The role of autophagy in odontogenesis, dental implant surgery, periapical and periodontal diseases.

Autophagy is a cellular process that is evolutionarily conserved, involving the sequestration of damaged organelles and proteins into autophagic vesicles, which subsequently fuse with lysosomes for degradation. Autophagy controls the development of many diseases by influencing apoptosis, inflammation, the immune response and different cellular processes. Autophagy plays a significant role in the aetiology of disorders associated with dentistry. Autophagy controls odontogenesis. Furthermore, it is implicated in the pathophysiology of pulpitis and periapical disorders. It enhances the survival, penetration and colonization of periodontal pathogenic bacteria into the host periodontal tissues and facilitates their escape from host defences. Autophagy plays a crucial role in mitigating exaggerated inflammatory reactions within the host's system during instances of infection and inflammation. Autophagy also plays a role in the relationship between periodontal disease and systemic diseases. Autophagy promotes wound healing and may enhance implant osseointegration. This study reviews autophagy's dento-alveolar effects, focusing on its role in odontogenesis, periapical diseases, periodontal diseases and dental implant surgery, providing valuable insights for dentists on tooth development and dental applications. A thorough examination of autophagy has the potential to discover novel and efficacious treatment targets within the field of dentistry.

PREVALENCE OF DENTITION, DENTAL ARCHES AND DENTAL ANOMALIES.

Malocclusion can have a negative impact on children's quality of life. Patients with severe malocclusions tend to smile less and look for ways to improve their smile. The mentioned study was conducted in 400 patients aged 3 to 18 years, who applied to the dental clinic for orthodontic treatment regardless of age and gender. The aim of the study was the prevalence of occlusion, dental arches and dental anomalies, most often combined occlusion anomalies, functional disorders, carious and filled teeth and periodontal diseases in the examined patients. According to the results of the research, it was established that the majority of the examined patients were female. Among occlusion anomalies, occlusion class II subclass I was detected with the highest frequency. Almost 11% of the examined had a functional disturbances oral and maxillofacial system. 6% of the examined have an anomaly of the shape of the crown of the teeth. 6.25% of cases have microdontia and 5.5% have macrodontia. 1.17% showed pathological wear and 24.55 enamel hypoplasia. 1% supernumerary tooth, of which 0.75% supernumerary tooth between central incisors, 0.25% supernumerary tooth in other area. Persistent tooth in 3.25% of cases. 5% of retentive teeth are one or several teeth at the same time. 26.75% have one or more dystopian postures. Diastema was detected in 19.75%. Most of the examined patients were female, which is explained by the perception of patients and their parents regarding facial aesthetics in relation to gender. Most of the patients turn to orthodontics in cases of occlusal anomalies that are more aesthetically pronounced and easily perceived by others. In the studied society, oral health and oral care skills are given less importance, as evidenced by high rates of periodontal diseases, caries, and filled teeth. In the mentioned population, it is very important to raise the level of knowledge of the importance of oral health, which is possible by conducting educational events in kindergartens, schools, public gathering places, dental clinics.

Supportive periodontal care in dental practice: Part 1 - the importance and implications for general dental practitioners.

Supportive periodontal care is an essential component of maintaining the outcome of periodontal treatment. It is essential to ensure cost benefit to both patients and the health services where millions are spent on treating patients with periodontal disease. The dentist must be able to recognise the crucial and important role they play in providing supportive care and therapy to periodontally compromised patients, either independently or as part of a wider dental team, over and above the various challenges they may experience in the provision of such care in general dental practice. The timely intervention with treatment or referral during this phase will help reduce the risk of tooth loss and adverse consequences to the dentist and their team by way of litigation. The aim of this paper is to provide an update on the delivery of supportive periodontal care in general dental practice with a particular reference to the role of the dentist.

Association between visfatin and periodontitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease caused by bacterial infection in the periodontal support tissue. Visfatin, a hormone secreted mainly by adipocytes and macrophages, plays an important role in immune regulation and defense. Although studies have indicated that patients with periodontitis have significantly high serum and gingival crevicular fluid levels of visfatin, the relationship between this adipocytokine and periodontal disease remains unclear. Aim: The aim of this study was to systematically evaluate the association between visfatin levels and periodontitis. Methods: The PubMed, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, EBSCO, and Wiley Online Library databases were searched for potential studies, using "periodontitis" and "visfatin" as the keywords in the title and abstract search fields. Standardized mean difference (SMD) values with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were determined from the results of this meta-analysis. Results: In total, 22 articles involving 456 patients with periodontitis and 394 healthy individuals (controls) were included in the meta-analysis. Visfatin levels were significantly higher in the patients with periodontitis than in the healthy individuals (SMD: 3.82, 95% CI [3.01-4.63]). Moreover, the visfatin levels were significantly lowered after periodontitis treatment (SMD: -2.29, 95% CI [-3.33 to -1.26]). Conclusion: This first-ever meta-analysis comparing visfatin levels between patients with periodontitis and healthy individuals suggests that this adipocytokine can be a diagnostic and therapeutic biomarker for periodontal disease.

Association of Filifactor alocis and its RTX toxin gene ftxA with periodontal attachment loss, and in synergy with Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans.

The Gram-positive bacterium, Filifactor alocis is an oral pathogen, and approximately 50% of known strains encode a recently identified repeat-in-toxin (RTX) protein, FtxA. By assessing a longitudinal Ghanaian study population of adolescents (10-19 years of age; mean age 13.2 years), we recently discovered a possible correlation between deep periodontal pockets measured at the two-year follow-up, presence of the ftxA gene, and a high quantity of F. alocis. To further understand the contribution of F. alocis and FtxA in periodontal disease, we used qPCR in the present study to assess the carriage loads of F. alocis and the prevalence of its ftxA gene in subgingival plaque specimens, sampled at baseline from the Ghanaian cohort (n=500). Comparing these results with the recorded clinical attachment loss (CAL) longitudinal progression data from the two-year follow up, we concluded that carriers of ftxA-positive F. alocis typically exhibited higher loads of the bacterium. Moreover, high carriage loads of F. alocis and concomitant presence of the ftxA gene were two factors that were both associated with an enhanced prevalence of CAL progression. Interestingly, CAL progression appeared to be further promoted upon the simultaneous presence of F. alocis and the non-JP2 genotype of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. Taken together, our present findings are consistent with the notion that F. alocis and its ftxA gene promotes CAL during periodontal disease.

Dentists and dental hygienists' comprehension of HIV infection associated periodontal implications and management.

Background: In an era wherein, persuasive evidence continues to witness the association between systemic and periodontal diseases, the absence of scientific data on dental professionals' comprehension concerning the HIV infection and periodontal link is lamentably backward. Thus, the key objective of this research is to ascertain the extent of comprehension possessed by dentists and dental hygienists concerning periodontal implications and their management in HIV patients. Methods: It is a quantitative cross-sectional survey employing a descriptive approach focusing on a specific cohort of dental professionals. The study setting featured an online platform for the distribution of concealed, closed-ended, structured questionnaire. The data was gathered for four sections: six comprehension statements about periodontal manifestations in HIV patients; fifteen comprehension statements about HIV patients' periodontal management; eight familiarity statements about HIV management; and two educational statements about HIV. The comparisons of comprehension scores were drawn between variables such as specialties, age groups, and genders. Results: The survey represented 468 dental professionals representing distinct dental specialties, with a mean age of 24.26 ± 7.53 years. The mean comprehension score for all groups of participants is 10.31 ± 9.34 (33.25%). The highest scores were recorded among those aged 31-40 (20.67 ± 8.31), followed by those aged 40+ (19.38 ± 9.39), 20-30 (9.53 ± 8.96), and under 20 (8.92 ± 8.57), at p < 0.001. The female participants (15.06 ± 12.2) exhibited substantially better scores in contrast to the male participants (8.74 ± 7.57). Periodontists (27.77 ± 3.08) comprehended most, then the oral medicine practitioners (25 ± 0). Dental hygiene students (5.52 ± 3.56) and hygienists (7.67 ± 9.72) comprehended the least. The scores for all four domains assessed were disappointingly low: knowledge about HIV-periodontal manifestations (2.81 ± 2.18), knowledge about management of periodontal diseases in HIV patients (3.73 ± 4.7), familiarity with periodontal care in HIV patients (2.87 ± 3.01), and education received about HIV and periodontal diseases (0.91 ± 0.66). Conclusion: Dental professionals are notably incomprehensive, unfamiliar, and lacking in expertise in the realm of periodontal facets of HIV. The periodontists and oral medicine practitioners showed a substantial amount of comprehension, while the dental hygiene students and dental hygienists presented a conspicuously inadequate level of comprehension. The study outcome could potentially serve as an invaluable instrument for self-assessment by dental professionals and educators. HIV/AIDS ought not to persist as an unspoken taboo or disregarded subject within the dental field, particularly in periodontics, but rather should receive prominence in dental schools and professional development programs.

Erythropoietin receptor signal is crucial for periodontal ligament stem cell-based tissue reconstruction in periodontal disease.

Alveolar bone loss caused by periodontal disease eventually leads to tooth loss. Periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) are the tissue-specific cells for maintaining and repairing the periodontal ligament, cementum, and alveolar bone. Here, we investigated the role of erythropoietin receptor (EPOR), which regulates the microenvironment-modulating function of mesenchymal stem cells, in PDLSC-based periodontal therapy. We isolated PDLSCs from patients with chronic periodontal disease and healthy donors, referred to as PD-PDLSCs and Cont-PDLSCs, respectively. PD-PDLSCs exhibited reduced potency of periodontal tissue regeneration and lower expression of EPOR compared to Cont-PDLSCs. EPOR-silencing suppressed the potency of Cont-PDLSCs mimicking PD-PDLSCs, whereas EPO-mediated EPOR activation rejuvenated the reduced potency of PD-PDLSCs. Furthermore, we locally transplanted EPOR-silenced and EPOR-activated PDLSCs into the gingiva around the teeth of ligament-induced periodontitis model mice and demonstrated that EPOR in PDLSCs participated in the regeneration of the periodontal ligament, cementum, and alveolar bone in the ligated teeth. The EPOR-mediated paracrine function of PDLSCs maintains periodontal immune suppression and bone metabolic balance via osteoclasts and osteoblasts in the periodontitis model mice. Taken together, these results suggest that EPOR signaling is crucial for PDLSC-based periodontal regeneration and paves the way for the development of novel options for periodontal therapy.

Quercetin in the Prevention of Induced Periodontal Disease in Animal Models: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

BACKGROUND: Periodontitis is an inflammatory condition initiated by oral bacteria and is associated with several systemic diseases. Quercetin is an anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial poly-phenol present in various foods. The aim of this meta-analysis was the evaluation of the effects of quercetin administration in animal models of experimental periodontitis. METHODS: A systematic search was performed in electronic databases using the following search terms: "periodontitis" or "periodontal disease" or "gingivitis" and "quercetin" or "cyanidanol" or "sophoretin" or "pentahydroxyflavone". In vivo preclinical animal models of experimental periodontal disease with a measurement of alveolar bone loss were included in the analysis. The risk of bias of the included studies was assessed using the SYRCLE tool. RESULTS: The systematic search yielded 335 results. Five studies were included, four of them qualified for a meta-analysis. The meta-analysis showed that quercetin administration decreased alveolar bone loss (τ2 = 0.31, 1.88 mm 95%CI: 1.09, 2.67) in experimental periodontal disease animal models. However, the risk of bias assessment indicated that four SYRCLE domains had a high risk of bias. CONCLUSIONS: Quercetin diminishes periodontal bone loss and prevents disease progression in animal models of experimental periodontal disease. Quercetin might facilitate periodontal tissue hemostasis by reducing senescent cells, decreasing oxidative stress via SIRT1-induced autophagy, limiting inflammation, and fostering an oral bacterial microenvironment of symbiotic microbiota associated with oral health. Future research will show whether and how the promising preclinical results can be translated into the clinical treatment of periodontal disease.

Estimation of Oral Disease Burden among Older Adults in LTC: A Scoping Review.

Oral health is an essential part of healthy aging and very little data exists around the disease burden for older adults in a long-term care setting. The aim of this scoping review was to estimate the disease burden of dental caries, periodontal disease, and tooth loss among older adults in Long-Term Care (LTC). This scoping review was conducted in accordance with the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology. A detailed strategy was used to conduct a comprehensive search of electronic databases: PubMed, Embase, and Dentistry and Oral Sciences Source (DOSS). The Rayyan AI platform was used to screen abstracts for assessment by one of five co-investigators. Results indicate that only one in three might have a functional dentition upon entry into LTC, and among those who are dentate, most might expect to develop at least one new coronal and one new root caries lesion each year. There is a need to better document the disease experiences of this group to tailor approaches to care that might reduce the avoidable suffering as a result of dental caries and periodontal disease.

Effects of a novel dental chew on oral health outcomes, halitosis, and microbiota of adult dogs.

Halitosis in dogs is an initial indication of periodontitis, highlighting its significance as a vital marker for underlying problems. Moreover, the oral microbial population has a significant influence on periodontal disease. Measuring the oral microbiota may be used in addition to breath odor, dental plaque, and gingivitis scoring to assess the impact of dental chews on oral health. In this study, we aimed to determine the differences in breath odor, oral health outcomes, and oral microbiota of adult dogs consuming a novel dental chew compared with control dogs consuming only a diet. Twelve healthy adult female beagle dogs were used in a crossover design study. Treatments (n = 12/group) included: diet only (control) or the diet + a novel dental chew. Each day, one chew was provided 4 h after mealtime. On days 1, 7, 14, 21, and 27, breath samples were analyzed for total volatile sulfur compound concentrations using a halimeter. On day 0 of each period, teeth were cleaned by a veterinary dentist blinded to treatments. Teeth were scored for plaque, calculus, and gingivitis by the same veterinary dentist on day 28 of each period. After scoring, subgingival and supragingival plaque samples were collected for microbiota analysis using Illumina MiSeq. All data were analyzed using SAS (version 9.4) using the Mixed Models procedure, with P < 0.05 being significant. Overall, the dental chews were well accepted. Dogs consuming the dental chews had lower calculus coverage, thickness, and scores, lower gingivitis scores, and less pocket bleeding than control dogs. Breath volatile sulfur compounds were lower in dogs consuming the dental chews. Bacterial alpha-diversity analysis demonstrated that control dogs had higher bacterial richness than dogs fed dental chews. Bacterial beta-diversity analysis demonstrated that samples clustered based on treatment. In subgingival and supragingival plaque, control dogs had higher relative abundances of potentially pathogenic bacteria (Pelistega, Desulfovibrio, Desulfomicrobium, Fretibacterium, Helcococcus, and Treponema) and lower relative abundances of genera associated with oral health (Neisseria, Actinomyces, and Corynebacterium). Our results suggest that the dental chew tested in this study may aid in reducing periodontal disease risk in dogs by beneficially shifting the microbiota population and inhabiting plaque buildup.

In this study, we aimed to determine the effects of a novel dental chew on the breath odor, oral health outcomes, and oral microbiota of dogs. Healthy adult dogs were used in a crossover design study to test a diet only (control) or the diet plus a novel dental chew. Each day, one chew was provided 4 h after mealtime. Breath samples were analyzed over time and teeth were scored for plaque, calculus, and gingivitis by a veterinary dentist on day 28 of each period. After scoring, subgingival and supragingival plaque samples were collected for microbiota analysis. Dogs consuming dental chews had lower calculus coverage, thickness, and scores, lower gingivitis scores, and less pocket bleeding than control dogs. Breath volatile sulfur compounds were lower in dogs consuming dental chews. Bacterial alpha-diversity was higher in control dogs than in dogs fed dental chews. Bacterial beta-diversity analysis demonstrated sample clustering based on treatment. Control dogs had higher relative abundances of potentially pathogenic bacteria and lower relative abundances of genera associated with oral health. Our results suggest that the dental chew tested may aid in reducing periodontal disease risk in dogs by beneficially shifting microbiota and inhabiting plaque buildup.

Relationship between periodontal diseases and non-specific inflammatory bowel diseases - an overview. Part I.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: An increasing number of studies indicate that the oral cavity and gastrointestinal tract are interconnected and that there is a potential causal link between non-specific inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and oral diseases. Therefore, following the example of the brain-gut axis, the concept of the gum-gut axis has now been put forward. The aim of the review is to assess the literature confirming the existence of the recently proposed gum-gut axis and the resulting relationships between non-specific inflammatory bowel diseases and oral diseases, especially periodontal diseases. REVIEW METHODS: The review sums-up information concerning the relationship between periodontal diseases and non-specific bowel diseases. A literature review was carried out by searching databases PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE STATE OF KNOWLEDGE: Previously, it was presumed that oral microflora and intestinal microflora remain separate. because it was considered that salivary microbes are killed by stomach and bile acids during translocation through the gastrointestinal tract. Presently, it has been confirmed that oral microorganisms have been found in the faeces of even healthy people. The comparison of oral and intestinal microbiomes of adults does not show full convergence; but pathogenic bacteria such as Klebsiella, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum may act as the microbial bridge between periodontitis and IBD. SUMMARY: Dysbiosis of oral microflora may disrupt the normal functioning of the immune system, in this way increasing the development of periodontitis which, in turn, increases the risk of IBD and other complex systemic pathological processes. The gum-gut axis plays a crucial role in these associations. Additional studies are necessary to specify the role of nutritional intervention concerning oral and intestinal microbiome for precise health management.

[Periodontal tissue regeneration: current therapeutic strategies and future directions in further research].

Chronic and progressive destruction/damage of the periodontal tissues resulted from periodontitis is the leading cause of tooth loss in adults. Traditional periodontal therapies such as scaling and root planning or flap surgery have demonstrated effective in controlling local inflammation and in suppressing/arresting the disease progression of periodontitis. However, those infection control measures cannot help to regenerate lost periodontal tissues to a statistically or clinically significant degree. Although some successes regarding the reduction of the intrabony defect and maintenance of the periodontal homeostasis have been achieved in periodontal regenerative procedures, comprising but not limited to guided tissue regeneration (GTR) or bone grafting technique, the restorative effectiveness of the architecture and function of the lost or injured tissues is far from our clinical expectation. The use of the concept, technique, and method of tissue engineering for periodontal regeneration is a hotspot and animal studies have shown interesting outcomes in terms of functional regeneration of lost/damaged support tissues in the periodontium, including alveolar bone, periodontal ligament, and cementum. However, numerous issues need to be addressed before those regenerative approaches can be responsibly transformed to novel clinical therapies. Recently, paradigm that induces homing of host stem cells to site of the periodontium and encourage the body's innate capability to repair is a new research field termed endogenous regeneration. Given that endogenous regenerative technique avoids ex-vivo cell culture and transplantation, it should be relatively easier to be used in the treatment of clinical patients. Due to the limited oral microenvironment and harsh periodontal local condition for tissue regeneration, as well as poor understanding of periodontal regenerative biology, there is still a long way ahead to explore new effective, practical, and economical therapies to save and protect natural tooth and for combating highly prevalent periodontal disease.

Effect of sodium hypochlorite gel on bacteria associated with periodontal disease.

OBJECTIVES: An adjunct in non-surgical periodontal therapy might be sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl)-based agents. The purpose of the present in vitro study was to get deeper knowledge on the influence of different parameters as time after mixing, pH, and chemical composition of an amino acid 0.475% NaOCl (AA-NaOCl) gel consisting of two components on its anti-biofilm activity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Six-species biofilms were cultured for 5 days, before AA-NaOCl gel was applied. In the different series, the influence of the time after mixing of the two components before application, of the concentration of NaOCl in the gel mixture, of the pH of the gel mixture, and of an exchange of the amino acid component by hyaluronic acid (HA), was analyzed. RESULTS: Mixing time point experiments showed that the AA-NaOCl gel is capable of statistically significantly reducing colony-forming unit (cfu) counts up to 30 min after mixing, but only up to 20 min after mixing the reduction was more than 2 log10 cfu. The pH experiments indicate that a reduced pH results in a reduced activity of the NaOCl formulation. NaOCl concentrations in the formulation in the range from 0.475 to 0.2% provide adequate activity on biofilms. A HA/NaOCl gel was equally active against the biofilm as the AA-NaOCl gel. CONCLUSION: Mixing of the components should be made in a timeframe of 20 min before applications. An optimization of the composition of the NaOCl formulation might be possible and should be a topic in further in vitro studies. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The AA-NaOCl gel formulation can be mixed up to 20 min before application. Further, the study indicates that the composition of the NaOCl gel formulation can be optimized.

Pericardial Effusion in Association With Periodontitis: Case Report and Review of 8 Patients in Literature.

Periodontal diseases are well-known background for infective endocarditis. Here, we show that pericardial effusion or pericarditis might have origin also in periodontal diseases. An 86-year-old man with well-controlled hypertension and diabetes mellitus developed asymptomatic increase in pericardial effusion. Two weeks previously, he took oral new quinolone antibiotics for a week because he had painful periodontitis along a dental bridge in the mandibular teeth on the right side and presented cheek swelling. The sputum was positive for Streptococcus species. He was healthy and had a small volume of pericardial effusion for the previous 5 years after drug-eluting coronary stents were inserted at the left anterior descending branch 10 years previously. The differential diagnoses listed for pericardial effusion were infection including tuberculosis, autoimmune diseases, and metastatic malignancy. Thoracic to pelvic computed tomographic scan demonstrated no mass lesions, except for pericardial effusion and a small volume of pleural effusion on the left side. Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography disclosed many spotty uptakes in the pericardial effusion. The patient denied pericardiocentesis, based on his evaluation of the risk of the procedure. He was thus discharged in several days and followed at outpatient clinic. He underwent dental treatment and pericardial effusion resolved completely in a month. He was healthy in 6 years until the last follow-up at the age of 92 years. We also reviewed 8 patients with pericarditis in association with periodontal diseases in the literature to reveal that periodontal diseases would be the background for developing infective pericarditis and also mediastinitis on some occasions.

The Association of Maternal Periodontal Diseases in the Postpartum Period with Preterm Low Birth Weight.

AIM: Preterm birth is the most adverse effect of pregnancy, commonly leading to low birth weight. Our study aimed to assess the relationship between maternal periodontal status and adverse pregnancy outcomes by immediate postpartum periodontal examination and diagnosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 125 mothers were divided into four groups based on gestational day (GD) and newborns' birth weight (BW); the mothers with GD ≥ 259 days and BW ≥ 2500 gm (Control), the mothers with GD <259 days and BW ≥ 2500 gm (PT group), the mothers with GD ≥ 259 days and BW <2500 gm (LBW group), and the mothers with GD <259 days and BW <2500 gm (PT-LBW group). The maternal periodontal assessment was carried out within 3 days after delivery. RESULTS: The bleeding on probing (BOP) of the PT-LBW group was significantly higher than the control (P = 0.027). The correlation test revealed a mild inverse relationship between BOP and BW (R = -0.23, P = 0.044). According to the new 2018 American Academy of Periodontology (AAP) periodontal classification, there was no significant difference between periodontal status within groups. CONCLUSION: The present study suggests that BOP, an early sign of gingival inflammation, is involved in adverse pregnancy outcomes. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: This study is the first of its kind to use immediate postpartum periodontal examination and diagnosis by the new 2018 AAP periodontal classification. The findings demonstrate that signs of gingival inflammation may be associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. How to cite this article: Yanaranci S, Laosrisin N, Sriprasertsuk A, et al. The Association of Maternal Periodontal Diseases in the Postpartum Period with Preterm Low Birth Weight. J Contemp Dent Pract 2024;25(2):99-106.

Assessment of the Smear Layer Removal Efficacy of Three Different Agents on Periodontally Compromised Tooth: An In Vitro Study.

AIM: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the smear layer removal efficacy of three various agents on periodontally compromised tooth. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The current study included 75 molar teeth that were extracted due to periodontal disease. After that, 25 samples were randomly assigned using a simple random technique to the three different agent groups, group A: Scaling and root planing (SRP) and application of SofScale agent, group B: SRP and application of QMix agent, group C: SRP and application of MTAD agent. Using a diamond circular saw, the treated portions were divided into horizontal and vertical halves. All samples were viewed under Scanning Electron Microscope. Every tooth was focused at the coronal third, middle third, and apical third portion with a magnification of 1000×. Data were recorded and statistically analyzed. RESULTS: The smear layer removal efficacy was more in the QMix agent (3.06 ± 0.04) group followed by MTAD agent (3.28 ± 0.09) and SofScale agent (4.14 ± 0.10) group on the root surface. On intra group comparison, there was a statistically significant difference found in all the intra group agents with all the three levels. On inter group evaluation, at coronal third, there was no significant difference found between the different agents. There was a significant difference found between the different agents at middle and coronal third. CONCLUSION: On conclusion, the current investigation found that, the root surfaces treated with QMix shown a greater ability to remove smear layers compared to tooth surfaces treated with MTAD and SofScale agent. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Conventional therapies such as SRP effectively eliminate calculus, plaque, and necrosed cementum; nevertheless, they leave behind a smear layer that could impede normal healing. In an effort to overcome this, root conditioning agents were applied on the root surface to remove the smear layer. The traditional root conditioning agents such as citric acid have certain disadvantages, though, such as an acidic pH that could harm the root surface. As a result, researchers have been looking for biocompatible root conditioning treatments that are more effective. How to cite this article: Singh DK, BS Raj H, Soans CR, et al. Assessment of the Smear Layer Removal Efficacy of Three Different Agents on Periodontally Compromised Tooth: An In Vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2024;25(2):156-159.

Porphyromonas gingivalis-induced hematogenous disseminated severe pneumonia: a case report.

Porphyromonas gingivalis, a gram-negative oral anaerobe among more than more than 500 bacterial species that colonizing the oral cavity, is involved in the pathogenesis and prototypic polybacterial consortium of periodontitis. It is mainly found in oral infections and rarely present in other organ diseases. Here, we describe a 43-year-old man with underlying diabetes who developed hematogenous disseminated severe pneumonia after P. gingivalis had invaded the blood. Next-generation sequencing of early alveolar lavage fluid and blood samples confirmed the diagnosis. The patient's lung infection improved after targeted antimicrobial treatment. He was successfully weaned from ventilatory support and transferred to the general ward. This case illustrates bacterial entry into the bloodstream of a patient with diabetes who had periodontal disease but did not maintain oral hygiene, leading to severe pneumonia. Periodontal disease is often ignored by the public, and it is difficult for critical care physicians to link severe pneumonia with periodontal disease. Thus, this case represents an important warning to critical care clinicians.

Impacto del estado periodontal autorreportado en la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud oral en población adulta con diabetes tipo 2 de la Ciudad de México / Impact of self-reported periodontal status on oral health-related quality of life in adult population with Type 2 Diabetes from Mexico City

Fundamentos: la periodontitis es la sexta complicación de la diabetes tipo 2 (dt2); dependiendo de su severidad puede causar dolor, incomodidad o hasta pérdida dental. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar el impacto del estado periodontal autorreportado en la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud oral (cvrso) en personas con dt2. Métodos: se realizó un estudio transversal que incluyó a setenta y nueve adultos con dt2 atendidos en la clínica de síndrome metabólico del instituto nacional de enfermedades respiratorias cosío villegas en la ciudad de méxico, entre agosto y noviembre de 2010. La cvrso se evaluó con el cuestionario perfil de impacto en la salud bucal acortado (ohip-ee14). La periodontitis se evaluó por autorreporte, profundidad al sondeo (ps) y pérdida de inserción clínica (pic). La asociación entre estado periodontal autorreportado y cvrso se evaluó con modelos de regresión binomial negativa. Resultados: la edad promedio fue de 60,4 años (de=9,6); la duración de diabetes de 10,1 años (de=6,6). La cvrso se asoció con la autopercepción de mal aliento (rr=1,58, p=0,025), autopercepción de mala salud de las encías (rr=1,66, p=0,016), insatisfacción de la habilidad para masticar (rr=2,22, p≤0,001), pérdida de algún diente con movilidad previa (rr=1,74, p=0,019) y 20 dientes presentes o menos (rr=1,57, p=0,045). Conclusiones: la cvrso se asocia con el autorreporte de mal aliento, mala salud de las encías e insatisfacción de la habilidad para masticar en personas con dt2; esto sugiere que las condiciones bucales autopercibidas representan signos y síntomas de deterioro funcional y psicológico relacionados con la periodontitis severa.(AU)

Background: periodontitis ranks sixth as a type 2 diabetes (t2d) complication. According to its severity, it may cause pain, discomfort and tooth loss. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of self-reported periodontal status on the oral health related quality of life (ohrqol) of people with t2d.methods: a cross-sectional study was conducted involving seventy-nine adults with t2d who visited the metabolic syndrome clinic at the cosío villegas national institute of respiratory diseases in mexico city between august and november 2010. The ohrqol was evaluated with the shortened oral health impact profile (ohip-ee14). Periodontitis was measured by self-report, probing depth (pd), and clinical attachment loss (cal). The association between self-reported periodontal status and ohrqol was evaluated with binomial regression models.results: mean age of the participants was 60,4 years (sd=9,6); diabetes duration was 10,1 years (sd=6,6). The ohrqol was associated with self-perception of bad breath (rr=1,58; p=0,025), self-perception of poor gum health (rr=1,66; p=0,016), dissatisfaction with chewing ability (rr=2,22; p≤0,001), tooth loss due to mobility (rr=1,74; p=0,019), and presence of 20 teeth or less (rr=1,57; p=0,045). Conclusions: ohrqol is associated with self-report of bad breath, poor gum health and dissatisfaction with chewing ability in people with t2d, which suggests that self-perceived oral conditions represent signs and symptoms of functional and psychological impairment related to severe periodontitis.(AU)

Placental TLR recognition of salivary and subgingival microbiota is associated with pregnancy complications.

BACKGROUND: Pre-term birth, the leading cause of neonatal mortality, has been associated with maternal periodontal disease and the presence of oral pathogens in the placenta. However, the mechanisms that underpin this link are not known. This investigation aimed to identify the origins of placental microbiota and to interrogate the association between parturition complications and immune recognition of placental microbial motifs. Video Abstract METHODS: Saliva, plaque, serum, and placenta were collected during 130 full-term (FT), pre-term (PT), or pre-term complicated by pre-eclampsia (PTPE) deliveries and subjected to whole-genome shotgun sequencing. Real-time quantitative PCR was used to measure toll-like receptors (TLR) 1-10 expression in placental samples. Source tracking was employed to trace the origins of the placental microbiota. RESULTS: We discovered 10,007 functionally annotated genes representing 420 taxa in the placenta that could not be attributed to contamination. Placental microbial composition was the biggest discriminator of pregnancy complications, outweighing hypertension, BMI, smoking, and maternal age. A machine-learning algorithm trained on this microbial dataset predicted PTPE and PT with error rates of 4.05% and 8.6% (taxonomy) and 6.21% and 7.38% (function). Logistic regression revealed 32% higher odds of parturition complication (95% CI 2.8%, 81%) for every IQR increase in the Shannon diversity index after adjusting for maternal smoking status, maternal age, and gravida. We also discovered distinct expression patterns of TLRs that detect RNA- and DNA-containing antigens in the three groups, with significant upregulation of TLR9, and concomitant downregulation of TLR7 in PTPE and PT groups, and dense correlation networks between microbial genes and these TLRs. 70-82% of placental microbiota were traced to serum and thence to the salivary and subgingival microbiomes. The oral and serum microbiomes of PTPE and PT groups displayed significant enrichment of genes encoding iron transport, exosome, adhesion, quorum sensing, lipopolysaccharide, biofilm, and steroid degradation. CONCLUSIONS: Within the limits of cross-sectional analysis, we find evidence to suggest that oral bacteria might translocate to the placenta via serum and trigger immune signaling pathways capable of inducing placental vascular pathology. This might explain, in part, the higher incidence of obstetric syndromes in women with periodontal disease.

Mass spectrometry-based proteomics profiling of dogs with and without oral diseases: a systematic review.

BACKGROUND: Understanding the distinct proteomics profiles in dogs' oral biofluids enhances diagnostic and therapeutic insights for canine oral diseases, fostering cross-species translational research in dentistry and medicine. This study aimed to conduct a systematic review to investigate the similarities and differences between the oral biofluids' proteomics profile of dogs with and without oral diseases. METHODS: PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched with no restrictions on publication language or year to address the following focused question: "What is the proteome signature of healthy versus diseased (oral) dogs' biofluids?" Gene Ontology enrichment and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses of the most abundant proteins were performed. Moreover, protein-protein interaction analysis was conducted. The risk of bias (RoB) among the included studies was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal Checklist for Studies Reporting Prevalence Data. RESULTS: In healthy dogs, the proteomic analysis identified 5,451 proteins, with 137 being the most abundant, predominantly associated with 'innate immune response'. Dogs with oral diseases displayed 6,470 proteins, with distinct associations: 'defense response to bacterium' (periodontal diseases), 'negative regulation of transcription' (dental calculus), and 'positive regulation of transcription' (oral tumors). Clustering revealed significant protein clusters in each case, emphasizing the diverse molecular profiles in health and oral diseases. Only six studies were provided to the JBI tool, as they encompassed case-control evaluations that compared healthy dogs to dogs with oral disease(s). All included studies were found to have low RoB (high quality). CONCLUSION: Significant differences in the proteomics profiles of oral biofluids between dogs with and without oral diseases were found. The synergy of animal proteomics and bioinformatics offers a promising avenue for cross-species research, despite persistent challenges in result validation.