was no difference in apoptosis between 0.5mg/L cisplatin and 50µg/mL 5-FU group (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: 5-FU in combination with cisplatin exerts an inhibitory effect on the proliferation and invasion of human osteosarcoma cells in vitro, and can promote cell apoptosis.

The effect of diabetes on the risk and mortality of acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome: A meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: The role of pre-existing diabetes in acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS) is still controversial. This systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies aimed to evaluate the effect of diabetes on the risk and mortality of ALI/ARDS. METHODS: A comprehensive literature search was performed in PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trails and Web of Science for their inception to September 2018. Summary risk estimates were calculated with a DerSimonian and Laird random-effects model. Heterogeneity was evaluated using Cochran chi-square test and the I statistic. RESULTS: Ultimately, 14 studies with a total of 6613 ALI/ARDS cases were included. The risk of ALI/ARDS was not significantly reduced in diabetes patients (OR 0.82, 95% CI 0.57-1.18, P = .283), with obvious heterogeneity across studies (I = 72.5%, P < .001). Further analyses in the meta-analysis also showed no statistically significant associations between pre-existing diabetes and in-hospital mortality (OR 0.79, 95% CI 0.51-1.21, P = .282) or 60-day mortality of ALI/ARDS (OR 0.91, 95% CI 0.75-1.11, P = .352). CONCLUSION: This systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies indicates that pre-existing diabetes have no effect on the risk and mortality of ALI/ARDS.

Effects of SI and PCV on respiratory mechanics, early central drive and hemodynamics in patients with ARDS.

Effects of sustained inflation (SI) and pressure- controlled ventilation (PCV) on respiratory mechanics, early central drive, and hemodynamics in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) were investigated and compared. A retrospective analysis of 26 patients with ARDS, who were admitted to the Yiwu Central Hospital from March 2015 to March 2016, was performed. According to the ventilation method adopted by the patients with ARDS, 13 patients who received SI treatment were included in the SI group and 13 patients who received PCV treatment were included in the PCV group. The condition of central drive of the patients in the two groups was recorded and calculated continuously before and after recruitment maneuver (RM), the changes of each indicator of the respiratory function and hemodynamics were recorded and calculated before and after RM at 1, 10, 20 and 30 min. The differences were not statistically significant when comparing PIP, Pplate and Crs in patients in the SI group and the PCV group before RM with those after RM at 1, 10, 20 and 30 min (P>0.05), the differences were not statistically significant when comparing heart rate and mean arterial pressure in patients in the SI group and the PCV group before RM with those after RM at 1, 10, 20 and 30 min (P>0.05). Ηowever, central venous pressure in patients in the SI group after RM at 10 and 20 min was significantly higher than that in the PCV group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). VT/RMS, VE/RMS and ΔPdi/RMS in the SI group and the PCV group after RM were significantly higher than those before RM, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). There was little difference in the effect between SI and PCV on respiratory mechanics, early central drive and hemodynamics in patients with ARDS, and both mechanical ventilation methods enhanced the effect of central-mechanical-ventilation coupling after RM. Therefore, the two mechanical ventilation methods, SI and PCV, were equally available for patients with ARDS.

The relationship between serum fibrinogen-like protein 2 concentrations and 30-day mortality of patients with traumatic brain injury.

BACKGROUND: Fibrinogen-like protein 2 (FGL2) is an inflammatory procoagulant protein. We discerned the impact of serum FGL2 on trauma severity and 30-day mortality in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). METHODS: A total of 114 severe TBI patients were subjected to assessment of trauma severity using the Glasgow coma scale (GCS). Measurement of the serum concentrations of FGL2 was done. 114 matched control subjects for their age and sex were included for comparison of serum concentration of FGL2. RESULTS: The concentration of FGL2 was dramatically increased in the patients as compared with the control subjects. FGL2 concentration was inversely correlated with GCS score among the patients. The non-survivors within 30 days exhibited substantially higher FGL2 concentrations than the alive. FGL2 concentrations discriminated the patients at risk of 30-day death with significantly high area under receiver operating characteristic curve. Serum FGL2 emerged as an independent predictor for mortality and overall survival at 30 days after head trauma. CONCLUSIONS: Serum FGL2 is a promising biomarker for assessing the severity and prognosis in severe TBI.