Depresión, Ansiedad y Estrés en Enfermería en el Hospital Psiquiátrico, a 18 Meses de la Pandemia en Paraguay, 2021

Introducción: Los profesionales de salud, especialmente los del área de enfermería, se encuentran en mayores posibilidades de desarrollar trastornos mentales, debido a la alta exposición a condiciones tensionantes propias del ambiente laboral, que afectan integralmente a la persona. Objetivo: Identificar los niveles de depresión, ansiedad y estrés en Enfermería en el Hospital Psiquiátrico, en el hospital psiquiátrico, a 18 meses de la pandemia en Paraguay, 2021. Materiales y métodos: Estudio transversal descriptivo, aplicado a 79 profesionales de enfermería del Hospital Psiquiátrico en noviembre de 2021, mediante un instrumento de auto-llenado con variables sociodemográficas, laborales y clínicas, seguido del Inventario DASS-21. Resultados: Edad promedio 40 años, 63% femenino, 53% estado civil solteros/as, 78% son de asistencia directa y 22% gerenciales, con antigüedad promedio 14 años, 71% con un vínculo laboral, 25% fue muy afectado por la cuarentena, 57% enfermo de COVID-19, 70% no tuvo fallecidos por COVID-19 en su entorno familiar. En relación con los niveles de condiciones emocionales encontrados según el DASS-21, 58% tuvo ansiedad, 53% depresión y 49% estrés. Conclusión: Los porcentajes obtenidos en los diferentes niveles en la investigación son elevados, y se relacionan con las diferentes investigaciones desarrolladas sobre el tema.

Introduction: Healthcare professionals, especially those in nursing, are at a higher risk of developing mental disorders due to their exposure to stressful conditions inherent in the work environment, which profoundly affect individuals. Objective: To identify the levels of depression, anxiety, and stress among nursing staff at the Psychiatric Hospital, 18 months into the pandemic in Paraguay, 2021. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in November 2021, involving 79 nursing professionals at the Psychiatric Hospital. Participants completed a self-administered instrument comprising sociodemographic, occupational, and clinical variables, followed by the DASS-21 Inventory. Results: Average age 40 years, 63% female, 53% single marital status, 78% were direct assistance and 22% managerial, with average seniority of 14 years, 71% with one work relationship, 25% were very affected by quarantine, 57% ill with COVID-19, 70% had no deaths due to COVID-19 in their family environment. In relation to the levels of emotional conditions found according to the DASS-21, 58% had anxiety, 53% depression and 49% stress. Conclusion: The percentages obtained in the different levels in the investigation are high and are related to the different investigations developed on the subject.

Epidemiología del trastorno mental en población infanto juvenil en pandemia. Servicio de urgencias del hospital psiquiátrico de Paraguay, periodo 2020 a 2021

Los trastornos mentales en la población infanto juvenil son motivo de preocupación para los organismos de salud, siendo más evidente en tiempos de pandemia. El presente trabajo se centró en el objetivo de describir la epidemiologia de casos de trastorno mental en la población infanto juvenil del Servicio de Urgencias del Hospital Psiquiátrico de Asunción Paraguay, entre 2020 y 2021. La metodología fue de un estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo de corte trasversal, aplicado a 135 niños y adolescentes que estuvieron internados durante el periodo de estudio, mediante la revisión de historias clínicas. Los principales resultados fueron: 60% mujeres, 96% adolescentes, disminución del 10% en las consultas en el 2021 en comparación al 2020, los principales motivos de consulta fueron el cambio conductual 40%, auto agresividad 27% y agresividad/irritabilidad 22%, 42% presentó antecedentes patológicos familiares, 23% requirió internación, 73% contó con un diagnóstico psiquiátrico, las cinco principales patologías psiquiátricas en la muestra fueron la depresión mayor 21%, trastornos de la personalidad 16%, trastorno psicótico breve 13%, trastornos por consumo de múltiples sustancias 13% y psicosis no orgánica sin especificación 11%. El maltrato se presentó en el 7,4% y de ellos el 90% fueron mujeres. Con el trabajo se evidenció que los trastornos mentales en esta población cuentan con características similares a las de otras investigaciones relacionadas al tema en lo referido a sexo, motivo de consulta, patologías frecuentes y maltrato; siendo una de las principales la relacionada con los trastornos de la conducta.

Mental disorders in the child and adolescent population are a matter of concern for health agencies, being more evident in times of pandemic. The present work focused on the objective of describing the epidemiology of cases of mental disorders in the child and adolescent population, in the Emergency Service of the Psychiatric Hospital of Asunción Paraguay, between 2020 and 2021. The methodology was a quantitative study, descriptive cross-sectional study, applied to 135 children and adolescents who were hospitalized during the study period, by reviewing medical records. The main results were: 60% women, 96% adolescents, 10% decrease in consultations in 2021 compared to 2020, the main reasons for consultation were behavior change 40%, self-aggression 27% and aggressiveness/irritability 22%, 42% had a family pathological history: 23% required hospitalization, 73% had a psychiatric diagnosis. The five main psychiatric conditions in the sample were major depression 21%, personality disorders 16%, brief psychotic disorder 13%, multi-substance use disorders 13%, and non-organic psychosis 11%. Abuse occurred in 7.4% and 90% of them were women. With the work it was evidenced that mental disorders in this population have similar characteristics to those of other investigations related to the subject in relation to sex, reason for consultation, frequent pathologies and abuse; being one of the main ones related to conduct disorders.

Descripción de la concordancia clinicopatológica y satisfacción del paciente en la cirugía menor en un centro de atención primaria / Description of clinical pathological concordance and patient satisfaction in minor surgery in a Primary Care centre

OBJETIVO: Describir las características de la cirugía menor (CM) en un centro de atención primaria (AP) evaluando la concordancia anatomopatológica y clínica, así como la satisfacción del paciente. DISEÑO: Estudio descriptivo y retrospectivo. EMPLAZAMIENTO: Atención primaria, Centro de Salud (CS) urbano en Almería. PARTICIPANTES: La población fueron los usuarios pertenecientes al CS urbano derivados por sus médicos de familia o pediatras para realización de CM a la consulta durante el año 2013 que consintieron la intervención. Se obtuvo una muestra de 223 pacientes. MEDICIONES PRINCIPALES. Las variables analizadas fueron: sexo, edad, localización de las lesiones, tipo de intervención realizada, diagnóstico clínico, diagnóstico anatomopatológico, complicaciones y satisfacción del paciente. Los datos fueron extraídos de la historia clínica, de los informes de anatomía patológica y mediante encuesta de satisfacción realizada vía correo y telefónica a los pacientes. RESULTADOS: En nuestra población la mayoría fue del sexo masculino 53,8%, la edad media fue de 51,12 años con desviación típica de 19,02, la localización de las lesiones que más se intervinieron fue en la cabeza (35,4%). El procedimiento más utilizado fue la electrocirugía (62,8%), biopsiándose solo el 16,9% de las lesiones, de las cuales las más frecuentes fueron los fibromas (32,3%), obteniéndose una correlación clinicopatológica >80% con un índice Kappa de 0,783 (p < 0,001). El número de complicaciones fue bajo. La satisfacción del paciente fue alta. CONCLUSIONES: Aunque se han generalizado técnicas sencillas de CM, como la electrocoagulación, en AP la CM sigue siendo segura y satisfactoria para el usuario

AIM: To describe the minor surgery (MS) characteristics in a Primary Care (PC) centre, and to evaluate the clinical pathological concordance and patient satisfaction. DESIGN: Descriptive and retrospective study. SETTING: Primary Care, urban health care centre, Almería, Spain. PARTICIPANTS: The population were the patients belonging to urban Primary Health Care centre, referred by their family physicians or paediatricians for the performing of MS during year 2013, and who consented to the intervention. A sample of 223 patients was obtained. MAIN MEASUREMENTS: Variables analysed were: sex, age, locations of the lesions, type of intervention, clinical diagnosis, histopathology diagnosis, complications, and patient satisfaction. The data were extracted from the medical history, the histopathology reports, and by using a satisfaction questionnaire completed by post or telephone by the patients. RESULTS: The population consisted of 53.8% males, and had a mean age of 51.12 years (SD 19.02). The location of the most intervened lesions was in the head (35.4%). Electro-surgery was the most used procedure (62.8%), with only 16.9% of the lesions being biopsied, of which the most frequent was fibroids (32.3%). The clinical pathological concordance was > 80% and the Kappa index was 0.783 (P <.001). The complications presented were low. The patient's satisfaction was high. CONCLUSIONS: Although a simple MS technique like electro-surgery has become more extensive, MS in PC remains safe and satisfactory for the user

[Description of clinical pathological concordance and patient satisfaction in minor surgery in a Primary Care centre]. / Descripción de la concordancia clinicopatológica y satisfacción del paciente en la cirugía menor en un centro de atención primaria.

AIM: To describe the minor surgery (MS) characteristics in a Primary Care (PC) centre, and to evaluate the clinical pathological concordance and patient satisfaction. DESIGN: Descriptive and retrospective study. SETTING: Primary Care, urban health care centre, Almería, Spain. PARTICIPANTS: The population were the patients belonging to urban Primary Health Care centre, referred by their family physicians or paediatricians for the performing of MS during year 2013, and who consented to the intervention. A sample of 223 patients was obtained. MAIN MEASUREMENTS: Variables analysed were: sex, age, locations of the lesions, type of intervention, clinical diagnosis, histopathology diagnosis, complications, and patient satisfaction. The data were extracted from the medical history, the histopathology reports, and by using a satisfaction questionnaire completed by post or telephone by the patients. RESULTS: The population consisted of 53.8% males, and had a mean age of 51.12 years (SD 19.02). The location of the most intervened lesions was in the head (35.4%). Electro-surgery was the most used procedure (62.8%), with only 16.9% of the lesions being biopsied, of which the most frequent was fibroids (32.3%). The clinical pathological concordance was >80% and the Kappa index was 0.783 (P<.001). The complications presented were low. The patient's satisfaction was high. CONCLUSIONS: Although a simple MS technique like electro-surgery has become more extensive, MS in PC remains safe and satisfactory for the user.

On the optimal identification of tag sets in time-constrained RFID configurations.

In Radio Frequency Identification facilities the identification delay of a set of tags is mainly caused by the random access nature of the reading protocol, yielding a random identification time of the set of tags. In this paper, the cumulative distribution function of the identification time is evaluated using a discrete time Markov chain for single-set time-constrained passive RFID systems, namely those ones where a single group of tags is assumed to be in the reading area and only for a bounded time (sojourn time) before leaving. In these scenarios some tags in a set may leave the reader coverage area unidentified. The probability of this event is obtained from the cumulative distribution function of the identification time as a function of the sojourn time. This result provides a suitable criterion to minimize the probability of losing tags. Besides, an identification strategy based on splitting the set of tags in smaller subsets is also considered. Results demonstrate that there are optimal splitting configurations that reduce the overall identification time while keeping the same probability of losing tags.