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BACKGROUND: Many adolescent and young adult (AYA) patients with breast cancer (BC) receive adjuvant therapy as initial treatment, with long-term bone marrow suppression as a potential complication, but no studies have evaluated the impact of race/ethnicity on the development of bone marrow suppression in AYA BC survivors. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Female patients ages 15-39 years diagnosed with BC (2006-2018) and surviving ≥ 2 years were identified from the California Cancer Registry and linked to statewide hospitalization data. We estimated the cumulative incidence of developing late effects of bone marrow suppression, such as leukopenia, anemia, thrombocytopenia, bleeding, and infection/sepsis, during hospital discharge diagnoses present ≥ 2 years after diagnosis. We examined the impact of sociodemographic and clinical factors on late effects using multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression. RESULTS: Of 11,293 patients, 42.8% were non-Hispanic (nH) White, 28.8% Hispanic, 19.5% nH Asian/Pacific Islander, and 7.5% nH Black. In multivariable analyses, nH Blacks had the highest risk (versus nH Whites) of anemia [hazard ratio (HR) 1.72, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.47-2.02], leukopenia (HR 1.56, CI 1.14-2.13), thrombocytopenia (HR 1.46, CI 1.08-1.99), major infection/sepsis (HR 1.64, CI 1.4-1.92), and bleeding (HR 1.89, CI 1.39-2.58). Hispanics had a higher risk of developing anemia (HR 1.17, CI 1.04-1.32), bleeding (HR 1.4, CI 1.12-1.76), and major infections/sepsis (HR 1.36, CI 1.21-1.52). Asian/Pacific Islanders had only a higher risk of developing bleeding (HR 1.33, CI 1.03-1.72). Patients from a low neighborhood socioeconomic status had a 20% higher risk of infection/sepsis (HR 1.21, CI 1.1-1.34), but there were no associations for the other late effects. CONCLUSIONS: We identified that AYAs of nH Black, Hispanic, and Asian/Pacific Islander race/ethnicity are at an increased risk of several late effects after adjuvant therapy compared with nH White patients. From these data, providers can implement early/frequent screening of hematologic late effects in these high-risk survivors.
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Abstract: The Erice 58 Charter titled "The Health of Migrants: a Challenge of Equity for the Public Health System", was unanimously approved at the conclusion of the 58th Residential Course of the School of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine 'Giuseppe D'Alessandro' entitled "The Health of Migrants: a Challenge of Equity for the Public Health System. Epidemiological, clinical-relational, regulatory, organisational, training and public communication aspects at international, national and local level', which took place from 28 March to 2 April 2022 in Erice (Sicily, Italy), at the 'Ettore Majorana' Foundation and Centre for Scientific Culture. The Course was promoted by the Italian Society of Migration Medicine (S.I.M.M.) and the Italian Society of Hygiene, Preventive Medicine and Public Health (SItI), with the collaboration and patronage of the Istituto Superiore di Sanità (ISS). 72 learners participated (mainly resident doctors in 'Hygiene and Preventive Medicine' but also other health service professionals), whose average age was 37 years; on the basis of territorial origin, 13 of the 20 Italian regions were represented. During the intense learning experience, which consisted of 18 frontal lessons (with 20 lecturers from the bio-medical, socio-anthropological and journalistic fields) and 7 working group sessions (supported by 4 classroom tutors in addition to the lecturers) in 'blended learning' mode, the various dimensions and critical issues related to the possibility of guaranteeing truly inclusive health policies for foreigners/migrants, throughout the country, were identified and discussed from an 'Health Equity' perspective. This enabled a small editorial group to draw up the basic document that, in the last session of the Course, was discussed and modified by all participants into the version of the 'Erice 58 Charter' presented here.
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Saúde Pública , Migrantes , Humanos , Adulto , Saúde Pública/educação , Higiene , Itália , Sicília , Instituições AcadêmicasRESUMO
Introduction: Depression is a common disease worldwide but still, the role of combined treatment (pharmacological and psychological interventions) needs to be clarified. The study aims to compare the effectiveness of integrated treatment versus exclusive pharmacological intervention of depression. Materials and methods: The observational prospective study provided the collection of data relating to outpatients evaluated through the administration of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS), and the Clinical Global Impression Scale (CGI) both at T0 and at a 3-month follow up visit (T1). Results: A statically significant association between sex (female) and psychotherapy utilization emerged. A statistically significant association between education (graduated patients) and psychotherapy use was observed. The other qualitative variables showed no statistically significance associations. No significant association between drop out and type of treatment emerged. Discussion: Clinical research has not yet conclusively demonstrated the superiority of combined therapy over single treatments. As regards sex, the result is in line with the professional literature and provides support in describing how men have more stigmatizing beliefs about treatment of mental health. As regards education, graduated people present higher rates of adherence probably because they may have major introspective capacity and predisposition to communication. Conclusions: Limitations consist in small sample and short duration of the follow-up (3 months). The strengths, in the type of setting and the respect for routine clinical practice. Future perspective of the research could focus on application of rating instruments to highlight the variables involved in depressive disorder.
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Depressão , Psicoterapia , Masculino , Humanos , Feminino , Estudos Prospectivos , Psicoterapia/métodos , Terapia Combinada , Transtornos de AnsiedadeRESUMO
Duckweeds are aquatic plants often used in phytotoxic studies for their small size, simple structure, rapid growth, high sensitivity to pollutants and facility of maintaining under laboratory conditions. In this paper, induced phytotoxic effects were investigated in Lemna minor and Lemna minuta after exposition to silver nitrate (AgNO3) and silver nanoparticles stabilized with sodium citrate and L-Cysteine (AgNPs-Cit-L-Cys) at different concentrations (0, 20 and 50 mg/L) and times (7 and 14 days). Lemna species responses were evaluated analyzing plant growth (mat thickness, fresh and dry biomass, relative growth rate - RGR) and physiological parameters (chlorophyll - Chl, malondialdehyde - MDA, ascorbate peroxidase - APX and catalase - CAT). Ag content was measured in the fronds of the two Lemna species by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. AgNO3 and AgNPs-Cit-L-CYs produced phytotoxic effects on both duckweed species (plant growth and Chl reduction, MDA increase) that enhanced in response to increasing concentrations and exposure times. AgNPs-Cit-L-Cys caused much less alteration in the plants compared to AgNO3 suggesting that the presence of bifunctionalized AgNPs-Cit-L-Cys have a reduced phytotoxic effect as compared to Ag+ released in water. Based on the physiological performance, L. minuta plants showed a large growth reduction and higher levels of chlorosis and stress in respect to L. minor plants, probably due to greater Ag+ ions accumulation in the fronds. Albeit with some differences, both Lemna species were able to uptake Ag+ ions from the aqueous medium, especially over a period of 14 days, and could be considered adapt as phytoremediation agents for decontaminating silver ion-polluted water.
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Araceae , Nanopartículas Metálicas , Poluentes Químicos da Água , Corantes/farmacologia , Cisteína , Nanopartículas Metálicas/química , Nanopartículas Metálicas/toxicidade , Prata/toxicidade , Nitrato de Prata/toxicidade , Água/farmacologia , Poluentes Químicos da Água/toxicidadeRESUMO
Inadequate response to antidepressant treatment, in a significant proportion of patients diagnosed with Major Depressive Disorder, contributes to the large burden of disability associated with the disease; thus, predicting treatment response is one of the most important challenge for clinicians who deal with depressed patients. The cytokine hypothesis of depression suggests that altered pheripheral cytokine levels are involved in the pathophysiology of depressive disorder and in modulating response to treatment. Present meta-analysis aimed to investigate the association between cytokine levels at baseline and response to antidepressant therapies. Authors performed a systematic search of PubMed and Embase databases for studies published between 2010 and January 2021: of 3345 identified records, 31 studies met the inclusion criteria for the qualitative synthesis, whereas 19 studies were eligible for quantitative analysis. Patients who failed to respond to antidepressant had aberrant inflammatory process, namely higher baseline levels of C-Reactive Protein and Interleukine-8, which is associated with treatment outcome in Major Depressive Disorder. Despite these promising results, further investigations are needed in order to replicate the data and to examine the potential role of inflammatory marker as a novel predictive tool for pharmacological treatment of depressive disorder.
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Transtorno Depressivo Maior , Antidepressivos/farmacologia , Antidepressivos/uso terapêutico , Biomarcadores , Citocinas/uso terapêutico , Transtorno Depressivo Maior/tratamento farmacológico , Humanos , Psicoterapia/métodosRESUMO
At present, the time-frame used for the quarantine of individuals with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is the entire duration of symptoms plus 14 days after symptom recovery; however, no data have been reported specifically for healthcare workers (HCWs). In the study population of 142 HCWs with COVID-19, the mean time for viral clearance was 31.8 days. Asymptomatic subjects cleared the virus more quickly than symptomatic subjects (22 vs 34.2 days; P<0.0001). The presence of fever at the time of diagnosis was associated with a longer time to viral clearance (relative risk 11.45, 95% confidence interval 8.66-14.25; P<0.0001). These findings may have a significant impact on healthcare strategies for the future management of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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COVID-19/transmissão , Infecções por Coronavirus/epidemiologia , Infecções por Coronavirus/prevenção & controle , Pessoal de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto , COVID-19/diagnóstico , COVID-19/epidemiologia , COVID-19/virologia , Infecções por Coronavirus/transmissão , Transmissão de Doença Infecciosa/prevenção & controle , Feminino , Hospitalização/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Itália/epidemiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Quarentena/normas , SARS-CoV-2/genética , Carga Viral/tendências , Eliminação de Partículas Virais/efeitos dos fármacos , Eliminação de Partículas Virais/fisiologiaRESUMO
PURPOSE: This paper analyzes Tomotherapy-based intracranial stereotactic radiosurgery (HTSRS) of brain metastasis targeting two end-points: 1) evaluation of dose homogeneity, conformity and gradient scores for single and multiple lesions and 2) assay of dosimetric criticality of completion of HTSRS procedures. METHODS: 42 treatment plans of 33 patients (53 brain lesions) treated with HTSRS were analyzed. Dose to healthy brain, homogeneity, conformity and gradient indexes were evaluated for each lesion. Influence of Field Length and multiple lesions cross-talk effect were assessed. Treatment interruption and completion was investigated using radiochromic films in order to examine the delivered dose and its robustness to patient intrafraction movement. RESULTS: The average dose homogeneity index was 1.04⯱â¯0.02 (SD). Average dose conformity and gradient score indexes were 1.4⯱â¯0.2 and 50⯱â¯14 respectively. We found a strong correlation of the dose to healthy brain and conformity and gradient indexes with target(s) volume for which analytical functions were obtained. Field Length and cross-talk effect were significantly correlated with poor gradient scores, but were found not to affect dose conformity. CONCLUSIONS: Homogeneity and conformity of HTSRS plans achieved excellent scores, while dose falloff and dose to healthy brain were slightly larger when compared with non-coplanar SRS techniques. Care should be given if treating large (>3â¯cc) or multiple near in-plane lesions in order to reduce dose to healthy brain. Analysis of interrupted treatments suggests splitting HTSRS treatments in two consecutive fractions in order to prevent target miss and overdosage due to patient intrafraction movement.
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Neoplasias Encefálicas/radioterapia , Neoplasias Encefálicas/secundário , Radiocirurgia , Dosagem Radioterapêutica , Radioterapia de Intensidade Modulada , Encéfalo/efeitos da radiação , Dosimetria Fotográfica , Humanos , Qualidade da Assistência à Saúde , Radiocirurgia/métodos , Radioterapia de Intensidade Modulada/métodosRESUMO
This ongoing study investigates the neural correlates of ankle dorsi-plantar flexion in active, passive, and proprioceptive tasks. Specifically, we investigated two proprioceptive matching tasks that required a simple combination of active and passive ankle movements: (1) a memory-based ipsilateral matching task and (2) a contralateral concurrent matching task. As expected, during the passive tasks, subjects recruited the same brain areas involved in the correspondent active movements (primary motor cortex (M1), premotor cortex (PM) supplementary motor cortex (SMA) and primary somatosensory cortex (S1)), but the activations were lower. Instead, in both the proprioceptive matching tasks, subjects recruited more motor and sensory-motor areas of the brain and the activations were greater.
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Articulação do Tornozelo/fisiologia , Córtex Motor/fisiologia , Adulto , Tornozelo , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagem , Mapeamento Encefálico , Estudos de Viabilidade , Feminino , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Movimento/fisiologia , Radiografia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
PURPOSE: To evaluate the impact of thermoplastic mask immobilization in the setup reproducibility and delivered dose for Helical Tomotherapy (HT) of the breast/chest wall. METHODS: 16 patients treated with Accuray Hi-Art HT for breast-cancer were considered. Patients were positioned supine with arms extended above the head using Civco Wing Board (WB) system. In 50% of patients an Orfit thermoplastic mask was added in order to improve immobilization. Before each treatment fraction a megavoltage CT (MVCT) scan was taken and registered to the planning CT by experienced medical staff. The impact of thermoplastic mask was investigated analysing MVCT shift-roll data and MVCT dose distribution using Planned Adaptive software. RESULTS: In the analysed cases, the addition of thermoplastic mask had minor impact on the lateral, longitudinal and roll data distribution. Variance of vertical shifts was significantly reduced in the WB + Orfit group. Van Herk's margins were not affected by addition of thermoplastic immobilization. In both groups, target coverage (V95) and maximum dose (D1) were almost identical to planned values. D1 of organs at risk were not significantly different in the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Analysis of shift-roll data shows no improvement in the group of patients immobilized with the addition of thermoplastic mask. Van Herk's margin is quite large (7-10 mm) in both groups evidencing the need to perform daily setup correction. The adapted dose distribution complies well with the planned one, showing that if MVCT is used before each treatment fraction, a 3 mm margin (setup component) for CTVs expansion could be adequate.
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Neoplasias da Mama/radioterapia , Imobilização/métodos , Plásticos , Doses de Radiação , Radioterapia de Intensidade Modulada/métodos , Temperatura , Neoplasias da Mama/diagnóstico por imagem , Humanos , Órgãos em Risco/efeitos da radiação , Dosagem Radioterapêutica , Planejamento da Radioterapia Assistida por Computador , Radioterapia de Intensidade Modulada/efeitos adversos , Tórax/efeitos da radiação , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios XRESUMO
Recent observations of (6)Li in metal poor stars suggest a large production of this isotope during big bang nucleosynthesis (BBN). In standard BBN calculations, the (2)H(α,γ)(6)Li reaction dominates (6)Li production. This reaction has never been measured inside the BBN energy region because its cross section drops exponentially at low energy and because the electric dipole transition is strongly suppressed for the isoscalar particles (2)H and α at energies below the Coulomb barrier. Indirect measurements using the Coulomb dissociation of (6)Li only give upper limits owing to the dominance of nuclear breakup processes. Here, we report on the results of the first measurement of the (2)H(α,γ)(6)Li cross section at big bang energies. The experiment was performed deep underground at the LUNA 400 kV accelerator in Gran Sasso, Italy. The primordial (6)Li/(7)Li isotopic abundance ratio has been determined to be (1.5 ± 0.3) × 10(-5), from our experimental data and standard BBN theory. The much higher (6)Li/(7)Li values reported for halo stars will likely require a nonstandard physics explanation, as discussed in the literature.
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The C-C motif chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5), CCL11, and CCL24 are involved in the pathogenesis of asthma, and their function is mainly associated with the airway recruitment of eosinophils. This study tested their ability to induce the migration of circulating fibrocytes, which may contribute to the development of irreversible airflow obstruction in severe asthma. The sputum fluid phase (SFP) from patients with severe/treatment-refractory asthma (PwSA) contained elevated concentrations of CCL5, CCL11, and CCL24 in comparison with the SFP from patients with non-severe/treatment-responsive asthma (PwNSA). The circulating fibrocytes from PwSA expressed the receptors for these chemokines at increased levels and migrated in response to recombinant CCL5, CCL11, and CCL24. The SFP from PwSA induced the migration of autologous fibrocytes, and its activity was significantly attenuated by neutralization of endogenous CCL5, CCL11, and CCL24. These findings suggest that CCL5, CCL11, and CCL24 may contribute to the airway recruitment of fibrocytes in severe asthma.
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Asma/imunologia , Movimento Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Quimiocina CCL11/farmacologia , Quimiocina CCL24/farmacologia , Quimiocina CCL5/farmacologia , Células-Tronco Mesenquimais/efeitos dos fármacos , Actinas/metabolismo , Adulto , Asma/metabolismo , Células da Medula Óssea/efeitos dos fármacos , Células da Medula Óssea/imunologia , Movimento Celular/imunologia , Quimiotaxia/efeitos dos fármacos , Quimiotaxia/imunologia , Colágeno Tipo III/metabolismo , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Células-Tronco Mesenquimais/imunologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Receptores CCR3/metabolismo , Receptores CCR5/metabolismo , Escarro/imunologiaRESUMO
Fibrocytes contribute to the fibrotic changes most frequently observed in forms of asthma where inflammation is driven by T helper type 2 (Th2) cells. The mechanisms that regulate the profibrotic function of asthmatic fibrocytes are largely unknown. We isolated circulating fibrocytes from patients with allergen-exacerbated asthma, who showed the presence of fibrocytes, together with elevated concentrations of interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 and slightly increased concentrations of the Th17 cell-derived IL-17A, in induced sputum. Fibrocytes stimulated with IL-4 and IL-13 produced high levels of collagenous and non-collagenous matrix components and low levels of proinflammatory cytokines. Conversely, fibrocytes stimulated with IL-17A proliferated and released proinflammatory factors that may promote neutrophil recruitment and airway hyperresponsiveness. IL-17A also indirectly increased α-smooth muscle actin but not collagen expression in fibrocytes. Thus, fibrocytes may proliferate and express a predominant profibrotic or proinflammatory phenotype in asthmatic airways depending on the local concentrations of Th2- and Th17-derived cytokines.
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Asma/imunologia , Hiper-Reatividade Brônquica/imunologia , Fibroblastos/metabolismo , Fibrose Pulmonar/imunologia , Adulto , Remodelação das Vias Aéreas/efeitos dos fármacos , Asma/complicações , Asma/terapia , Hiper-Reatividade Brônquica/etiologia , Hiper-Reatividade Brônquica/terapia , Proliferação de Células , Células Cultivadas , Colágeno/genética , Colágeno/metabolismo , Feminino , Fibroblastos/efeitos dos fármacos , Fibroblastos/imunologia , Fibroblastos/patologia , Humanos , Mediadores da Inflamação/imunologia , Mediadores da Inflamação/metabolismo , Interleucina-13/análise , Interleucina-13/farmacologia , Interleucina-17/análise , Interleucina-17/farmacologia , Interleucina-4/análise , Interleucina-4/farmacologia , Masculino , Fibrose Pulmonar/etiologia , Fibrose Pulmonar/terapia , Escarro/química , Adulto JovemRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To analyze clinical and laboratory findings in order to find variables predictive of severity of Biliary Peritonitis (BP). Patients and methods. Physical findings, course of illness, imaging and laboratory data were evaluated in 22 patients with BP, and statistically analysed to assess their prognostic significance. RESULTS: Serious illness and worse outcome were associated with: age > 60 years (P=0.034), long time between onset of symptoms and treatment (P=0.025), fever > 38°C (P=0.009), WBC count > 17.000 cell/mm³ (P=0.043), diffuse abdominal pain (P=0.034), and infected bile (P=0.048). CONCLUSIONS: Most patients become severely ill due to supervening infection, while early bile drainage avoids serious complications. In addition, abdominal pain, fever and WBC count are also predictive of severity of BP.
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Bile , Peritonite/diagnóstico , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prognóstico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Adulto JovemAssuntos
Hipersensibilidade a Drogas/complicações , Herpesvirus Humano 6 , Polirradiculoneuropatia Desmielinizante Inflamatória Crônica/complicações , Infecções por Roseolovirus/complicações , Adulto , Alcoolismo/complicações , Antibacterianos/efeitos adversos , Colangite/complicações , DNA Viral/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Eletrodiagnóstico , Humanos , Icterícia/complicações , Masculino , Polirradiculoneuropatia Desmielinizante Inflamatória Crônica/virologia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa , Infecções por Roseolovirus/virologia , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios XRESUMO
AIMS: To study the population dynamics of Epicoccum nigrum on peaches and nectarines and to enhance its colonization on fruit surfaces to improve its biocontrol efficacy against brown rot. METHODS AND RESULTS: Twelve surveys were performed to study E. nigrum populations and their effect on the number of the pathogenic Monilinia spp. conidia in peach orchards in Spain and Italy between 2002 and 2005. Fresh conidia and five different formulations of E. nigrum conidia were applied three to six times to peach and nectarine trees from full flowering to harvest. The size of the E. nigrum populations was determined from the number of colony-forming units and conidial numbers per flower or fruit. Treatment with all conidial formulations increased the size of the indigenous conidial population on peach surfaces. CONCLUSIONS: Formulations of E. nigrum having high viability are most effective against conidia of the pathogen when applied at pit hardening and during the month immediately before fruit harvest. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Application of an E. nigrum conidial formulation decreased the number of conidia of Monilinia spp. on fruit surfaces during the growing season to the same extent as fungicides.
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Antibiose , Ascomicetos/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Doenças das Plantas/prevenção & controle , Prunus/microbiologia , Contagem de Colônia Microbiana , Frutas/microbiologia , Itália , Doenças das Plantas/microbiologia , Dinâmica Populacional , Espanha , Esporos Fúngicos/crescimento & desenvolvimentoRESUMO
In the aging process and in most degenerative diseases, the oxidant by-products of cellular metabolism lead to oxidative stress. Oxidative stress plays an important role in switching from cell proliferation to its opposite outcome, cell death. The metabolic pathways in charge of the interconversion and degradation of the polyamines are responsible for oxidant by-products. In the past few years, spermine metabolism has been found closely related to DNA oxidation and apoptosis. Moreover, that the ectopical expression of murine spermine oxidase induced DNA damage in the neuroblastoma cell line, and this was uncoupled with any increase in cell mortality, thus suggests an activation of DNA repair. In this work, we provide new evidence showing that only spermine oxidase overactivity can deliver sub-lethal chronic DNA damage and repair without affecting transcriptional and enzymatic levels of the PA key regulatory enzymes ODC and SSAT. Chronic sub-lethal DNA damage is below the cell cycle arrest induction threshold, but is able to activate apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease protein (APE1) and gamma H2AX. Of therapeutic interest, the chronic sub-lethal DNA damage and activation of the repair processes are in turn responsible for inducing hypersensitivity after exposure to radiation with no induction of adaptive response to damage.
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Proliferação de Células/efeitos da radiação , Dano ao DNA/efeitos da radiação , Reparo do DNA/efeitos da radiação , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos da radiação , Oxirredutases atuantes sobre Doadores de Grupo CH-NH/biossíntese , Raios X , Envelhecimento/metabolismo , Envelhecimento/efeitos da radiação , Animais , Morte Celular/efeitos da radiação , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Dano ao DNA/genética , Reparo do DNA/genética , DNA Liase (Sítios Apurínicos ou Apirimidínicos)/metabolismo , Histonas/metabolismo , Camundongos , Oxirredutases atuantes sobre Doadores de Grupo CH-NH/genética , Poliamina OxidaseRESUMO
Thirty-two voluntary subjects were selected, not suffering either from any degenerative ophthalmic diseases or refraction and ocular motility alterations. Each subject underwent close visual task experimental sessions (e.g. PC usage), under monitored experimental conditions. Aim of the study is the assessment of working efficiency effects caused by lighting conditions characterized by "according to law" illuminations, yet in presence of high or low luminance ratios in the occupational visual field". An analysis of the data showed that high luminance ratios conditions show a decrease of the performance (decrease overall efficiency, increase in the number of errors and time of execution), which where not detected with low luminance ratios conditions. Asthenopia did not show clear differences, possibly due to the effects of the intense near work which was present in both the experimental sessions.
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Iluminação/normas , Análise e Desempenho de Tarefas , Local de Trabalho , Adolescente , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMO
Status epilepticus (SE) is a medical emergency. It requires prompt and adequate diagnosis and treatment, as it may induce CNS injury. It is mainly distinguished into generalised and partial SE on the basis of its major clinical features. There are very few data about SE physiopathology, but it is generally characterised by increasing unresponsiveness to treatment. SE diagnosis is based on EEG recording, associated with neuroimaging techniques and laboratory assays to detect underlying pathologies. During SE we distinguish three different conditions: initial, defined and refractory. Benzodiazepines represent first-line treatment, followed by phenytoin. Refractory SE requires ICU treatment to perform general anaesthesia.