Thermoregulatory capacity of goat kids from birth to weaning in a dry hot climate.

This study aimed to evaluate the thermoregulatory capacity and performance of Saanen goat kids from birth to weaning in a hot climate. Twelve newborn males and female goat kids with an initial body weight of 4.17 ± 0.81 kg were used. Physiological responses, climatic variables, and biometric traits data were collected. Univariate and multivariate analysis techniques were used. Heart rate (HR) was high up to the 6th week of life, with a reduction from the 7th week on (P < 0.001). Rectal temperature (RT) was lower in the first 2 weeks (P < 0.001), with an increase and stabilization occurring in the 7th and 8th weeks. Coat surface temperature (ST) was more activated from the 5th week onwards (P < 0.001). Body weight (BW) and withers height (WH) were higher in later weeks of the calving phase with a linear effect (P < 0.001). The first principal component demonstrated the relationship of sensible heat dissipation × body area of the goat kids; the second component shows the relationship of meteorological data with RT, having a positive relationship between RT with RH and negative with AT, and the third component points to the association of RR and HR. Of the animals, 81.3% were correctly classified in their group of origin in discriminant canonical analysis, with emphasis on the classification of the kids in the 1st-2nd and 3rd-4th weeks (classification percentage Æ© = 95.8%). It is concluded that (i) newborn kids activate latent mechanisms to maintain their homoeothermic during the first 2 weeks of life, and as they grow, they use sensitive heat loss processes, especially from the 5th week of life onwards and (ii) male and female goats do not show sexual dimorphism effect on body performance and body morphometric measurements up to 60 days of life.

Fatty acid, chemical, and tissue composition of meat comparing Santa Inês breed sheep and Boer crossbreed goats submitted to different supplementation strategies.

To compare the fatty acid (FA) composition, and chemical and tissue composition of meat, 24 uncastrated males, 12 sheep of the Santa Inês breed, and 12 crossbred goats (F1 Boer × undefined breed) with the weight of 24.3 ± 2.38 kg. The animals were distributed in a randomized block design and treatments were arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial design, two small ruminant species/breed (Boer crossbreed goat × Santa Inês breed sheep), and two supplementation strategies (energy × protein energy). There was not an interaction between the small ruminant species and the supplementation on average daily gain, tissue composition, chemical composition, or FA profile of the longissimus lumborum muscle. Sheep presented greater weight and yield of fat in the subcutaneous, intermuscular, and total depots than goats, which results in better finishing of the sheep for slaughter. Goat meat presented a lower lipid concentration than sheep meat. The protein-energy supplementation increased oleic acid, ΣUFA, ΣMUFA, hypocholesterolemic/ Hypercholesterolemic index, and enzymatic activity Δ9-desaturase C18 and decreased SFA capric acid in the muscle when compared with energetic supplementation. In Caatinga biome conditions, Boer crossbreed goats meat has a lower concentration of lipids and a healthier FA composition compared with Santa Inês breed sheep because it has a lower SFA and greater PUFA content, which are sources of n-3 and n-6, which may contribute to the reduction of blood cholesterol (LDL). In addition, protein-energy supplementation also improved the quality of animal fat compared with supplementation only with the energetic concentrate, regardless of species.

Aproveitamento de carne caprina de animais de descarte na formulação de um embutido cru tipo hambúrger / Exploitation of goat meat of animals of discarding in the formularization of a raw inlaid work type to hamburger

Este trabalho teve por objetivo o estudo do aproveitamento de carne caprina de animais Sem Raça Definida (SRD), com idade superior a 24 meses, na elaboração de um embutido cru tipo hambúrger. Elaboram-se cinco formulações com diferentes percentuais de carne caprina e bovina, A, B, D e E, com 100, 75, 50, 25 e 0 por cento de carne caprina, respectivamente, mantendo-se todos os outros ingredientes constantes. Todas as formulações foram submetidas a testes de aceitação global e de atributos de qualidade sensoriais através de Escala Hedônica de 9 pontos, por uma equipe composta de 40 provadores não treinados, consumidores de hambúrger. Os resultados submetidos a análise de valiância (ANOVA) e teste de Tukey, revelaram que as formulações C e D, contendo 50 e 25 por cento de carne caprina, respectivamente, não diferiram significativamente (P > 0,05), sendo escolhida a formulação C como a de melhor aceitação entre os consumidores. Os resultados obtidos nos testes de vida de prateleira indicaram uma boa aceitação global e estabilidade desta formulação durante 180 dias de estocagem à temperatura de -18º C.