RESUMO
PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy, safety, predictability and stability of the percent tissue altered (PTA) formula in post-LASIK (laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis) ectasia risk assessment. METHODS: One hundred and ninety-three eyes from 104 patients with low to moderate myopia that underwent femtosecond LASIK were included in this retrospective, observational and longitudinal study. Seventy-eight eyes were classified in the higher-PTA (> 40%) group and 115 eyes in the lower-PTA (< 40%) group. Spherical manifest refraction, cylinder manifest refraction, logMAR and Snellen previous corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), anterior face Baiocchi Calossi Versaci index (BCVf) and posterior face (BCVb), central corneal thickness (CCT), estimated residual stromal bed (RSB), spherical aberration (SA) and root mean square (RMS) were reported. All patients were followed up for 4 years. RESULTS: In the higher-PTA group, 97% of eyes reported UDVA 20/20 or better, and in the lower-PTA group, all eyes achieved 20/20 or better. No group reported decreased visual acuity. The higher-PTA group obtained 55% of eyes within ± 0.50 D and 90% within ± 1.00 D; and the lower-PTA group obtained 63% of eyes within ± 0.50 D and 90% within ± 1.00 D. Both groups showed a refraction correction of 0.50 D or more in 36% and 31% of eyes, in the higher-PTA and the lower-PTA groups, respectively. CONCLUSION: Percent tissue altered index should not be considered as a unique variable in post-LASIK ectasia risk assessment. Ectasia susceptibility screening should integrate tomography and biomechanical variables in order to help us to decide any refractive treatment choice and increasing refractive surgery safety.
Assuntos
Ceratomileuse Assistida por Excimer Laser In Situ , Lasers de Excimer , Dilatação Patológica , Humanos , Ceratomileuse Assistida por Excimer Laser In Situ/efeitos adversos , Estudos Longitudinais , Complicações Pós-Operatórias , Refração Ocular , Estudos Retrospectivos , Medição de Risco , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
El síndrome de West (SW) es un síndrome epiléptico de la infancia temprana. Dentro de los fármacos de primera línea utilizados para su tratamiento se encuentran la hormona adrenocorticotropa (ACTH) y Vigabatrina. Estudios sugieren igual efectividad en el uso a largo plazo de ambos para controlar el SW. En Chile, el uso de Vigabatrina ha aumentado dada su mayor disponibilidad, facilidad de uso y menor costo. Se describen 2 casos clínicos presentando complicaciones agudas infrecuentes secundarias a su uso. Ambos pacientes con antecedentes de SW y trisomía 21. Primer caso: Lactante de 11 meses que inicia tratamiento con 100 mg/kg/día de Vigabatrina a los 7 meses, aumentando a 150 mg/kg/día por mala respuesta. Evolucionó con un síndrome extrapiramidal, con alteraciones radiológicas características. Segundo caso: Lactante de 7 meses, que tras iniciar tratamiento con vigabatrina (100 mg/kg/día) desarrolla rash facial sugerente de hipersensibilidad a fármacos antiepilépticos (FAEs), sin compromiso mucoso ni alteraciones sistémicas. Ambas regresan a su basal luego de suspensión o disminución de dosis del medicamento. Destaca la importancia de la monitorización de efectos adversos en el uso de FAEs y atender la aparición de reacciones poco conocidas. Las alteraciones imagenológicas por Vigabatrina son conocidas, no así el síndrome extrapiramidal asociado (primer caso). Por otra parte, las reacciones cutáneas están ampliamente descritas para múltiples FAEs, pero no para Vigabatrina (segundo caso). Dado el uso frecuente de Vigabatrina para tratar SW y otras epilepsias, es fundamental conocer y manejar reacciones adversas poco conocidas como las aquí presentadas. Palabras claves: Síndrome de West, Síndrome de Down, espasmos infantiles, vigabatrina, reacciones adversas, toxicidad, alergia, rash.
West Syndrome is an epileptic syndrome which typically presents in early childhood. In regard to treatment, the first line includes adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and Vigabatrin. Studies suggest similar response in the long term to both treatments. In Chile, Vigabatrin is being used more frequently as it is more available, of easier administration and lower cost. We present in the following report 2 clinical cases that presented acute infrequent complications secondary to its use in patients with both Down and West Syndrome. First case: 11-month-old infant who was initially treated with 100mg/kg/day of Vigabatrin at 7 months of age and increased to 150mg/kg/day due to lack of response. She evolved with an extrapyramidal syndrome with radiological manifestations. The second case: 7-month old toddler who initiated treatment with 100mg/kg/day of Vigabatrin and developed a facial rash, suggestive of hypersensitivity to antiepileptic drugs, with no mucosal or systemic involvement. Both patients returned to their previous condition shortly after Vigabatrin was decreased or discontinued. We emphasize the importance of the early monitorization of adverse effects in the use of antiepileptic drugs and awareness of less common reactions. Radiological findings associated with the use of Vigabatrin are well known, but not the clinical evolution with symptomatic extrapyramidal symptoms, as in the first case. Allergic reactions to the use of antiepileptic drugs have also been reported to several drugs, but not to Vigabatrin (second case). As Vigabatrin is being used more frequently to treat WS and other epilepsies it is important to know and manage uncommon adverse reactions as the ones presented in this report. Keywords: West Syndrome, Down Syndrome, infantile spasms, vigabatrin, adverse reactions, toxicity, allergy, rash
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Lactente , Espasmos Infantis/tratamento farmacológico , Vigabatrina/efeitos adversos , Vigabatrina/uso terapêutico , Espasmos Infantis/diagnóstico por imagem , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Síndrome de Down/tratamento farmacológico , ExantemaRESUMO
Abstract Introduction: Quality of life is an important outcome in paediatric cancer patients. Its evaluation at different times during the clinical course of the disease is essential for clinical practice focused on the needs of the patients. There is not a specific assessment tool for this purpose in Colombia. Objective: To perform the cultural adaptation of the quality of life scale PedsQL (Paediatric Quality of Life) Cancer Module, version 3.0 for use in Colombia. Methods: Permission for use of the scale was obtained and the algorithm steps of the Mapi Research Trust group were followed: Direct and independent translations of scale by two native Colombian Spanish speaking translators, obtaining a preliminary version from the translations. This was followed by a back translation by a native English speaking translator and a review of the process by the author of the scale, inclusion of suggestions, and implementation of the pilot study. Results: Direct translations were similar in the instructions and response options; a consensus meeting in 8 of the 27 items was required to choose the best translation. The author made no suggestions and gave his endorsement to the implementation of the pilot, in which, 2 items were modified in order to improve their understanding. Conclusions: There is a Colombian Spanish version of the PedsQL questionnaire 3.0 Cancer Module, to be submitted for a validation study prior to its use in the assessment of quality of life in paediatric cancer patients.
Resumen Introducción: La calidad de vida es un objetivo importante para los pacientes pediátricos con cáncer. Su evaluación en distintos momentos del curso clínico de la enfermedad es indispensable para un ejercicio clínico centrado en las necesidades de los pacientes. En Colombia no se cuenta con un instrumento específico de evaluación para tal fin. Objetivo: Realizar la adaptación transcultural del cuestionario de calidad de vida infantil transcultural Pediatric Quality of Life Cancer Module version 3.0 (PedsQL) para su uso en Colombia. Métodos: Se obtuvo el permiso para el uso de la escala y se siguieron las etapas del algoritmo del grupo Mapi Research Trust: traducciones directas e independientes de la escala por dos traductores hablantes nativos del español colombiano, obtención de una versión preliminar a partir de las traducciones, retrotraducción por un traductor hablante nativo del inglés, revisión del proceso por el autor de la escala e inclusión de sugerencias y realización de la prueba piloto. Resultados: Las traducciones directas fueron similares en las instrucciones y opciones de respuesta; en 8 de los 27 ítems se requirió una reunión de consenso para escoger la mejor opción de traducción; el autor no hizo propuestas y dio su aval para la aplicación de la prueba piloto, en la cual 2 ítems sufrieron modificaciones con el fin de mejorar su comprensibilidad. Conclusiones: Se cuenta con la versión en español colombiano de la escala PedsQL 3.0 Cancer Module, para someterla a un estudio de validación previo a su uso en la evaluación de la calidad de vida en población pediátrica con cáncer.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Qualidade de Vida , Tradução , Adaptação a Desastres , Projetos Piloto , Colômbia , Grupos Populacionais , Necessidades e Demandas de Serviços de Saúde , Neoplasias/classificaçãoRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Quality of life is an important outcome in paediatric cancer patients. Its evaluation at different times during the clinical course of the disease is essential for clinical practice focused on the needs of the patients. There is not a specific assessment tool for this purpose in Colombia. OBJECTIVE: To perform the cultural adaptation of the quality of life scale PedsQL (Paediatric Quality of Life) Cancer Module, Version 3.0 for use in Colombia. METHODS: Permission for use of the scale was obtained and the algorithm steps of the Mapi Research Trust group were followed: Direct and independent translations of scale by two native Colombian Spanish speaking translators, obtaining a preliminary version from the translations. This was followed by a back translation by a native English speaking translator and a review of the process by the author of the scale, inclusion of suggestions, and implementation of the pilot study. RESULTS: Direct translations were similar in the instructions and response options; a consensus meeting in 8 of the 27 items was required to choose the best translation. The author made no suggestions and gave his endorsement to the implementation of the pilot, in which, 2 items were modified in order to improve their understanding. CONCLUSIONS: There is a Colombian Spanish version of the PedsQL questionnaire 3.0 Cancer Module, to be submitted for a validation study prior to its use in the assessment of quality of life in paediatric cancer patients.
Assuntos
Comparação Transcultural , Neoplasias/psicologia , Qualidade de Vida , Inquéritos e Questionários , Adolescente , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Colômbia , Características Culturais , Feminino , Humanos , Idioma , Masculino , Projetos Piloto , TraduçõesRESUMO
RESUMEN El síndrome de Kearns Sayre (SKS) es una rara mitocondriopatía causada en la mayoría de los casos por deleciones en el ADN mitocondrial, usualmente no heredada y de ocurrencia espontánea. Se caracteriza por disfunción multiorgánica de manifestación antes de los veinte años de edad. Fue descrito por Thomas Kearns y George Sayre, quienes reportaron la tríada de oftalmoplejía externa, retinopatía pigmentaria y bloqueos de la conducción cardíaca, siendo esta última alteración determinante en el pronóstico, así como el número de órganos afectados. Presentamos dos casos de Síndrome de Kearns Sayre con manifestaciones clínicas oftalmológicas en su debut, asociados a debilidad muscular, similar a los casos típicos reportados en la literatura, donde la mayoría de los pacientes presentan compromiso ocular. En la literatura colombiana existen pocos reportes de este síndrome, por lo tanto, esta presentación contribuye al conocimiento de la entidad en nuestro medio, la patología presenta una triada clínica específica, pero a la vez muestra una afección multisistémica que requiere un alto índice de sospecha por parte de las especialidades a las cuales el paciente puede acceder en su cuadro inicial.
SUMMARY The Kearns-Sayre syndrome is a rare mitochondrial disease caused, in most cases by deletions in mitochondrial DNA, usually not inherited and spontaneously occurring. It is characterized by multiorganic dysfunction that typically develops before the age of twenty. Described by Thomas Kearns and George Sayre who reported a case with presence of the triad of external ophthalmoplegia, pigmentary retinopathy and cardiac conduction blocks, the latter being decisive alteration in the forecast, as well as the number of affected organs. We report two cases of Kearns-Sayre syndrome debuting with ophthalmological clinical manifestations, associated with muscle weakness, similar to typical cases reported in the literature where most patients have eye involvement. The Colombian literature there are very few reported cases of this syndrome, so this presentation contributes to the knowledge of this entity in our environment, taking into account that this disease presents a specific clinical triad but both shows multisystem condition, requiring a high index of suspicion on the part of various specialties to which the patient can be accessed.
Assuntos
Oftalmoplegia , Síndrome de Kearns-Sayre , MitocôndriasRESUMO
La enfermedad de Moyamoya es una patología cerebrovascular, de causa desconocida e infrecuente en poblaciónoccidental; se reconoce como evento isquémico en la edad pediátrica, secundario a estenosis progresiva de la porciónintracraneal de la arteria carótida interna y ramas principales. Esto ocasiona reducción del flujo de los vasosmayores de la circulación anterior y provoca desarrollo compensatorio de pequeños vasos colaterales; el manejopuede ser conservador o quirúrgico. Se describen 4 casos pediátricos diagnosticados, manejados y seguidos en laconsulta de neuropediatria, uno de ellos corresponde a un síndrome de Moyamoya, y los otros a enfermedad, a 3pacientes se les realizó manejo conservador y a uno amanejo quirúrgico.