Effect of 8-Week Consumption of a Dietary Pattern Based on Fruit, Avocado, Whole Grains, and Trout on Postprandial Inflammatory and Oxidative Stress Gene Expression in Obese People.

Overweight and obesity constitute a major global public health problem. Healthy dietary patterns induce changes at the molecular level. Currently, there are no studies evaluating the effect of a diet based on fruit, avocado, whole grains, and trout (FAWGT diet) on the expression of obesity-related genes. This randomized controlled crossover study included 44 obese Colombians with BMI ≥30 kg/m2 who followed either a FAWGT diet or a usual diet (UD) characterized by a high intake of saturated fat and foods rich in processed carbohydrates. After 8 weeks of intervention, a postprandial expression study of inflammation and oxidative stress-related genes was carried out with a real-time PCR. The intervention with a FAWGT diet decreased the expression of inflammatory (NFKB1, IL6, IL1ß) and oxidative stress (NFE2L2) genes compared with the intake of the UD. Finally, the postprandial expression of NFkB1 was positively correlated with triglyceride levels after a dietary intervention with the FAWGT diet and the IL1ß gene, and likewise with insulin levels after following the usual diet. The consumption of the FAWGT diet for 8 weeks reduced the inflammatory status; thus, it can be considered a valid alternative to other healthy diets, since it induces beneficial changes on the genes involved in inflammation and oxidative stress in obese people.

Alternative Foods in Cardio-Healthy Dietary Models That Improve Postprandial Lipemia and Insulinemia in Obese People.

Obesity is one of the major health problems worldwide. Following healthy dietary patterns can be difficult in some countries due to the lack of availability of certain foods; thus, alternative foods are needed. Our aim was to evaluate the effect of a dietary pattern consisting of fruit, avocado, whole grains, and trout (FAWGT) on postprandial insulinemia and lipemia in obese Colombian subjects. A randomized controlled crossover study was conducted, in which 44 subjects with BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 followed either a FAWGT diet or a diet high in saturated fat and rich in processed carbohydrates. Levels of lipids and carbohydrates were measured during the postprandial state. The FAWGT diet reduced fasting insulin, VLDL, and HOMA-IR after 8 weeks (p < 0.05), while there was a lower postprandial increase in TG, VLDL, and insulin levels after both acute and chronic intake of FAWGT diet (p < 0.05). The intake of FAWGT-diet was characterized by high consumption of foods rich in fiber, MUFAs, and vitamins C and E (p < 0.05). The consumption of a diet composed of fruit, avocado, whole grains, and trout has emerged as a valid alternative to the foods included in other heart-healthy diets since it improves postprandial lipemia and insulinemia in obese people and has similar beneficial effects to these healthy models.

Psychological aspects of a group of patients with obesity, candidates for bariatric surgery

Introduction: Obesity is a worldwide problem, and thereare several genetic, metabolic and, social factors that can in-crease the risk of suffering it, however, psychological aspectsplay an important role in the development of the disease. Itis known that bariatric surgery has been a method that im-proves the quality of life in patients with obesity and evenmore so when intervening in the area of mental health. Objective: To evaluate which are the most relevant psy-chological aspects associated with the development of obesityin patients who are candidates for bariatric surgery. Methodology: It is a study with a quantitative focus, it isa prospective transversal study with a level of descriptiveanalysis, in a group of 30 women with obesity who are can-didates for bariatric surgery. They were evaluated employinga semi-structured interview and instruments that allowedthem to identify the existence of anxiety, psychopathologicalsymptoms, somatic symptoms, and positive mental health. Results: It was identified that, on average, each womanpresents 3 pathological symptoms related to mental health asa major depressive episode, suicide risk, life-long anxiety dis-orders, and generalized anxiety, and that 28.97% of the eval-uated population presents trait anxiety. Likewise, 80% of theparticipants manifested a constant presence of somatic symp-toms added to the physiological problems that obesity brings. Discussion: The women with obesity evaluated presenttrait anxiety, that is, it is more linked to their personality, andtherefore require greater psychological and nutritional ac-companiment Conclusion. women candidates for bariatric surgery pres-ent comorbidity with anxiety, distress, depression, and suici-dal risk, so they should have psychological and multidiscipli-nary care. (AU)

Postprandial lipid profile in young colombian people. A comparison of two breakfasts / Perfil lipídico posprandial en jóvenes colombianos. Una comparación de dos desayunos

El objetivo fue comparar el perfil lipídico posprandial de estudiantes universitarios que ingirieron un desayuno característico de la región andina colombiana, alto en grasas saturadas y bajo en carbohidratos complejos, en comparación con un desayuno experimental con bajo contenido de grasa y alto en carbohidratos complejos; y su relación con medidas antropométricas. 75 estudiantes universitarios consumieron uno de los dos desayunos después de un ayuno de 12 horas. Se realizó un perfil completo de lípidos en ayunas, tres y seis horas después de la ingestión del desayuno. De los 75 pacientes, 11 fueron excluidos, 28 personas consumieron el desayuno experimental y 36 el habitual. No hubo diferencias significativas entre los dos grupos; sin embargo, hubo una tendencia a disminuir los niveles de todos los componentes del perfil lipídico en el desayuno experimental, excepto las lipoproteínas de alta densidad (HDL). El área bajo la curva (AUC) no difirió entre los desayunos. El índice de masa corporal (IMC) y la relación cintura / cadera (WHR) obtuvo una relación inversa con el HDL y una relación directa con las lipoproteínas de baja densidad (LDL). En conclusión, no hubo diferencias en el efecto agudo de ambos desayunos, posiblemente debido a factores como: el tabaquismo, el ejercicio, el estilo de vida sedentario, el tipo de alimento utilizado en la dieta; variables que no fueron discriminadas en este estudio. La principal contribución de este estudio es la descripción del comportamiento a lo largo del tiempo de las variables del perfil lipídico y su relación con las variables antropométricas. Es posible que el efecto de estas dietas sea significativo a largo plazo

The aim was to compare the postprandial lipid profile of university students who ate a regular breakfast of the Colombian Andean region, high in saturated fats and low in complex carbohydrates, compared with an experimental breakfast with low fat content and high in complex carbohydrates and its relation with anthropometric measurements. 75 university students consumed one of the two breakfasts after a 12-hour fast. A complete lipid profile was performed in a fasted state, three and six hours after breakfast ingestion. Of the 75 patients, 11 were withdrawn, 28 people consumed the experimental breakfast and 36 the usual one. There was no significant difference between the two groups; however there was a tendency to decrease the levels of all the components of the lipid profile in the experimental breakfast, except for High density lipoprotein (HDL). The Area under the Curve (AUC) did not show differences between breakfasts. The body mass index (BMI) and the waist / hip ratio (WHR) showed an inverse relationship with HDL and a direct relationship with Low density lipoproteins (LDL). In conclusion, there were not differences in the acute effect of both breakfasts, possibly due to factors such as smoking, exercise, sedentary lifestyle, type of food used in the diet, variables that were not discriminated in this study. The main contribution of this study is the description of the behavior over time of the lipid profile variables and their relationship with the anthropometric variables. It is possible that the effect of these diets is likely to be significant in the long terms

Prevalencia de adicción al juego y estrategias de afrontamiento de adolescentes escolarizados en el municipio de la Unión (Colombia) / Prevalence of addiction to gambling and coping strategies of adolescents enrolled in the town of Union (Colombia)

Objetivo Identificar la prevalencia de adicción al juego y las estrategias de afrontamiento empleadas por jóvenes escolarizados en un municipio de Colombia. MetodologíaEstudio descriptivo, transversal en una población de 294 estudiantes adolescentes escolarizados. Para la medición del riesgo de juego se usó el cuestionario de Fisher basado en los criterios del DSM IV- J y se aplicó la escala de estrategias de afrontamiento para adolescentes (ACS) diseñada por Frydenberg y Lewis. Resultados El 73,5% de los participantes afirmó que había jugado alguna vez en su vida en máquinas paga monedas y el 79,6% reportaron haber hecho uso de video y juegos en línea. Entre los varones, se clasificaron como probables jugadores sociales el 7,5% y como probables jugadores patológicos el 2,5% y entre las mujeres el 17,2% y el 11,2%, respectivamente. Las estrategias de afrontamiento más utilizadas por los jóvenes fueron: hacerse ilusiones, falta afrontamiento, reducción de la tensión, acción social, ignorar el problema, auto inculparse, reservarlo para sí y reducción de la tensión. Conclusiones Los resultados se convierten en un referente para la creación de programas de intervención en salud mental, orientados a generar estrategias de prevención que lleven a los jóvenes a dominar sus impulsos de jugar, a auto-regular el tiempo que pasan jugando y a tratar a quienes tengan dificultades para controlar sus impulsos de jugar, con el fin de que puedan rehabilitarse de manera oportuna.

ObjectiveTo identify the prevalence of gambling addiction and coping strategies used by youth enrolled in a municipality of Colombia. Methodology Descriptive cross-sectional study in a population of 294 school adolescent students. Questionnaire Fisher based on criteria of DSM IV - J was used for measuring the risk of game and applied the scale of coping strategies for adolescents (ACS) designed by Frydenberg and Lewis. Results73,5% of respondents stated that he had played once in his life in machines pay coins and 79,6% reported having made use of video and games online. Among men, it was classified as probable social players 7,5% and as probable pathological players 2,5%, and among women the 17,2% and 11,2%, respectively. Coping strategies used most by young people were: do illusions, lack coping, stress, social action, ignoring the problem, auto indict is, reserve it for themselves and stress reduction. ConclusionsThe results become a reference for the creation of intervention in mental health programs, oriented to generate prevention strategies that lead to young people to master their impulses of play, to auto-regulate the time spent playing and to treat those who have difficulties to control their impulses to play, so they can be rehabilitated in a timely manner.