RESUMEN
A novel actinobacterial strain, designated AGMB00827T, was isolated from swine faeces. Strain AGMB00827T was obligately anaerobic, Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, non-spore-forming and rod-shaped bacterium. Comparative analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene and whole genome sequence revealed that strain AGMB00827T was affiliated to the genus Collinsella, and was most closely related to Collinsella vaginalis Marseille-P2666T (= KCTC 25056T). Biochemical analysis showed strain AGMB00827T was negative for catalase and oxidase. Interestingly, strain AGMB00827T possessed urease activity, which was determined by traditional methods (API test and Christensen's urea medium), unlike related strains. Furthermore, the major cellular fatty acids (> 10%) of the isolate were C18:1 ω9c, C16:0, C16:0 DMA and C18:2 ω9,12c DMA. Based on the whole genome sequence analysis, the DNA G + C content of strain AGMB00827T was 52.3%, and the genome size and numbers of rRNA and tRNA genes were 1,945,251 bp, 3 and 46, respectively. The average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain AGMB00827T and C. vaginalis KCTC 25056 T were 71.0 and 23.2%, respectively. Additionally, the genome analysis revealed that strain AGMB00827T possesses urease gene cluster including ureABC and ureDEFG while the related strains do not have those genes, which is consistent with the urease activity. On the basis of polyphasic taxonomic approach, strain AGMB00827T represents a novel species within the genus Collinsella, for which the name Collinsella urealyticum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is AGMB00827T (= KCTC 25287T = GDMCC 1.2724T).
Asunto(s)
Ácidos Grasos , Ureasa , Animales , Porcinos , Filogenia , Ureasa/genética , ARN Ribosómico 16S/genética , ADN Bacteriano/genética , Ácidos Grasos/análisis , Heces/microbiología , Técnicas de Tipificación Bacteriana , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , Fosfolípidos/análisisRESUMEN
The catalytic function of lysyl hydroxylase-2 (LH2), a member of the Fe(II)/αKG-dependent oxygenase superfamily, is to catalyze the hydroxylation of lysine to hydroxylysine in collagen, resulting in stable hydroxylysine aldehyde-derived collagen cross-links (HLCCs). Reports show that high amounts of LH2 lead to the accumulation of HLCCs, causing fibrosis and specific types of cancer metastasis. Some members of the Fe(II)/αKG-dependent family have also been reported to have intramolecular O2 tunnels, which aid in transporting one of the required cosubstrates into the active site. While LH2 can be a promising target to combat these diseases, efficacious inhibitors are still lacking. We have used computational simulations to investigate a series of 44 small molecules as lead compounds for LH2 inhibition. Tunneling analyses indicate the existence of several intramolecular tunnels. The lengths of the calculated O2-transporting tunnels in holoenzymes are relatively longer than those in the apoenzyme, suggesting that the ligands may affect the enzyme's structure and possibly block (at least partially) the tunnels. The sequence alignment analysis between LH enzymes from different organisms shows that all of the amino acid residues with the highest occurrence rate in the oxygen tunnels are conserved. Our results suggest that the enolate form of diketone compounds establishes stronger interactions with the Fe(II) in the active site. Branching the enolate compounds with functional groups such as phenyl and pyridinyl enhances the interaction with various residues around the active site. Our results provide information about possible leads for further LH2 inhibition design and development.
Asunto(s)
Hidroxilisina , Procolágeno-Lisina 2-Oxoglutarato 5-Dioxigenasa , Colágeno/química , Colágeno/metabolismo , Compuestos Ferrosos , Lisina/metabolismo , Procolágeno-Lisina 2-Oxoglutarato 5-Dioxigenasa/antagonistas & inhibidores , Procolágeno-Lisina 2-Oxoglutarato 5-Dioxigenasa/químicaRESUMEN
The bacterial strain AGMB10547T was isolated from cow faeces deposited by the National Institute of Animal Science in Cheonan, Republic of Korea. The strain AGMB10547T possessed the phenotypic, biochemical and chemotaxonomic characteristics of the bacteria of the family Oscillospiraceae. The isolate was obligately anaerobic, non-motile, Gram-positive and rod-shaped bacteria. The growth of strain AGMB10547T occurred within 35-40 °C (optimum at 37 °C), at pH 6-7 (optimum of 7) and in the presence of 0.5-2.0% (w/v) NaCl. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, strain AGMB10547T belonged to the genus Caproiciproducens and was most closely related to Caproiciproducens galactitolivorans BS-1T (96.9%). The DNA G+C content was 49.0 mol%. The major cellular fatty acids (> 10%) of the isolate were C14:0, C14:0 DMA, C16:1 ω9c and C16:0. The average nucleotide identity (ANI) and digital DNA-DNA Hybridization (dDDH) values between strain AGMB10547T and C. galactitolivorans BS-1T were 75.5% and 19.2%. Based on the phenotypic, genotypic, biochemical and chemotaxonomic analyses, strain AGMB10547T represents a novel species of the genus Caproiciproducens, for which the name Caproiciproducens faecalis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain AGMB10547T (=KCTC 25200T=NBRC 115006T=GDMCC 1.2575T).
Asunto(s)
Ácidos Grasos , Lactobacillales , Animales , Bovinos , Filogenia , ARN Ribosómico 16S/genética , ADN Bacteriano/genética , Ácidos Grasos/química , Lactobacillales/genética , Hibridación de Ácido Nucleico , Heces/microbiología , Técnicas de Tipificación Bacteriana , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , Fosfolípidos/químicaRESUMEN
A Gram-negative, obligate anaerobic, non-motile, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped bacterial strain designated AGMB00274T was isolated from swine faeces. An 16S rRNA gene analysis indicated that strain AGMB00274T belonged to the genus Parabacteroides, with the highest similarity to Parabacteroides johnsonii (P. johnsonii) DSM 18315T (sequence similarity of 94.9%). The genome size of strain AGMB00274T was 4,308,683 bp, with a DNA G+C content of 42.5 mol%. The biochemical analysis of strain AGMB00274T showed that it was positive for gelatin hydrolysis and α-fucosidase, but negative for the acid production from D-glucose, D-mannitol, D-maltose, salicin, glycerol, D-cellobiose, D-mannose, D-melezitose, D-sorbitol, D-trehalose, and negative for α-arabinosidase, glutamic acid decarboxylase, and pyroglutamic acid arylamidase. The dominant cellular fatty acids (> 10%) of the isolate were anteiso-C15: 0 (23.2%), iso-C15: 0 (16.6%), C18: 1 ω9c (16.4%), summed feature 11 (iso-C17: 0 3-OH and/or C18: 2 DMA) (12.5%), and C16: 0 (11.3%). The major respiratory quinones of strain AGMB00274T were MK-9 (55.4%) and MK-10 (44.6%). The major polar lipid was phosphatidylethanolamine. Based on phylogenetic, genetic, physiological, and chemotaxonomic analyses, as a novel species of the genus Parabacteroides, strain AGMB00274T was proposed with the name Parabacteroides faecalis sp. nov. The type strain used was AGMB00274T (= KCTC 25286T = GDMCC 1.2742T).
Asunto(s)
Bacteroidetes , Filogenia , Animales , Técnicas de Tipificación Bacteriana , ADN Bacteriano/genética , Ácidos Grasos/química , Heces/microbiología , Fosfolípidos/química , ARN Ribosómico 16S/genética , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , Porcinos/microbiología , Vitamina K 2/química , Bacteroidetes/clasificación , Bacteroidetes/aislamiento & purificaciónRESUMEN
A Gram-stain-negative, anaerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium, designated as BGYT1T, was isolated from the feces of a cow in Andong, Republic of Korea. It was studied using a polyphasic method to determine its taxonomic position. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain BGYT1T formed a lineage within the genus Olsenella and was most closely related to O. umbonate KCTC 15140T (98.2%). The complete genome sequence of strain BGYT1T was 2,476,083 bp long with a G + C content of 66.9 mol% and contained 1835 genes and 8 contigs. The N50 value was 604,117 bp. There were 50 tRNAs, 6 rRNAs (5S, 16S, 23S), 1778 CDSs and 2 BGCs and 1 tmRNA. The values for ANI (76.8%), AAI (67.3%), and dDDH (22.2%) compared to the closest related species were all below the threshold for bacterial species delineation. In addition, genes encoding the cell wall degrading enzymes such as chitinases, ß-1,3 glucanases, and proteases were also detected. The strain was able to grow at pH 6.0-8.0 (optimum, pH 7.0), in the presence of 0.5-1.5% NaCl (optimum, 0.5%, w/v) and at the temperature range of 35-40 °C (optimum, 35 °C). The predominant fatty acids were C16:0 DMA (20.2%), C16:0 (20.2%), C18:0 (10.5%) and C18:1 cis 9 (17.0%). The polar lipids consisted of an unidentified phospholipid, four unidentified glycolipids and three unidentified lipids. Based on its phenotypic analyses, phylogenetic and physiological characteristics, strain BGYT1T represented a novel species within the genus Olsenella, for which the name Olsenella intestinalis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is BGYT1T (= KCTC 25379T = GDMCC 1.3011T).
Asunto(s)
Actinobacteria , Actinobacteria/genética , Animales , Técnicas de Tipificación Bacteriana , Bovinos , ADN Bacteriano/genética , Ácidos Grasos/química , Heces/microbiología , Fosfolípidos/química , Filogenia , ARN Ribosómico 16S/genética , Análisis de Secuencia de ADNRESUMEN
A Gram-stain-negative, obligately anaerobic, non-motile, non-spore-forming, helical rod-shaped bacterium, designated AGMB01872T, was isolated from faeces of a cow deposited in the National Institute of Animal Science (Wanju, Republic of Korea). Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain AGMB01872T was most closely related to Succinivibrio dextrinosolvens DSM 3072T (= KCTC 25222T, 96.6â%) which belonged to the family Succinivibrionaceae. Growth was occurred at 30-40 °C (optimum, 37 °C), pH 6-7 (optimum, pH 7) and in the presence of 0.5-1.0â% (w/v) NaCl. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain AGMB01872T was 35.9 mol%. The average nucleotide identity value between strain AGMB01872T and S. dextrinosolvens DSM 3072T was 72.1â%. Cells of strain AGMB01872T utilized d-glucose, maltose, d-xylose and l-arabinose. The major fatty acids (>10â%) were C14â:â0 (23.9â%), C16â:â0 (29.4â%), summed feature 5 (10.8â%) and summed feature 10 (30.3â%). The major end-product of glucose fermentation was succinate. Based on the phenotypic, phylogenetic, biochemical, genotypic and chemotaxonomic data, AGMB01872T represents a novel species within the genus Succinivibrio, for which the name Succinivibrio feacicola sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is AGMB01872T (= KCTC 25201T=NBRC 115007T=GDMCC 1.2573T).
Asunto(s)
Ácidos Grasos , Succinivibrionaceae , Animales , Bovinos , Ácidos Grasos/química , Filogenia , ARN Ribosómico 16S/genética , Succinivibrionaceae/genética , ADN Bacteriano/genética , Composición de Base , Técnicas de Tipificación Bacteriana , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , Heces/microbiología , Fosfolípidos/químicaRESUMEN
Parastichy, the spiral arrangement of plant organs, is an example of the long-range apparent order seen in biological systems. These ordered arrangements provide scientists with both an aesthetic challenge and a mathematical inspiration. Synthetic efforts to replicate the regularity of parastichy may allow for molecular-scale control over particle arrangement processes. Here we report the packing of a supramolecular truncated cuboctahedron (TCO) into double-helical (DH) nanowires on a graphite surface with a non-natural parastichy pattern ascribed to the symmetry of the TCOs and interactions between TCOs. Such a study is expected to advance our understanding of the design inputs needed to create complex, but precisely controlled, hierarchical materials. It is also one of the few reported helical packing structures based on Platonic or Archimedean solids since the discovery of the Boerdijk-Coxeter helix. As such, it may provide experimental support for studies of packing theory at the molecular level.
Asunto(s)
Sustancias Macromoleculares/química , Nanocables/química , Grafito/química , Microscopía Electrónica de Transmisión , Conformación Molecular , Método de Montecarlo , Platino (Metal)/química , Porfirinas/químicaRESUMEN
An obligately anaerobic, non-motile, Gram-negative and rod-shaped strain (AGMB03916T) was isolated from faeces of a 2-week-old piglet raised at the National Institute of Animal Science in Wanju, Republic of Korea. Growth of strain AGMB03916T occurred at 30-45 °C (optimum, 37 °C), at pH 6-9 (optimum, pH 8) and in the presence of 0.5-1.0â% (w/v) NaCl. Based on the results of 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses, strain AGMB03916T was closely related to two validly published species of the genus Phocaeicola, Phocaeicola plebeius and Phocaeicola coprocola. The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of strain AGMB03916T compared to P. plebeius M12T (=KCTC 5793T) and P. coprocola M16T (=KCTC 5443T) were 96.3 and 95.0â%, respectively. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain AGMB03916T was 46.4 mol%. The average nucleotide identity values between strain AGMB03916T and the reference strains were 74.9-78.5â%. Cells were able to utilize d-glucose, lactose, sucrose, maltose, salicin, aesculin hydrolysis, cellobiose and raffinose. The major end product of metabolism was acetate. The major cellular fatty acids (>10â%) of the isolate were iso-C15â:â0, anteiso-C15â:â0, C16â:â0, C16â:â0 3-OH and summed feature 11 (iso-C17â:â0 3-OH and/or C18â:â2 DMA). On the basis of the genotypic, biochemical, chemotaxonomic, phenotypic and phylogenetic data, strain AGMB03916T represents a novel species of the genus Phocaeicola, for which the name Phocaeicola faecicola sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is AGMB03916T (=KCTC 25014T=GDMCC 1.2574T).
Asunto(s)
Ácidos Grasos , Fosfolípidos , Animales , Técnicas de Tipificación Bacteriana , Composición de Base , ADN Bacteriano/genética , Ácidos Grasos/química , Heces , Filogenia , ARN Ribosómico 16S/genética , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , Porcinos , Vitamina K 2RESUMEN
A novel bacterial isolate designated as strain AGMB01083T was isolated from Korean cow faeces deposited in the National Institute of Animal Science (Wanju, Republic of Korea). The bacterium is obligate anaerobic, Gram-strain-positive, and motile. Cells are straight or curved rod-shaped, flagella and spores are observed. Growth occurs between 20-40 °C (temperature optimum of 35 °C), at pH 7-9 (pH optimum of 7), and in the presence of 0.5-1.0â% (w/v) NaCl. Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the strain belongs to the genus Anaerosporobacter and is most closely related to A. mobilis HY-37-4T (=KCTC5027T, similarity, 95.7â%). The DNA G+C content is 36.2 mol%, determined by the whole-genome sequence. The average nucleotide identity value between strain AGMB01083T and strain A. mobilis HY-37-4T is 75.5â%, below the interspecies identity threshold value. The major cellular fatty acids (>10â%) of strain AGMB01083T are C16â:â0, C16â:â0 dimethyl acetal (DMA), and C16â:â0 3-OH. Based on the phylogenetic, phenotypic, biochemical, chemotaxonomic, and genomic characterization, strain AGMB01083T is proposed to be a novel species, named Anaerosporobacter faecicola, in the genus Anaerosporobacter. The type strain is AGMB01083T (=KCTC 15857T=NBRC 114517T).
Asunto(s)
Ácidos Grasos , Fosfolípidos , Animales , Técnicas de Tipificación Bacteriana , Composición de Base , Bovinos , ADN Bacteriano/genética , Ácidos Grasos/química , Heces , Filogenia , ARN Ribosómico 16S/genética , República de Corea , Análisis de Secuencia de ADNRESUMEN
An obligately anaerobic, Gram-positive, non-motile, coccus-shaped bacterial strain designated AGMB00490T was isolated from swine faeces. 16S rRNA gene sequence-based phylogenetic analysis indicated that the isolate belongs to the genus Peptoniphilus and that the most closely related species is Peptoniphilus gorbachii WAL 10418T (=KCTC 5947T, 97.22â% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). Whole genome sequence analysis determined that the DNA G+C content of strain AGMB00490T was 31.2 mol% and moreover that the genome size and numbers of tRNA and rRNA genes were 2â129â517 bp, 34 and 10, respectively. Strain AGMB00490T was negative for oxidase and urease; positive for catalase, indole production, arginine arylamidase, leucine arylamidase, tyrosine arylamidase and histidine arylamidase; and weakly positive for phenylalanine arylamidase and glycine arylamidase. The major cellular fatty acids (>10â%) of the isolate were determined to be C16â:â0 and C18â:â1 ω9c. Strain AGMB00490T produced acetic acid as a major end product of metabolism. Accordingly, phylogenetic, physiologic and chemotaxonomic analyses revealed that strain AGMB00490T represents a novel species for which the name Peptoniphilus faecalis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is AGMB00490T (=KCTC 15944T=NBRC 114159T).
Asunto(s)
Clostridiales/clasificación , Heces/microbiología , Filogenia , Porcinos/microbiología , Animales , Bacterias Anaerobias/clasificación , Bacterias Anaerobias/aislamiento & purificación , Técnicas de Tipificación Bacteriana , Composición de Base , Clostridiales/aislamiento & purificación , ADN Bacteriano/genética , Ácidos Grasos/química , Cocos Grampositivos/clasificación , Cocos Grampositivos/aislamiento & purificación , ARN Ribosómico 16S/genética , República de Corea , Análisis de Secuencia de ADNRESUMEN
A novel, strictly anaerobic, gram-negative, segmented filamentous bacterium strain AGMB03513T, was isolated from the faeces of a 5-month-old pig. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene indicated that the isolate was a member of the family Lachnospiraceae, and the closest strain was Anaerostipes butyraticus. Strain AGMB03513T formed a lineage within the genus Anaerostipes and was closely related to A. butyraticus DSM 22094 T (= KCTC 15125 T, 95.8%), Anaerostipes hadrus DSM 3319 T (= KCTC 15606 T, 95.5%), Anaerostipes caccae DSM 14662 T (= KCTC 15019 T, 94.0%), and Anaerostipes rhamnosivorans DSM 26241 T (= KCTC 15316 T, 93.4%). Strain AGMB03513T grew at temperatures between 30 and 45 °C, within a pH range of 7.0-9.0, and in medium containing up to 1.5% NaCl. Cells were found to utilise D-glucose, D-mannitol, D-lactose, D-saccharose, D-maltose, D-xylose, L-arabinose, D-mannose, and D-sorbitol, and acetate was identified as the major end product of metabolism. The major components of the cellular fatty acids were C12:0, C16:0, and C18:0. In addition, the bacterium contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell wall. According to the comparative analysis of the whole genome sequence, the DNA G + C content of strain AGMB03513 was 37.0 mol%. In addition, Average nucleotide identity (ANI), average amino acid identity (AAI), and digital DNA-DNA hybridisation (dDDH) values were obtained in comparisons of strain AGMB03513T with reference strains of species in the genus Anaerostipes. ANI values were found to be between 71.0 and 75.7%, AAI values between 66.6 and 73.2%, and dDDH values between 19.5 and 21.4%. All the data were below the threshold range for species determination. Based on phenotypic, phylogenetic, biochemical, chemotaxonomic, and genomic characteristics, we considered it reasonable to assign a novel species status to strain AGMB03513T, for which we propose the name Anaerostipes faecalis sp. nov. The type strain is AGMB03513T (= KCTC 25020 T = NBRC 114896 T).
Asunto(s)
Ácidos Grasos , Fosfolípidos , Animales , Técnicas de Tipificación Bacteriana , Clostridiales , ADN Bacteriano/genética , Ácidos Grasos/análisis , Heces , Filogenia , ARN Ribosómico 16S/genética , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , PorcinosRESUMEN
An obligately anaerobic, Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, non-spore-forming and rod-shaped strain AGMB00832T was isolated from swine faeces. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene, together with the housekeeping genes, gyrB and rpoD, revealed that strain AGMB00832T belonged to the genus Faecalicatena and was most closely related to Faecalicatena orotica KCTC 15331T. In biochemical analysis, strain AGMB00832T was shown to be negative for catalase, oxidase and urease. Furthermore, the isolate was positive for ß-glucosidase, ß-glucuronidase, glutamic acid decarboxylase, proline arylamidase, acid phosphatase and naphthol-AS-BI-phosphohydrolase. The major cellular fatty acids (> 10%) of the isolate were C14:0, C16:0 and C18:1ω11t DMA. Based on the whole genome sequence analysis, the DNA G + C content of strain AGMB00832T was 44.2 mol%, and the genome size and numbers of rRNA and tRNA genes were 5,175,159 bp, 11 and 53, respectively. The average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain AGMB00832T and related strains were ≤ 77.4 and 22.5%, respectively. Furthermore, the genome analysis revealed the presence of genes for alkaline shock protein 23 and cation/proton antiporters, which may facilitate growth of strain AGMB00832T in alkaline culture condition. On the basis of polyphasic taxonomic approach, strain AGMB00832T represents a novel species within the genus Faecalicatena, for which the name Faecalicatena faecalis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is AGMB00832T (= KCTC 15946T = NBRC 114613T).
Asunto(s)
Clostridiales , Ácidos Grasos , Fosfolípidos , Animales , Técnicas de Tipificación Bacteriana , ADN Bacteriano/genética , Ácidos Grasos/análisis , Heces , Hibridación de Ácido Nucleico , Filogenia , ARN Ribosómico 16S/genética , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , PorcinosRESUMEN
An obligate anaerobic, Gram-stain-positive, non-spore forming, non-motile, catalase and oxidase-negative, coccoid-shaped bacterium designated AGMB00486T was isolated from swine faeces. The optimal growth of the isolate occurred at pH 8.0 and 37 â. Furthermore, the growth was observed in the presence of up to 4% (w/v) NaCl but not at salinity levels higher than 5%. The phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain AGMB00486T was a member of the genus Anaerococcus and that the isolate was most closely related to Anaerococcus vaginalis KCTC 15028T (96.7% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) followed by Anaerococcus hydrogenalis KCTC 15014T (96.7%) and Anaerococcus senegalensis KCTC 15435T (96.3%). Whole-genome sequence analysis determined that the DNA G+C content of strain AGMB00486T was 30.1 mol%, and the genome size, numbers of tRNA and rRNA genes were 2,268,866 bp, 47 and 8, respectively. The average nucleotide identity values between strain AGMB00486T and the three related type strains were 77.0, 77.4 and 77.2%, respectively. The major cellular fatty acids (> 10%) of strain AGMB00486T were C14:0, C16:0 and C16:0 DMA. Accordingly, these distinct phenotypic and phylogenetic properties revealed that strain AGMB00486T represents a novel species, for which the name Anaerococcus faecalis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is AGMB00486T (= KCTC 15945T = CCTCC AB 202009T).
Asunto(s)
Ácidos Grasos , Fosfolípidos , Animales , Técnicas de Tipificación Bacteriana , ADN Bacteriano/genética , Ácidos Grasos/análisis , Heces/química , Firmicutes , Hibridación de Ácido Nucleico , Filogenia , ARN Ribosómico 16S/genética , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , PorcinosRESUMEN
Vibrio vulnificus is a major food-borne pathogen that causes septicemia and cellulitis with a mortality rate of >50%. However, there are no efficient natural food preservatives or biocontrol agents to control V. vulnificus in seafood. In this study, we isolated and characterized a novel bacteriophage VVP001. Host range and transmission electron microscopy morphology observations revealed that VVP001 belongs to the family Siphoviridae and specifically infects V. vulnificus. Phage stability tests showed that VVP001 is stable at a broad temperature range of -20 °C to 65 °C and a pH range from 3 to 11, which are conditions for food applications (processing, distribution, and storage). In vitro challenge assays revealed that VVP001 inhibited V. vulnificus MO6-24/O (a clinical isolate) growth up to a 3.87 log reduction. In addition, complete genome analysis revealed that the 76 kb VVP001 contains 102 open reading frames with 49.64% G + C content and no gene encoding toxins or other virulence factors, which is essential for food applications. Application of VVP001 to fresh abalone samples contaminated with V. vulnificus demonstrated its ability to inhibit V. vulnificus growth, and an in vivo mouse survival test showed that VVP001 protects mice against high mortality (survival rate >70% at a multiplicity of infection of 1000 for up to 7 days). Therefore, the bacteriophage VVP001 can be used as a good natural food preservative and biocontrol agent for food applications.
Asunto(s)
Bacteriófagos/fisiología , Contaminación de Alimentos/prevención & control , Enfermedades Transmitidas por los Alimentos/microbiología , Alimentos Marinos/microbiología , Siphoviridae/fisiología , Vibrio vulnificus/virología , Animales , Bacteriófagos/clasificación , Bacteriófagos/genética , Bacteriófagos/ultraestructura , Contaminación de Alimentos/análisis , Genoma Viral , Especificidad del Huésped , Humanos , Masculino , Ratones , Siphoviridae/clasificación , Siphoviridae/genética , Siphoviridae/ultraestructura , Vibrio vulnificus/crecimiento & desarrolloRESUMEN
To study pathogenesis and toxicity of Staphylococcus aureus in foods, FORC_062 was isolated from a human blood sample and complete genome sequence has a type II SCCmec gene cluster and a type II toxin-antitoxin system, indicating an MRSA strain. Its mobile gene elements has many pathogenic genes involved in host infection, biofilm formation, and various enterotoxin and hemolysin genes. Clinical MRSA is often found in animal foods and ingestion of MRSA-contaminated foods causes human infection. Therefore, it is very important to understand the role of contaminated foods. To elucidate the interaction between clinical MRSA FORC_062 and raw chicken breast, transcriptome analysis was conducted, showing that gene expressions of amino acid biosynthesis and metabolism were specifically down-regulated, suggesting that the strain may import and utilize amino acids from the chicken breast, but not able to synthesize them. However, toxin gene expressions were up-regulated, suggesting that human infection of S. aureus via contaminated food may be more fatal. In addition, the contaminated foods enhance multiple-antibiotic resistance activities and virulence factors in this clinical MRSA. Consequently, MRSA-contaminated food may play a role as a nutritional reservoir as well as in enhancing factor for pathogenesis and toxicity of clinical MRSA for severe food-borne outbreaks.
Asunto(s)
Microbiología de Alimentos , Carne/microbiología , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente a Meticilina/genética , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/epidemiología , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/microbiología , Animales , Pollos , Brotes de Enfermedades , Regulación Bacteriana de la Expresión Génica , Genes Bacterianos/genética , Genómica , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Staphylococcus aureus/genética , Transcriptoma , Factores de Virulencia/genéticaRESUMEN
Different pyridine dipyrrolate cages including cage-based dimers and polymers may be fabricated in a controlled manner from the same two starting materials, namely, an angular ligand 1 and Zn(acac)2, by changing the counter cation source. With tetrabutylammonium (TBA+) and dimethyl viologen (DMV2+), Cage-3 and Cage-5 are produced. In these cages, two ligands act as bridges and serve to connect together two cage subunits to produce higher order ensembles. In Cage-3 and Cage-5, the TBA+ and DMV2+ counter cations lie outside the cavities of the respective cages. This stands in contrast to what is seen with a previously reported system, Cage-1, wherein dimethylammonium (DMA+) counter cations reside within the cage cavity. When the counter cations are tetraethylammonium (TEA+) and bis(cyclopentadienyl) cobalt(III) (Cp2Co+), polymeric cage materials, PC-1 and PC-2, are formed, respectively. The counter cations thus serve not only to balance charge but also to tune the structural features as a whole. The organic cations used in the present study also act to modulate the further assembly of individual cages. The present cation-based tuning emerges as a new method for a fine-tuning of the multidimensional morphology of self-assembled inorganic materials.
RESUMEN
A Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, endospore-forming, rod-shaped strain, AGMB 02131T, which grew at 20-40 °C (optimum 30 °C), pH 3.0-11.0 (optimum pH 4.0) and in the presence of 0-18â% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 10â%), was isolated from a cow faecal sample and identified as a novel strain using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. The phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences along with the whole genome (92 core gene sets) revealed that AGMB 02131T formed a group within the genus Peribacillus, and showed the highest sequence similarity with Peribacillus endoradicis DSM 28131T (96.9â%), following by Peribacillus butanolivorans DSM 18926T (96.6â%). The genome of AGMB 02131T comprised 70 contigs, the chromosome length was 4â038â965 bp and it had a 38.5â% DNA G+C content. Digital DNA-DNA hybridization revealed that AGMB 02131T displayed 21.4â% genomic DNA relatedness with the most closely related strain, P. butanolivorans DSM 18926T. AGMB 02131T contains all of the conserved signature indels that are specific for members of the genus Peribacillus. The major cellular fatty acids (>10â%) of AGMB 02131T were C18â:â1ω9c, C18:0 and C16â:â0. The major polar lipids present were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine. On the basis of the phenotypic, phylogenetic, genomic and chemotaxonomic features, AGMB 02131T represents a novel species of the genus Peribacillus, for which the name Peribacillus faecalis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is AGMB 02131T (=KCTC 43221T=CCTCC AB 2020077T).
RESUMEN
Bacteriophages have been suggested as alternative antimicrobial agents based on their host specificity and lytic activity. Therefore, it is necessary to obtain a virulent phage from a temperate one using molecular techniques to control Staphylococcus aureus efficiently. SA13, a novel temperate phage infecting S. aureus, was isolated and characterized. From this phage, mutant phages were generated by random deletion mutations, and a virulent mutant phage SA13m was selected. Comparative genome analysis revealed that the SA13m genome contains various nucleotide deletions in six genes encoding three hypothetical proteins and three lysogeny-associated proteins, including putative integrase, putative CI, and putative anti-repressor proteins. Mitomycin C induction of SA13m-resistant strains revealed that this mutant phage does not form lysogen, suggesting that SA13m is a virulent phage. In addition, SA13m showed rapid and long-lasting host cell growth inhibition activity. Furthermore, application of SA13m in sterilized milk showed that S. aureus was reduced to non-detectable levels both at refrigerator temperature (4⯰C) and room temperature (25⯰C), suggesting that SA13m can efficiently control the growth of S. aureus in foods. The virulent mutant phage SA13m could be used as a promising biocontrol agent against S. aureus without lysogen formation.
Asunto(s)
Microbiología de Alimentos/métodos , Fagos de Staphylococcus/patogenicidad , Staphylococcus aureus/virología , Animales , Agentes de Control Biológico , Genoma Viral/genética , Especificidad del Huésped , Lisogenia/genética , Leche/microbiología , Mutación , Receptores Virales/genética , Fagos de Staphylococcus/genética , Staphylococcus aureus/crecimiento & desarrollo , Proteínas Virales/genética , Proteínas Virales/metabolismo , Virulencia/genéticaRESUMEN
A new expanded porphyrin, hexadecaphyrin-(1.0.0.0.1.1.0.1.1.0.0.0.1.1.0.1), is reported. It was obtained via the condensation of a hexapyrrolic derivative prepared in turn from a bipyrrole dialdehyde and a stable quaterpyrrole precursor. This hexadecaphyrin contains eight direct α-pyrrole-to-α-pyrrole linkages in its structure. It supports the formation of bimetallic complexes of both zinc and cobalt that are characterized by different conformational structures. Furthermore, a mixed zinc/cobalt macrocycle has been prepared. The cobalt bimetallic complex shows two stable conformations with the same oxidation state that are in equilibrium. All compounds have been characterized by common spectroscopic means, and single crystal X-ray diffraction structures were obtained for all macrocyclic compounds. DFT calculations and transient absorption spectra were used to study the electronic features of the complexes and the effect of conformational changes. This system shows promise as an accumulated heat sensor.
RESUMEN
Strain PFL01T was isolated from traditional Korean fermented clam, jogae-jeotgal, and characterized. The strain was a facultative anaerobic, Gram-stain-negative bacterium that was rod-shaped, motile and beige-pigmented. The phylogenetic sequence analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene from PFL01T revealed that it was closely related to Lelliottia nimipressuralis LMG 10245T and Lelliottia amnigena LMG 2784T with 99.3 and 99.3â% sequence identities, respectively. Multilocus sequence type analysis of concatenated partial aptD, gyrB, infB and rpoB gene sequences showed a clear distinction of strain PFL01T from its closest related type strains. The discrimination was also supported by unique repetitive extragenic palindromic PCR (Rep-PCR, ERIC-PCR) fingerprint patterns. In addition, results from average nucleotide identity analyses with other species were less than 85â%. vitek and API analyses revealed distinct characteristics from other species of Lelliottia. The cellular fatty acid profile of the strain consisted of C16â:â0, cyclo-C17â:â0, C16â:â1ω7c/C16â:â1ω6c and C18â:â1ω7c/C18â:â1ω6c as major components. The whole genome of PFL01T was 4.6 Mb with a G+C content of 55.3 mol%. Based on these results, strain PFL01T was classified as a novel species of the genus Lelliottia, for which the name Lelliottia jeotgali sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain in PFL01T (=KCCM 43247T=JCM 31901T).