Performance on the Latin American version of the Face-Name Associative Memory Exam (LAS-FNAME) distinguishes individuals with Mild Cognitive Impairment from age-matched controls in a sample from Argentina.

INTRODUCTION: The Latin American Spanish version of the Face-Name Associative Memory Exam (LAS-FNAME) has shown promise in identifying cognitive changes in those at risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, its applicability for Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) detection in the Latin American population remains unexplored. This study aims to analyze the psychometric properties in terms of validity and reliability and diagnostic performance of the LAS-FNAME for the detection of memory disorders in patients with amnestic MCI (aMCI). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 31 participants with aMCI, diagnosed by a neurologist according to Petersen's criteria, and 19 healthy controls. Inclusion criteria for the aMCI group were to be 60 years of age or older, report cognitive complaints, have a memory test score (Craft Story 21) below a -1.5 z-score and have preserved functioning in activities of daily living. Participants completed LAS-FNAME and a comprehensive neuropsychological assessment. RESULTS: LAS-FNAME showed the ability to discriminate against healthy controls from patients with aMCI (AUC= 75) in comparison with a gold-standard memory test (AUC = 69.1). LAS-FNAME also showed evidence of concurrent and divergent validity with a standard memory test (RAVLT) (r = 0.58, p < .001) and with an attention task (Digit Span) (r = -0.37, p = .06). Finally, the reliability index was very high (α = 0.88). DISCUSSION: LAS-FNAME effectively distinguished aMCI patients from healthy controls, suggesting its potential for detecting early cognitive changes in Alzheimer's prodromal stages among Spanish speakers.

Magnetic order and magnetic anisotropy in two-dimensional ilmenenes.

Iron ilmenene is a new two-dimensional material that has recently been exfoliated from the naturally occurring iron titanate found in ilmenite ore, a material that is abundant on the earth's surface. In this work, we theoretically investigate the structural, electronic and magnetic properties of 2D transition-metal-based ilmenene-like titanates. The study of magnetic order reveals that these ilmenenes usually present intrinsic antiferromagnetic coupling between the 3d magnetic metals decorating both sides of the Ti-O layer. Furthermore, the ilmenenes based on late 3d brass metals, such as CuTiO3 and ZnTiO3, become ferromagnetic and spin compensated, respectively. Our calculations which include spin-orbit coupling reveal that the magnetic ilmenenes have large magnetocrystalline anisotropy energies when the 3d shell departs from being either filled or half-filled, with their spin orientation being out-of-plane for elements below half-filling of 3d states and in-plane above. These interesting magnetic properties of ilmenenes make them useful for future spintronic applications because they could be synthesized as already realized in the iron case.

Maltrato psicológico a los niños, niñas y adolescentes en la familia: definición y valoración de su gravedad / Child psychological maltreatment in the family: definition and severity assessment

El maltrato psicológico a los niños, niñas y adolescentes en la familia es una de las tipologías principales y potencialmente más dañinas de desprotección infantil y a la vez una de las que presenta mayores dificultades para su identificación, evaluación y abordaje. Sin embargo, la atención que ha recibido por parte de investigadores y profesionales y responsables de los Servicios de Protección Infantil ha sido limitada, en comparación con otras tipologías como el abuso sexual, el maltrato físico e incluso la negligencia. Uno de los primeros problemas que aparecen al revisar el conocimiento disponible sobre el maltrato psicológico es la dificultad para su definición. En este artículo se presenta una revisión al respecto, junto con una revisión de algunos instrumentos diseñados para valorar su gravedad. Éstos han servido de base para la elaboración en la Comunidad Autónoma Vasca (España) de criterios más específicos que los hasta ahora disponibles en los servicios de infancia en España para la valoración de la existencia y gravedad del maltrato psicológico. El artículo presenta dichos criterios (AU)

Psychological maltreatment is one of the main and potentially more destructive forms of child maltreatment. It is difficult to identify, assess and treat. Compared to other forms of child maltreatment such as sexual abuse, physical abuse and neglect, attention received from researchers, child protection service managers and practitioners has been scarce. A review of available knowledge about psychological maltreatment reveals challenges to define the concept in ways useful to policy makers and practitioners. This paper presents a review of definitions of child psychological maltreatment and several measures available for assessing its severity. The review has been used in the Comunidad Autónoma Vasca (Spain) to develop more specific criteria for the identification and severity assessment of child psychological maltreatment in Spanish children services. This paper develops these criteria (AU)

Análisis de la implementación de unas reglas de decisión clínica: reglas del tobillo de Ottawa / Analysis of the implementation of a clinical decision rules: Ottawa ankle rules

Introducción: Las Reglas del Tobillo de Ottawa (RTO) son reglas de decisión clínica que permiten disminuir la variabilidad en la práctica clínica y hacer un uso correcto de las radiografías (Rx). A pesar de su seguridad, ventajas y de haber sido validadas en diferentes ámbitos, actualmente están escasamente implementadas. Objetivo: Analizar la implementación de las RTO y la sensibilidad de la detección de fracturas. Metodología: Diseño: Prospectivo, con aplicación de las RTO y medición del resultado. Ámbito: Urgencias hospitalarias. Sujetos: Adultos atendidos con una lesión traumática aguda de tobillo, desde el 23/11/1998 al 23/06/1999. Intervención: Solicitud de la Rx en función de los criterios de las RTO. Seguimiento telefónico a los pacientes que no se les ha solicitado la Rx. Resultados: De los 883 pacientes con traumatismo agudo de tobillo atendidos, se valoró la aplicación de las RTO en 678 (76,8 por ciento). La implementación de las RTO ha permitido ahorrar un 18,5 por ciento de las Rx de tobillo y un 6,8 por ciento de las Rx de pie. Las RTO presentaron una sensibilidad del 100 por ciento (IC 95=92,3-100 por ciento) y una especificidad del 21,4 por ciento (IC 95=17,7-25,8 por ciento) Conclusiones: 1- Consideramos adecuado aunque mejorable el uso de las RTO en nuestro servicio, a pesar de que el índice de implementación sea menor de lo esperado. 2- La sensibilidad del 100 por ciento demostrada en nuestro estudio confirma la eficacia y validez clínica de las reglas, permitiendo hacer un uso eficiente de las Rx (AU)

Behavior problems in school-aged physically abused and neglected children in Spain.

The present study investigated behavior problems in school-aged physically abused, neglected, and comparison children in the Basque Country (Spain). Data from the Teacher's Report Form of the Child Behavior Checklist was obtained on 66 children consisting of three groups (17 physically abused children, 24 physically neglected children, and 25 low-risk comparison children). The three groups were matched on seven sociodemographic variables. Overall, the abused and neglected children were higher than the comparison group on Total Behavior Problems scores. However, only neglected children obtained higher scores than the comparison group on the total score of the Externalized Scale, and only abused children scored higher than the comparison group on the total score of the Internalized Scale. Follow-up analysis indicated that both abused and neglected children had higher scores on the Social Problems, Delinquent Behavior, and Attention Problems subscales. Moreover, neglected children had higher scores on the Aggressive Behavior subscale than the comparison children, and abused children had higher scores on the Withdrawn subscale than the comparison children. The abused and neglected children also showed a lower school adjustment than the comparison group. Possible explanations of these findings are discussed and their implications for research and treatment are considered.

[Convergent validity of the preliminary Spanish version of the Child Abuse Potential Inventory: depression and marital adjustment]. / Validez convergente de la versión española preliminar del Child Abuse Potential Inventory: depresión y ajuste marital.

This paper studies the "convergent validity" of the preliminary spanish version of the Child Abuse Potential (CAP) Inventory. In relation to the ecological-systemic model of child maltreatment, this inventory evaluates individual, family, and social factors which facilitate the occurrence of physical child abuse. Depression and marital adjustment were measured in three groups of mothers: one group of mother-perpetrators of physical child abuse (n = 20), another group of mothers with a rate superior to cut-off (percentile = 95) in the CAP Inventory (n = 15), and a group of mothers with low punctuation (under percentile 25) in the CAP Inventory (n = 15). The two last groups (High CAP and Low CAP) come from a larger sample of 829 subjects which are a demographically representative sample of the population of País Vasco (in Spain). Because of variations in the detection of social services, the physically abused group is formed by the most extreme and severe cases. The three groups of mothers were matched as to socio-economic family status, education, civil status, age of the mother, sex of the child, number of children. It was expected that in these variables, depression and marital adjustment, the group with physical abuse would resemble the High CAP group and that both groups would be significantly different from the Low CAP group. Results partially confirm these hypothesis, supporting the possibilities of developing a Spanish version of the CAP Inventory for detection of physical child abuse.