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1.
Cell ; 186(21): 4583-4596.e13, 2023 10 12.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37725977

RESUMEN

The CD1 system binds lipid antigens for display to T cells. Here, we solved lipidomes for the four human CD1 antigen-presenting molecules, providing a map of self-lipid display. Answering a basic question, the detection of >2,000 CD1-lipid complexes demonstrates broad presentation of self-sphingolipids and phospholipids. Whereas peptide antigens are chemically processed, many lipids are presented in an unaltered form. However, each type of CD1 protein differentially edits the self-lipidome to show distinct capture motifs based on lipid length and chemical composition, suggesting general antigen display mechanisms. For CD1a and CD1d, lipid size matches the CD1 cleft volume. CD1c cleft size is more variable, and CD1b is the outlier, where ligands and clefts show an extreme size mismatch that is explained by uniformly seating two small lipids in one cleft. Furthermore, the list of compounds that comprise the integrated CD1 lipidome supports the ongoing discovery of lipid blockers and antigens for T cells.


Asunto(s)
Antígenos CD1 , Lípidos , Humanos , Presentación de Antígeno , Antígenos CD1/química , Antígenos CD1/metabolismo , Lipidómica , Lípidos/química , Linfocitos T , Secuencias de Aminoácidos
2.
J Immunol ; 206(6): 1240-1250, 2021 03 15.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33536255

RESUMEN

Intradermal vaccination with Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) protects infants from disseminated tuberculosis, and i.v. BCG protects nonhuman primates (NHP) against pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis. In humans and NHP, protection is thought to be mediated by T cells, which typically recognize bacterial peptide Ags bound to MHC proteins. However, during vertebrate evolution, T cells acquired the capacity to recognize lipid Ags bound to CD1a, CD1b, and CD1c proteins expressed on APCs. It is unknown whether BCG induces T cell immunity to mycobacterial lipids and whether CD1-restricted T cells are resident in the lung. In this study, we developed and validated Macaca mulatta (Mamu) CD1b and CD1c tetramers to probe ex vivo phenotypes and functions of T cells specific for glucose monomycolate (GMM), an immunodominant mycobacterial lipid Ag. We discovered that CD1b and CD1c present GMM to T cells in both humans and NHP. We show that GMM-specific T cells are expanded in rhesus macaque blood 4 wk after i.v. BCG, which has been shown to protect NHP with near-sterilizing efficacy upon M. tuberculosis challenge. After vaccination, these T cells are detected at high frequency within bronchoalveolar fluid and express CD69 and CD103, markers associated with resident memory T cells. Thus, our data expand the repertoire of T cells known to be induced by whole cell mycobacterial vaccines, such as BCG, and show that lipid Ag-specific T cells are resident in the lungs, where they may contribute to protective immunity.


Asunto(s)
Antígenos Bacterianos/inmunología , Vacuna BCG/administración & dosificación , Glucolípidos/inmunología , Linfocitos T/inmunología , Tuberculosis/prevención & control , Adolescente , Animales , Antígenos Bacterianos/metabolismo , Antígenos CD1/metabolismo , Línea Celular , Niño , Estudios de Cohortes , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Femenino , Glicoproteínas/metabolismo , Voluntarios Sanos , Humanos , Inyecciones Intravenosas , Pulmón/citología , Pulmón/inmunología , Pulmón/microbiología , Macaca mulatta , Masculino , Mycobacterium bovis/inmunología , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/inmunología , Cultivo Primario de Células , Linfocitos T/metabolismo , Tuberculosis/sangre , Tuberculosis/inmunología , Tuberculosis/microbiología
3.
Chemistry ; 28(36): e202200883, 2022 Jun 27.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35388562

RESUMEN

The continuous emergence of antimicrobial resistance is causing a threat to patients infected by multidrug-resistant pathogens. In particular, the clinical use of aminoglycoside antibiotics, broad-spectrum antibacterials of last resort, is limited due to rising bacterial resistance. One of the major resistance mechanisms in Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria is phosphorylation of these amino sugars at the 3'-position by O-phosphotransferases [APH(3')s]. Structural alteration of these antibiotics at the 3'-position would be an obvious strategy to tackle this resistance mechanism. However, the access to such derivatives requires cumbersome multi-step synthesis, which is not appealing for pharma industry in this low-return-on-investment market. To overcome this obstacle and combat bacterial resistance mediated by APH(3')s, we introduce a novel regioselective modification of aminoglycosides in the 3'-position via palladium-catalyzed oxidation. To underline the effectiveness of our method for structural modification of aminoglycosides, we have developed two novel antibiotic candidates overcoming APH(3')s-mediated resistance employing only four synthetic steps.


Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana , Aminoglicósidos/química , Aminoglicósidos/farmacología , Antibacterianos/química , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Bacterias Gramnegativas , Bacterias Grampositivas , Humanos , Fosfotransferasas
4.
Angew Chem Int Ed Engl ; 59(19): 7555-7560, 2020 05 04.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32067294

RESUMEN

In Mycobacterium tuberculosis, mycolic acids and their glycerol, glucose, and trehalose esters ("cord factor") form the main part of the mycomembrane. Despite their first isolation almost a century ago, full stereochemical evaluation is lacking, as is a scalable synthesis required for accurate immunological, including vaccination, studies. Herein, we report an efficient, convergent, gram-scale synthesis of four stereo-isomers of a mycolic acid and its glucose ester. Binding to the antigen presenting protein CD1b and T cell activation studies are used to confirm the antigenicity of the synthetic material. The absolute stereochemistry of the syn-methoxy methyl moiety in natural material is evaluated by comparing its optical rotation with that of synthetic material.


Asunto(s)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis/química , Ácidos Micólicos/síntesis química , Antígenos CD1/química , Membrana Celular/química , Ésteres/síntesis química , Glucosa/química , Activación de Linfocitos , Estereoisomerismo , Linfocitos T , Miembro 7 de la Superfamilia de Receptores de Factores de Necrosis Tumoral/química
5.
Org Lett ; 22(14): 5622-5626, 2020 07 17.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32635733

RESUMEN

Unprotected 3-keto-saccharides have become readily accessible via site-selective oxidation, but their protection-free functionalization is relatively unexplored. Here we show that protecting groups are obsolete in a variety of stereoselective modifications of our model substrate methyl α-glucopyranoside. This allows the preparation of rare sugars and the installation of click handles and reactive groups. To showcase the applicability of the methodology, maltoheptaose has been converted into a chemical probe, and the rare sugar evalose has been synthesized.

6.
Chem Commun (Camb) ; 52(10): 2189-91, 2016 Feb 04.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26725590

RESUMEN

The catalyst palladium/2,9-CD3-phenanthroline has a 1.8 times higher turnover number than its non-deuterated counterpart in the aerobic alcohol oxidation of methyl glucoside and allows the regioselective oxidation with dioxygen as the terminal oxidant.

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