Analysis of 665 thyroid nodules using both EU-TIRADS and ACR TI-RADS classification systems.

BACKGROUND: Ultrasound-based classification systems allow stratification of thyroid nodules to recommend fine-needle aspiration (FNA) based on their malignancy risk. However, these have discrepancies that may have an impact in thyroid cancer detection. We aimed to compare European Thyroid Association (EU-TIRADS) and American College of Radiology (ACR TI-RADS), in terms of FNA indication and diagnostic performance. METHODS: Retrospective study of 665 thyroid nodules from 598 patients who underwent ultrasound and fine-needle aspiration at a tertiary-care institution between January 1st of 2016 and July 31st of 2019. Based on their sonographic features they were classified according to the EU-TIRADS and ACR TI-RADS classification and then their cytological results were obtained. Differences in FNA indications according to these two classifications were analysed. In patients who underwent surgical removal of the nodules, the final pathological diagnosis was obtained. RESULTS: A statistically significant association was found between EU-TIRADS and ACR TI-RADS classification systems (p < 0.001). ACR TI-RADS allowed greatest reduction in FNA performed (32% vs 24.5%). A different risk category was obtained in 174 (26.1%) nodules, mostly higher with EU-TIRADS. The indication to FNA changed in 54 (8.1%) nodules (49 only indicated following EU-TIRADS recommendations), of which 4 had Bethesda IV and 5 had Bethesda III cytology. The FNA indication in a higher number of nodules using EU-TIRADS was due to difference in the dimensional threshold for FNA on low-risk nodules; to the fact that hypoechogenicity in a mixed nodule ascribes it moderate risk, while using ACR TI-RADS it would only be considered of low risk, and to the use of isolated sonographic features, namely marked hypoechogenicity, microcalcifications and irregular margins, to automatically categorize a nodules as high risk in EU-TIRADS, while ACR TI-RADS requires a group of potentially suspicious features to consider a nodule of high risk. The analysis of pathology proven nodules revealed equally good sensitivity of both systems in the detection of malignancy, but weak specificity, slightly greater with ACR TI-RADS (27.1% vs 18.6%). CONCLUSIONS: The EU-TIRADS and ACR TI-RADS are both suitable to assess thyroid nodules and through risk stratification avoid unnecessary FNA. FNA was less performed using ACR TI-RADS, which was slightly more efficiency in excluding malignancy.

Prevalence of celiac artery compression by median arcuate ligament in patients with splanchnic artery aneurysms/pseudoaneurysms submitted to endovascular embolization.

PURPOSE: To study the association between median arcuate ligament compression (MALC) of celiac artery (CA) and splanchnic artery aneurysms/pseudoaneurysms (SAAPs) submitted to endovascular embolization. METHODS: Single center retrospective study of embolized SAAPs between 2010 and 2021, to evaluate the prevalence of MALC, and compare demographic data and clinical outcomes between patients with and without MALC. As a secondary objective, patient characteristics and outcomes were compared between patients with different causes of CA stenosis. RESULTS: MALC was found in 12.3% of 57 patients. SAAPs were more prevalent in the pancreaticoduodenal arcades (PDAs) in patients with MALC, compared to those without MALC (57.1% vs. 10%, P = .009). Patients with MALC had a greater proportion of aneurysms (71.4% vs. 24%, P = .020), as opposed to pseudoaneurysms. Rupture was the main indication for embolization in both groups (71.4% and 54% of patients with and without MALC, respectively). Embolization was successful in most cases (85.7% and 90%), with 5 immediate (28.6% and 6%) and 14 non-immediate (28.6% and 24%) post-procedure complications. Thirty and 90-day mortality rate were 0% in patients with MALC, and 14% and 24% in patients without MALC. Atherosclerosis was the only other cause of CA stenosis, in 3 cases. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with SAAPs submitted to endovascular embolization, the prevalence of CA compression by MAL is not uncommon. The most frequent location for aneurysms in patients with MALC is in the PDAs. Endovascular management of SAAPs is very effective in patients with MALC, with low complications, even in ruptured aneurysms.

Predicting survival in metastatic non-small cell lung cancer patients with poor ECOG-PS: A single-arm prospective study.

BACKGROUND: Patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are a heterogeneous population with short lifespan. We aimed to develop methods to better differentiate patients whose survival was >90 days. METHODS: We evaluated 83 characteristics of 106 treatment-naïve, stage IV NSCLC patients with Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status (ECOG-PS) >1. Automated machine learning was used to select a model and optimize hyperparameters. 100-fold bootstrapping was performed for dimensionality reduction for a second ("lite") model. Performance was measured by C-statistic and accuracy metrics in an out-of-sample validation cohort. The "lite" model was validated on a second independent, prospective cohort (N = 42). Network analysis (NA) was performed to evaluate the differences in centrality and connectivity of features. RESULTS: The selected method was ExtraTrees Classifier, with C-statistic of 0.82 (p < 0.01) and accuracy of 0.81 (p = 0.01). The "lite" model had 16 variables and obtained C-statistic of 0.84 (p < 0.01) and accuracy of 0.75 (p = 0.039) in the first cohort, and C-statistic of 0.706 (p < 0.01) and accuracy of 0.714 (p < 0.01) in the second cohort. The networks of patients with lower survival were more interconnected. Features related to cachexia, inflammation, and quality of life had statistically different prestige scores in NA. CONCLUSIONS: Machine learning can assist in the prognostic evaluation of advanced NSCLC. The model generated with a reduced number of features showed high accessibility and reasonable metrics. Features related to quality of life, cachexia, and performance status had increased correlation and importance scores, suggesting that they play a role at later disease stages, in line with the biological rationale already described.

Serum Creatinine as a Potential Biomarker of Skeletal Muscle Atrophy in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Patients.

Objectives: Identifying simple biomarkers to determine muscle atrophy in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients remains a critical research gap. Since creatinine is mainly a product from intramuscular creatine metabolism, we tested the hypothesis that low serum creatinine levels would be associated to skeletal muscle atrophy in NSCLC patients. Materials and Methods: This is a prospective cohort study including 106 treatment-naive patients with histologically confirmed stage IV NSCLC. All patients performed routine serum creatinine laboratory tests. We divided patients into two groups based on low (<0.7 mg/dL for male and <0.5 mg/dL for female) or normal creatinine levels. We compared body mass index (BMI), psoas muscle cross-sectional area, adipose tissue area and complete blood counts between groups. Results: Male and female NSCLC patients with low serum creatinine levels had low muscle cross-sectional area as compared to patients with normal serum creatinine levels. Male NSCLC patients with low serum creatinine also displayed reduced BMI, reduced adipose tissue area, and elevated systemic inflammation compared to NSCLC patients with normal serum creatinine levels. There were no significant differences between female groups for BMI, adipose tissue area and inflammatory markers. Conclusions: Serum creatinine is a potential prognostic biomarker of skeletal muscle atrophy in NSCLC patients. Since serum creatinine is a simple and accessible measurement, we suggest that it should be monitored in longitudinal follow-up of NSCLC patients as a biomarker of muscle atrophy.

Exercise prescription for symptoms and quality of life improvements in lung cancer patients: a systematic review.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review to assess the effect of exercise on symptoms and quality of life in lung cancer patients. METHODS: We conducted a systematic review using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. PubMed, Medline, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and SciELO were searched for studies published from January 1998 to January 2019. The review included all randomized controlled trials that evaluated the effect of exercise on symptoms and quality of life of lung cancer patients. Two reviewers independently assessed the quality of all the included studies using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database scale. RESULTS: In total, ten studies (835 participants) met all inclusion criteria. Three studies investigated the effect of exercise after lung resection, whereas four studies investigated it as a pre-surgery intervention. Two studies investigated the effect of exercise in patients under systemic treatment only, and one study included patients on diverse treatment plans. Exercise protocols consisted of different combinations of strength, aerobic, and inspiratory muscle training. Two trials, including 101 participants, found significant difference in quality of life between groups, favoring the intervention group; and five trials, including 549 participants, found significant inter-group differences in isolated symptoms, also favoring the intervention group. CONCLUSIONS: Exercise can lead to improvements of symptoms and of quality of life in lung cancer survivors. Providing resistance training combined with high-intensity interval aerobic exercise after lung resection seems to be particularly effective. Further studies are warranted to investigate exercise for patients with poor performance status.

Pyogranulomatous pleuropneumonia caused by Nocardia asiatica in a dog coinfected with canine morbillivirus (canine distemper virus).

Nocardia asiatica causing pyogranulomatous pleuropneumonia is reported for the first time in a dog coinfected with canine morbillivirus (CM), diagnosed based on epidemiological, clinical, haematological, images, microbiological, histopathological, polymerase chain reaction and hsp65 gene sequencing findings. The immunosuppression of CM probably favoured the opportunistic behaviour of N. asiatica. Despite the therapeutic measures, the animal died, mainly due to respiratory distress. The association of methods to improve early diagnosis, therapy procedures and prognosis of canine nocardiosis is discussed, as well as the close relationship between pets and their owners, which may favour the transmission of pathogens such as Nocardia from pets-to-humans, which poses an emerging public health issue.

Avaliação fisioterapêutica em criança com malformação congênita de membro inferior: um relato de caso / Physiotherapy evaluation in children with congenital malformation of lower members: a case study

Este trabalho teve como objetivo realizar uma avaliação fisioterapêutica em um voluntário com malformação congênita do membro inferior direito, a fim de conhecer seus aspectos motores e funcionais, devido ao fato de ser um caso peculiar com incidência de 1 a cada 100.000 nascidos vivos. Tratou-se de um relato de caso, realizado na clínica escola de fisioterapia de uma universidade do interior do Estado de São Paulo. Os procedimentos consistiram em: anamnese, exame físico, escalas e instrumentos de avaliação do controle, índice de Barthel modificado, plataforma de força e avaliação postural. Pode-se observar através da avaliação fisioterapêutica alterações posturais relevantes com assimetrias entre os hemicorpos, déficit de equilíbrio e diminuição de força muscular no membro inferior direito, o que acarreta uma alteração biomecânica importante no participante avaliado. Essas informações coletadas durante as avaliações são essenciais para conhecer as alterações físicas decorrentes da malformação congênita para promover um melhor direcionamento em seu tratamento.

A physiotherapy evaluation has been undertaken with a voluntary subject with congenital malformation of the right lower limber to understand motor and functional aspects of the issue. The fact has an occurrence of 1/100000 live births. The case study has been undertaken in a physiotherapy school at a university clinical in the interior of the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Procedures included anamnesis, physical examination, scales and instruments for control assessment, modified Barthel Index, force platform and posture evaluation. Physiotherapeutic evaluation revealed significant posture changes with asymmetry between the hemibodies, deficit in equilibrium and lessening of muscular force in the right lower member, with subsequent important biomechanical changes in the patient. Information collected during evaluations is essential to understand the physical alternations due to congenital malformation for better results through treatment.

Evaluation of postural balance in mild cognitive impairment through a three-dimensional electromagnetic system / Avaliação do equilíbrio corporal no comprometimento cognitivo leve através de sistema eletromagnético tridimensional

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: Elderly people with cognitive impairment are at greater risk for falls; thus, an understanding of the earliest stages of cognitive decline is necessary. OBJECTIVE: To compare postural balance between elderly people with and without mild cognitive impairment using a three-dimensional system. METHODS: Thirty elderly people with mild cognitive impairment and thirty healthy elderly subjects were selected. Static posturography was performed using three-dimensional electromagnetic equipment and the following parameters were evaluated: maximum displacement, mean speed and total trajectory. Open- and closed-eye stabilometric variable comparisons between groups and within each group were carried out, and a relationship between the Mini Mental State Examination and the total trajectory of all elderly subjects was determined. RESULTS: The analysis among open- and closed-eye conditions showed a significant difference in maximum anteroposterior displacement in the control group and a significant difference in all stabilometric variables in the mild cognitive impairment group. A significant difference between the groups in all variables in the closed-eye condition was observed. There was a strong correlation between cognitive performance and total trajectory. CONCLUSION: Evaluations showed decrease in balance in elderly people with mild cognitive impairment. Presence of anteroposterior displacement can be an early sign of postural control impairment, and the evaluation with visual restriction can be useful in detecting small postural instabilities.

Resumo Introdução: Idosos com alteração cognitiva apresentam maior risco de quedas; assim, é importante compreender as primeiras fases do declínio cognitivo. Objetivo: Comparar o equilíbrio corporal entre idosos com e sem comprometimento cognitivo leve através de um sistema tridimensional. Método: Trinta idosos com comprometimento cognitivo leve e 30 idosos saudáveis foram selecionados. A posturografia estática foi realizada utilizando equipamento eletromagnético tridimensional, e foram avaliados os parâmetros deslocamento máximo, velocidade média e trajetória total. Foi realizada comparação das variáveis estabilométricas com olho aberto e olho fechado intragrupo e intergrupos, e foi estabelecida a relação entre o Mini Exame do Estado Mental e a trajetória total de todos os idosos. Resultados: A análise entre olho aberto e olho fechado no grupo de controle evidenciou uma diferença significativa no deslocamento anteroposterior máximo; no grupo com comprometimento cognitivo leve, houve diferença significativa em todas as variáveis estabilométricas. Foi observada diferença significativa entre os grupos em todas as variáveis na condição de olho fechado. Houve forte correlação entre desempenho cognitivo e trajetória total. Conclusão: As avaliações evidenciaram diminuição do equilíbrio nos idosos com comprometimento cognitivo leve. O deslocamento anteroposterior pode ser um sinal precoce de comprometimento do controle postural, e a avaliação com restrição visual pode ser útil na detecção de pequenas instabilidades posturais.

Evaluation of postural balance in mild cognitive impairment through a three-dimensional electromagnetic system.

INTRODUCTION: Elderly people with cognitive impairment are at greater risk for falls; thus, an understanding of the earliest stages of cognitive decline is necessary. OBJECTIVE: To compare postural balance between elderly people with and without mild cognitive impairment using a three-dimensional system. METHODS: Thirty elderly people with mild cognitive impairment and thirty healthy elderly subjects were selected. Static posturography was performed using three-dimensional electromagnetic equipment and the following parameters were evaluated: maximum displacement, mean speed and total trajectory. Open- and closed-eye stabilometric variable comparisons between groups and within each group were carried out, and a relationship between the Mini Mental State Examination and the total trajectory of all elderly subjects was determined. RESULTS: The analysis among open- and closed-eye conditions showed a significant difference in maximum anteroposterior displacement in the control group and a significant difference in all stabilometric variables in the mild cognitive impairment group. A significant difference between the groups in all variables in the closed-eye condition was observed. There was a strong correlation between cognitive performance and total trajectory. CONCLUSION: Evaluations showed decrease in balance in elderly people with mild cognitive impairment. Presence of anteroposterior displacement can be an early sign of postural control impairment, and the evaluation with visual restriction can be useful in detecting small postural instabilities.

Velhice e Saúde na Região da África Subsaariana: uma agenda urgente para a cooperação internacional / Aging and health in Sub-Saharan Africa: an urgent agenda for international cooperation

A região Subsaariana do continente africano é onde se concentra a maior carga de doença do mundo e é a única região do planeta onde se espera que o número de pessoas pobres irá aumentar nas próximas décadas. Os países desta região, em diferentes graus, experimentam processo lento de envelhecimento populacional, mas, ao mesmo tempo, é onde a população idosa mais cresce em números absolutos. A partir de revisão da bibliografia, buscou-se destacar a situação demográfica e social em que vivem as pessoas idosas na região subsaariana e os principais desafios que se impõem aos governos locais para a superação dos complexos problemas postos a toda a sociedade. Constatou-se que as políticas públicas voltadas para este segmento populacional na região não representam prioridade e, por conseguinte, dificilmente entram na agenda atual da cooperação internacional.

The Sub-Saharan part of the African continent is the area that has the highest disease burden in the world and is the only region of the planet where it is expected that the number of poor people will increase in the coming decades. The countries of this region, to different degrees, experience slow process of population aging but at the same time, it is the are where the elderly population grows fastest in absolute numbers. Based on a review of the literature, an attempt was made to highlight the social and demographic situation in which the elderly live in the Sub-Saharan region and the main challenges faced by local governments to overcome the complex problems affecting society as a whole. It was found that public policies geared to this segment of the population in the region do not represent a priority and, consequently, are unlikely to be included in the current agenda of international cooperation.

[Aging and health in Sub-Saharan Africa: an urgent agenda for international cooperation]. / Velhice e Saúde na Região da África Subsaariana: uma agenda urgente para a cooperação internacional.

The Sub-Saharan part of the African continent is the area that has the highest disease burden in the world and is the only region of the planet where it is expected that the number of poor people will increase in the coming decades. The countries of this region, to different degrees, experience slow process of population aging but at the same time, it is the are where the elderly population grows fastest in absolute numbers. Based on a review of the literature, an attempt was made to highlight the social and demographic situation in which the elderly live in the Sub-Saharan region and the main challenges faced by local governments to overcome the complex problems affecting society as a whole. It was found that public policies geared to this segment of the population in the region do not represent a priority and, consequently, are unlikely to be included in the current agenda of international cooperation.

Repercussão do declínio cognitivo na capacidade funcional em idosos institucionalizados e não institucionalizados / Impact of cognitive decline in functional capacity in elderly institutionalized and non-institutionalized

INTRODUÇÃO: O declínio da capacidade cognitiva (DCC) decorre dos processos fisiológicos do envelhecimento normal ou de um estágio de transição para as demências. A demência é uma síndrome clínica que se relaciona às perdas neuronais e danos à estrutura cerebral, levando o indivíduo a apresentar alterações cognitivas e funcionais que interferem nas atividades diárias. OBJETIVO: Analisar o declínio da cognição e o seu impacto nas habilidades funcionais em idosos institucionalizados e não institucionalizados. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Avaliaram-se dois grupos, de ambos os sexos e idade entre 55 a 86 anos, divididos em indivíduos institucionalizados e não institucionalizados. No grupo não institucionalizado foram avaliados 31 idosos; no grupo dos indivíduos institucionalizados, 22. Primeiro houve a caracterização do idoso, seguida pela aplicação do Mini Exame de Estado Mental (MEEM), Escala Geriátrica de Depressão de Yesavage e a Escala de Lawton. Esses dados foram codificados e comparados entre si permitindo verificar o índice de correlação de Pearson. RESULTADOS: Entre os indivíduos institucionalizados obtiveram-se as seguintes médias: idade 72,33 ± 10,44 anos, MEEM 11,17 ± 5,8, escala de Lawton 8,11 ± 2,99 e escala de Yesavage 4,06 ± 2,90. Entre os indivíduos não institucionalizados obtiveram-se as seguintes médias: idade 62,78 ± 9,01 anos, MEEM 26,41 ± 3,25, escala de Lawton 15,43 ± 1,33 e escala de Yesavage 2,02 ± 2,83. Ao comparar os dois grupos, todas as escalas de avaliação obtiveram valores significativos (p < 0,05), exceto entre MEEM e Yesavage para idosos institucionalizados. CONCLUSÃO: Os dados sugerem uma influência do estado cognitivo na depressão e nas atividades funcionais de vida diária.

INTRODUCTION: The decline of cognitive capacity is due to physiological processes of normal aging or a stage of transition to dementia. Dementia is a clinical syndrome that can be caused by a number of underlying diseases related to neuronal loss and damage to brain structure. Individuals with dementia may have cognitive and functional changes that interfere with daily activities. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the decline of cognition and its impact on functional abilities in elderly non-institutionalized and institutionalized. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We evaluated a total of fifty-three elderly people divided into two groups, one group of institutionalized elderly and other non-institutionalized. In the group of non-institutionalized individuals were evaluated thirty-one individuals non-institutionalized elderly, and twenty-two in the group of elderly institutionalized individuals. The groups had both sexes and ages ranging from 55 to 86 years. Were made to characterize the elderly and application of cognitive evaluation using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Geriatric Depression Scale of Yesavage and functional evaluation by the Lawton scale for instrumental activities of daily living. These data were coded and compared among them in order to verify the correlation coefficient. RESULTS: Among institutionalized individuals obtained the mean age of 72.33 ± 10.44 years, mean MMSE 11.17 ± 5.8, scale of Lawton 8.11 ± 2.99 and scale of Yesavage 4, 06 ± 2.90. Among non-institutionalized individuals obtained the mean age of 62.78 ± 9.01 years, mean MMSE 26.41 ± 3.25, range from Lawton 15.43 ± 1.33 and scale of Yesavage 2, 02 ± 2.83. By comparing the two groups, all the rating scales obtained significant values (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The data suggest an influence of depression on cognitive status and functional activities of daily living.

Action of therapeutic laser and ultrasound in peripheral nerve regeneration.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy of early therapeutic laser and ultrasound in the regeneration process of an injury in rats. METHODS: We used 24 rats. Eighteen underwent surgery for sciatic nerve compression by a hemostat above the popliteal fossa. The animals were divided into three groups of six animals each. Normal control group. GI: Injured control without therapeutic intervention. GII: laser ArGaAl therapeutic intervention. GIII: therapeutic intervention of Pulsed Ultrasound. We begin therapeutic interventions 24 hours after injury, with daily applications for a period of fourteen consecutive days. RESULTS: IN ASSESSING THE GIRTH OF THE MUSCLES OF THE RIGHT THEY, THE FOLLOWING AVERAGE DECREASE (IN MM) FOR EACH GI: 0.45, GII: 0.42, GIII: 0.40 In relation to travel time, both GII and GIII presented significant difference when compared to GI. In the final evaluation of the IFC, GII excelled in the GIII. As for the healing observed, a major great improvement was observed in GII and GIII. CONCLUSION: The results showed that nerve recovery was higher with the laser application. Level of evidence II, Therapeutic Studies - Investigation of the results of treatment.

Effects of kinesiotherapy in ischemic lesion and reperfusion in rats.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of kinesiotherapy on the functionality of the pelvic limb of rats after ischemic and reperfusion injury. METHODS: 10 rats were divided into two groups, GI (control) and GII (kinesiotherapy). All the animals underwent ischemia for a period of three hours, followed by tissue reperfusion. In Group GII, non-resistive systemic kinesiotherapy was performed (swimming) in three weekly sessions of 50 minutes, over a period of four weeks, while the GI animals remained at rest. Functional analysis of motor behavior was evaluated weekly. The animals were then sacrificed, and the soleus and gastrocnemius muscles and the sciatic nerve removed for histopathological analysis. RESULTS: There was a significant recovery of motor behavior with kinesiotherapeutic treatment during the four weeks of treatment. However, the histological examination of the tissues showed no morphological changes of cell injury and repair. CONCLUSION: It was not possible to affirm that the exercise was effective in cell repair, because neither of the groups (control and experimental) showed any histological difference. On the other hand, systemic kinesiotherapy showed a beneficial effect on functional rehabilitation after ischemia and reperfusion. Level of evidence III, Case-Control Study .

Efeito da cinesioterapia na lesão isquêmica e reperfusão em ratos / Effects of kinesiotherapy in ischemic lesion and reperfusion in rats

OBJETIVO: Verificar o efeito da cinesioterapia na funcionalidade do membro pélvico de ratos após lesão isquêmica e reperfusão. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizados 10 ratos, divididos em dois grupos, GI (controle) e GII (cinesioterapia). Todos os animais foram submetidos à isquemia por um período de três horas, seguido de reperfusão tecidual. No Grupo GII foi realizado cinesioterapia sistêmica (natação) não resistida em três sessões semanais de 50 minutos durante quatro semanas, enquanto que no grupo GI os animais permaneceram em repouso. A análise funcional do comportamento motor foi realizada semanalmente. Posteriormente, os animais foram mortos e retirados os músculos sóleo, gastrocnêmio e nervo ciático para análise histopatológica. RESULTADOS: Houve uma recuperação significativa do comportamento motor com o tratamento cinesioterapêutico ao longo das quatro semanas de tratamento. No entanto, na avaliação histológica os tecidos não mostraram alterações morfológicas de lesão e reparação celular. CONCLUSÃO: Não foi possível afirmar que o exercício mostrou-se eficiente na reparação celular, pois, tanto no grupo controle como no experimental, não apresentou diferença histológica. Por outro lado, a cinesioterapia sistêmica apresentou um efeito benéfico na reabilitação funcional após isquemia e reperfusão. Nível de Evidência III, Estudo Caso-Controle.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of kinesiotherapy on the functionality of the pelvic limb of rats after ischemic and reperfusion injury. METHODS: 10 rats were divided into two groups, GI (control) and GII (kinesiotherapy). All the animals underwent ischemia for a period of three hours, followed by tissue reperfusion. In Group GII, non-resistive systemic kinesiotherapy was performed (swimming) in three weekly sessions of 50 minutes, over a period of four weeks, while the GI animals remained at rest. Functional analysis of motor behavior was evaluated weekly. The animals were then sacrificed, and the soleus, gastrocnemius and sciatic nerve removed for histopathological analysis. RESULTS: There was a significant recovery of motor behavior with kinesiotherapeutic treatment during the four weeks of treatment. However, the histological tissues showed no morphological changes of cell injury and repair. CONCLUSION: It was not possible to affirm that the exercise was effective in cell repair, because neither of the groups (control and experimental) showed any histological difference. On the other hand, systemic kinesiotherapy showed a beneficial effect on functional rehabilitation after ischemia and reperfusion. Level of evidence III, Case-Control Study.

Ação do laser terapêutico e do ultrassom na regeneração nervosa periférica / Action of therapeutic laser and ultrasound in peripheral nerve regeneration

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a ação precoce do laser terapêutico e do ultrassom no processo de regeneração de uma lesão experimental em ratos. MÉTODO: Utilizou-se 24 ratos. Dezoito foram submetidos ao procedimento cirúrgico de lesão do nervo ciático por compressão, através de uma pinça hemostática acima da fossa poplítea. Os animais foram divididos em três grupos com seis animais em cada. Grupo controle normal. GI: controle lesado sem intervenção terapêutica. GII: intervenção terapêutica do laser ArGaAl. GIII: intervenção terapêutica do ultrassom Pulsado. Iniciamos as intervenções terapêuticas 24 horas após a lesão, com aplicações diárias, por um período de quatorze dias consecutivos. RESULTADOS: Ao avaliar a perimetria dos músculos da coxa direita obteve-se os seguintes valores médios de diminuição (mm), para cada grupo GI: 0,45; GII: 0,42; GIII: 0,40. Quanto ao tempo de deslocamento tanto o GII e GIII apresentaram diferença significativa, quando comparados ao GI. Na avaliação final do IFC o GII sobressaiu ao GIII. Quanto a cicatrização observou-se grande melhora no GII e GIII. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados evidenciaram que a recuperação nervosa foi maior com a aplicação do laser. Nível de evidência II, Estudos terapêuticos - Investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy of early therapeutic laser and ultrasound in the regeneration process of an injury in rats. METHODS: We used 24 rats. Eighteen underwent surgery for sciatic nerve compression by a hemostat above the popliteal fossa. The animals were divided into three groups of six animals each. Normal control group. GI: Injured control without therapeutic intervention. GII: laser ArGaAl therapeutic intervention. GIII: therapeutic intervention of Pulsed Ultrasound. We begin therapeutic interventions 24 hours after injury, with daily applications for a period of fourteen consecutive days. RESULTS: In assessing the girth of the muscles of the right they, the following average decrease (in mm) for each GI: 0.45, GII: 0.42, GIII: 0.40 In relation to travel time, both GII and GIII presented significant difference when compared to GI. In the final evaluation of the IFC, GII excelled in the GIII. As for the healing observed, a major great improvement was observed in GII and GIII. CONCLUSION: The results showed that nerve recovery was higher with the laser application. Level of evidence II, Therapeutic Studies - Investigation of the results of treatment.

Análise do equilíbrio no processo de envelhecimento / Analysis of the balance in the aging process

INTRODUÇÃO: Durante o processo de envelhecimento, nota-se uma diminuição das reservas funcionais e fisiológicas do organismo. Essas alterações favorecem a diminuição das habilidades dos idosos em executarem algumas tarefas, em que muitas vezes o simples ato de equilibrar-se se torna um desafio. OBJETIVOS: Avaliar o equilíbrio funcional no processo de envelhecimento. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Foram avaliadas 48 pessoas com idade entre 10 e 85 anos, de ambos os sexos, divididas em 4 grupos de acordo com a idade (contendo em cada grupo 12 indivíduos, sendo 6 homens e 6 mulheres), sendo: grupo 1 (GI) 10-18; grupo 2 (GII) 20-35; grupo 3 (GIII) 45-60; grupo 4 (GIV) 65-85. Os instrumentos de avaliação utilizados envolveram a escala de equilíbrio de Berg (EEB), a avaliação da marcha e equilíbrio orientada pelo desempenho (POMA), o teste de apoio unipodal, o teste de alcance funcional e o teste de Romberg. RESULTADOS: Mostrou-se que pelo menos um grupo (G4) se difere, ao nível de 5 por cento de significância, em todas as variáveis estudadas. CONCLUSÃO: Sugere-se que o processo de envelhecimento altera o equilíbrio funcional com maior intensidade a partir dos 62 anos de idade.

INTRODUCTION: While growing elder, it is possible to notice a dicrease in the functional and fisiological reserves in the organism witch impairs the decrease of the elderly abilities doing some tasks. A simple balance becomes a challenge. OBJECTIVES: evaluate the functional balance in the aging process. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Were evaluated 48 people from 10 to 85 years old, os both sexes. Divided in 4 groups acoording to the age (each group with 12 individuals, being 6 men and 6 women), being: group 1 (GI) 10-18; group 2 (GII) 20-35; group 3 (GIII) 45-60; group 4 (GIV) 65-85. The evaluation instruments are the Berg balance scale (BBS), the performance oriented mobility assessment (POMA), the unipodal support test, the functional reach test and the Romberg's test. RESULTS: Show that al least one group (G4) difers 5 percent in every variable studied. CONCLUSION: The conclusion suggests that the aging process modifies the functional balance with bigger intensity from the 62 years of age.

Insuficiência renal aguda secundária à sarcoidose / Acute renal failure secondary to sarcoidosis

A sarcoidose é uma doença sistêmica de etiologia desconhecida, caracterizada pela inflamação crônica granulomatosa, que acomete com maior frequencia os pulmões, a pele e os olhos e, muito raramente, detectamos envolvimento renal na patologia. relatamos aqui o caso de uma paciente de 47 anos, branca, internada em uma unidade de emergência de Hospital Universitário, devido a sintomas e achados radiológicos sugestivos de pneumonia. Desde o início da internação ela se apresentava com quadro laboratorial de insuficiência renal aguda, inicialmente atribuída ao histórico recente de uso abusivo de anti-inflamatórios. No entanto, devido à evolução arrastada e aparentemente desfavorável, inclusive com necessidade de terapia renal substitutiva (TRS), a paciente foi submetida a uma biópsia renal para esclarecimento diagnóstico e avaliação prognóstica. A descrição histológica mostrava um quadro de nefrite intersticial aguda granulomatosa, característico de sarcoidose renal, diagnóstico confirmado após revisão do prontuário médico, que revelava internação anterior devido a evento pulmonar da doença. Iniciado tratamento com prednisoma 1mg/kg/dia, a paciente evoluiu com melhora do quadro de insuficiência renal aguda, não mais necessitando de TRS. Atualmente, a paciente é mantida em acompanhamento ambulatorial com função renal estável.

The Sarcoidosis is a systemic disease of unknown etiology characterized by chronic granulomatous inflammation, which affects most frequently the lungs, skin and eyes and very rarely detected renal involvement in pathology. report here the case of a 47 year old white, admitted in an emergency unit of University Hospital because of symptoms and radiological findings suggestive of pneumonia. Since the beginning of hospitalization she performed with a laboratory diagnosis of acute renal failure, initially attributed to the recent history of abuse of anti-inflammatory drugs. However, due to unfavorable prolonged evolution and apparently, also in need of renal replacement therapy (RRT), the patient underwent renal biopsy for diagnosis and prognostic assessment. Histology showed a picture of acute interstitial nephritis, granulomatous characteristic of renal sarcoidosis, confirmed after review of medical records, which revealed previous hospitalization due to lung of the disease. Treatment with Prednisone 1mg/kg/day, the patient presented improvement of acute renal failure, no longer requiring RRT. Currently, the patient is maintained as an outpatient with stable renal function.