¿Predice el Kidney Donor Profile Index (KDPI) la supervivencia del injerto y del paciente en una población española? / Does the Kidney Donor Profile Index (KDPI) predict graft and patient survival in a Spanish population?

ANTECEDENTES Y OBJETIVO: El Kidney Donor Profile Index (KDPI), junto a otras variables del donante y receptor, puede optimizar el proceso de asignación de órganos. Este estudio tiene como objetivo comprobar la aplicabilidad del KDPI en una población española, así como su capacidad de predicción de la supervivencia del injerto y del paciente. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Se estudiaron 2.734 trasplantes renales llevados a cabo en Andalucía entre enero de 2006 y diciembre de 2015. Los casos se agruparon por edad del receptor y cuartil del KDPI y se compararon entre grupos tanto la supervivencia del injerto como la del paciente. RESULTADOS: El KDPI discrimina con precisión los órganos óptimos de los subóptimos o marginales. Para receptores entre 18 y 59 años presenta un hazard ratio de 1,013 (p < 0,001) para supervivencia de injerto censurada para muerte y de 1,013 (p = 0,007) para supervivencia del paciente. Para receptores mayores de 60años el hazard ratio es de 1,016 (p = 0,001) para supervivencia del injerto censurada para muerte y de 1,011 (p = 0,007) para supervivencia del paciente. Un análisis multivariante identificó como factores predictivos de la supervivencia del injerto el KDPI, la edad del donante, la donación tras muerte circulatoria, la edad y el sexo del receptor. CONCLUSIONES: El KDPI permite relacionar, a grandes rasgos, las características del donante con la mayor o menor supervivencia del injerto y del paciente en la población española. No obstante, debido a ciertas limitaciones, convendría elaborar un índice propio a partir de los datos españoles o europeos. En este trabajo se identifican algunos factores predictivos de la supervivencia del injerto que pueden servir como primer paso en esa línea

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The Kidney Donor Profile Index (KDPI), together with other donor and recipient variables, can optimise the organ allocation process. This study aims to check the feasibility of the KDPI for a Spanish population and its predictive ability of graft and patient survival. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data from 2,734 kidney transplants carried out in Andalusia between January 2006 and December 2015 were studied. Cases were grouped by recipient age, categorised by KDPI quartile and both graft and patient survival were compared among groups. RESULTS: The KDPI accurately discriminated optimal organs from suboptimal or marginal ones. For adult recipients (aged: 18-59 years) it presents a hazard ratio of 1.013 (P < .001) for death-censored graft survival and of 1.013 (P = .007) for patient survival. For elderly recipients (aged: 60+ years), KDPI presented a hazard ratio of 1.016 (P = .001) for death-censored graft survival and of 1.011 (P = .007) for patient survival. A multivariate analysis identified the KDPI, donor age, donation after circulatory death, recipient age and gender as predictive factors of graft survival. CONCLUSIONS: The results obtained show that the KDPI makes it possible to relate the donor's characteristics with the greater or lesser survival of the graft and the patient in the Spanish population. However, due to certain limitations, a new index for Spain based on Spanish or European data should be created. In this study, some predictive factors of graft survival are identified that may serve as a first step in this path

Does the Kidney Donor Profile Index (KDPI) predict graft and patient survival in a Spanish population? / ¿Predice el Kidney Donor Profile Index (KDPI) la supervivencia del injerto y del paciente en una población española?

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The Kidney Donor Profile Index (KDPI), together with other donor and recipient variables, can optimise the organ allocation process. This study aims to check the feasibility of the KDPI for a Spanish population and its predictive ability of graft and patient survival. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data from 2,734 kidney transplants carried out in Andalusia between January 2006 and December 2015 were studied. Cases were grouped by recipient age, categorised by KDPI quartile and both graft and patient survival were compared among groups. RESULTS: The KDPI accurately discriminated optimal organs from suboptimal or marginal ones. For adult recipients (aged: 18-59years) it presents a hazard ratio of 1.013 (P<.001) for death-censored graft survival and of 1.013 (P=.007) for patient survival. For elderly recipients (aged: 60+years), KDPI presented a hazard ratio of 1.016 (P=.001) for death-censored graft survival and of 1.011 (P=.007) for patient survival. A multivariate analysis identified the KDPI, donor age, donation after circulatory death, recipient age and gender as predictive factors of graft survival. CONCLUSIONS: The results obtained show that the KDPI makes it possible to relate the donor's characteristics with the greater or lesser survival of the graft and the patient in the Spanish population. However, due to certain limitations, a new index for Spain based on Spanish or European data should be created. In this study, some predictive factors of graft survival are identified that may serve as a first step in this path.

Evolución del virus de la hepatitis C oculto tras inmunosupresión en enfermedad renal crónica avanzada / The evolution of occult Hepatitis C Virus after immunosuppression in advanced CKD patients

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Progression of urinary protein excretion after kidney transplantation: A marker for poor long-term prognosis.

INTRODUCTION: Post-transplantation proteinuria is a risk factor for graft failure. A progressive decline in renal graft function is a predictor for mortality in kidney transplant patients. OBJECTIVES: To assess the development and the progression of urinary protein excretion (UPE) in the first year post-transplant in recipients of kidney transplants and its effect on patient and graft outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analysed 1815 patients with 24-h UPE measurements available at 3 and 12 months post-transplant. Patients were divided based on their UPE level: below 300 mg, 300-1000 mg and over 1000 mg (at 3 and 12 months), and changes over time were analysed. RESULTS: At 3 months, 65.7% had UPE below 300 mg/24 h, 29.6% 300-1000 mg/24 h and 4.7% over 1000 mg/24h. At one year, 71.6% had UPE below 300 mg/24 h, 24.1% 300-1000 mg/24 h and 4.4% over 1000 mg/24 h. In 208 patients (12%), the UPE progressed, in 1233 (70.5%) it remained stable and in 306 (17.5%) an improvement was observed. We found that the level of UPE influenced graft survival, particularly if a progression occurred. Recipient's age and renal function at one year were found to be predictive factors for mortality, while proteinuria and renal function were predictive factors for graft survival. CONCLUSIONS: Proteinuria after transplantation, essentially when it progresses, is a marker of a poor prognosis and a predictor for graft survival. Progression of proteinuria is associated with poorer renal function and lower graft survival rates.

Progression of urinary protein excretion after kidney transplantation: A marker for poor long-term prognosis / Progresión de la excreción urinaria de proteínas después del trasplante renal: un marcador de mal pronóstico a largo plazo

Introduction: Post-transplantation proteinuria is a risk factor for graft failure. A progressive decline in renal graft function is a predictor for mortality in kidney transplant patients. Objectives: To assess the development and the progression of urinary protein excretion (UPE) in the first year post-transplant in recipients of kidney transplants and its effect on patient and graft outcomes. Materials and methods: We analysed 1815 patients with 24-h UPE measurements available at 3 and 12 months post-transplant. Patients were divided based on their UPE level: below 300mg, 300–1000mg and over 1000mg (at 3 and 12 months), and changes over time were analysed. Results: At 3 months, 65.7% had UPE below 300mg/24h, 29.6% 300–1000mg/24h and 4.7% over 1000mg/24h. At one year, 71.6% had UPE below 300mg/24h, 24.1% 300–1000mg/24h and 4.4% over 1000mg/24h. In 208 patients (12%), the UPE progressed, in 1233 (70.5%) it remained stable and in 306 (17.5%) an improvement was observed. We found that the level of UPE influenced graft survival, particularly if a progression occurred. Recipient's age and renal function at one year were found to be predictive factors for mortality, while proteinuria and renal function were predictive factors for graft survival. Conclusions: Proteinuria after transplantation, essentially when it progresses, is a marker of a poor prognosis and a predictor for graft survival. Progression of proteinuria is associated with poorer renal function and lower graft survival rates (AU)

Introducción: La proteinuria después de un trasplante renal constituye un factor de riesgo para el fallo del injerto. Una disminución progresiva de la función del injerto renal es un predictor de la mortalidad en los pacientes trasplantados renales. Objetivos: Analizar la aparición y la progresión de una excreción urinaria de proteínas (EUP) en el primer año siguiente al trasplante en pacientes trasplantados renales, y su efecto sobre la evolución del paciente y del injerto. Material y métodos: Analizamos un total de 1815 pacientes en los que se dispuso de determinaciones de la EUP de 24 horas a los 3 y a los 12 meses del trasplante. Dividimos a los pacientes según el nivel de EUP, de la siguiente forma: inferior a 300mg, 300-1000mg y más de 1000mg (a los 3 y 12 meses), y analizamos los cambios a lo largo del tiempo. Resultados: A los 3 meses, el 65,7% presentaban una EUP inferior a 300mg/24h, el 29,6% 300-1000mg/24h y el 4,7% más de 1000mg/24h. A un año, el 71,6% tenían una EUP inferior a 300mg/24h, el 24,1% 300-1000mg/24h y el 4,4% más de 1000mg/24h. En 208 pacientes (12%), la EUP mostró una progresión, en 1233 (70,5%) se mantuvo estable y en 306 (17,5%) se observó una mejoría. Observamos que el nivel de EUP influía en la supervivencia del injerto, en especial si se producía una progresión. La edad y la función renal del receptor al año del trasplante fueron factores predictivos de la mortalidad, mientras que la proteinuria y la función renal lo fueron de la supervivencia del injerto. Conclusiones: La proteinuria después del trasplante, fundamentalmente cuando muestra una progresión, es un marcador de mal pronóstico y un factor predictivo de la supervivencia del injerto. La progresión de la proteinuria se asocia a una peor función renal y a una tasa de supervivencia del injerto inferior (AU)

Pronostico del injerto pancreático tras perdida del injerto renal por causas técnicas en el trasplante simultáneo de páncreas-riñón / Renal-pancreas transplant: prognosis of the pancreas after technical failure of the kidney

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Trasplante renal con injertos procedentes de donantes en parada cardíaca Maastricht tipo III / Kidney transplantation with grafts from type III Maastricht non-beating-heart donors

El trasplante renal (TR) con riñones de donantes fallecidos en parada cardíaca (PC) está creciendo en nuestro país. La mayoría procede de donantes con los criterios de Maastricht tipo II, si bien en los últimos años el donante fallecido tras limitación de tratamientos de soporte vital (LTSV) es una realidad en algunos países europeos y norteamericanos y constituye el Maastricht tipo III. Se presenta una serie de 6 TR con riñones de donantes fallecidos tras PC como consecuencia de LTSV en tres hospitales del Sector Málaga. Tras consensuar protocolo de actuación en el que la valoración como donante fue siempre posterior a la decisión de LTSV, se planteó a las familias la opción de donación. La preservación de los riñones se realizó mediante sonda de doble balón tipo Porges que se colocó antes de la PC. En dos casos la LTSV se realizó en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos y en el tercero en quirófano. Los tiempos desde inicio LTSV hasta la PC oscilaron entre 15 y 40 minutos, con un tiempo de parada circulatoria antes del inicio de la (..) (AU)

Kidney transplantation (KT) with kidneys from non-beating-heart donors (NBHD) is a growing trend in Spain. The majority of these kidneys come from type II Maastricht patients, although in recent years, organ donations from patients deceased due to cardiac arrest following limitation of life-sustaining therapy has already been in practice in certain European and North American countries, and it involves type III Maastricht patients. We present a series of 6 KT using kidneys from NHBD as a consequence of limitation of life-sustaining therapy in three different hospitals in the sector of Malaga. After agreeing upon a protocol for evaluating the potential of a patient for organ donation, which was always after deciding to limit life-sustaining therapy, the patients' families were given the option of organ donation. Kidneys were preserved using a Porges double balloon catheter, which was placed prior to cardiac arrest. In two cases, the limitation of life-sustaining therapy took place in the intensive care unit, and in the third case, in the operating room. The interval between limitation of life-sustaining therapy and cardiac (..) (AU)

Kidney transplantation with grafts from type III Maastricht non-beating-heart donors.

Kidney transplantation (KT) with kidneys from non-beating-heart donors (NBHD) is a growing trend in Spain. The majority of these kidneys come from type II Maastricht patients, although in recent years, organ donations from patients awaiting cardiac arrest following limitation of life-sustaining therapy has already been in practice in certain European and North American countries, involving type III Maastricht patients. We present a series of 6 KT using kidneys from NHBD as a consequence of limitation of life-sustaining therapy in three different hospitals in the sector of Malaga. After agreeing upon a protocol for evaluating the potential of a patient for organ donation after the decision for limiting life-sustaining therapy, the patients' families were given the option of organ donation. Kidneys were preserved using a Porges double balloon catheter, which was placed prior to cardiac arrest. In two cases, the limitation of life-sustaining therapy took place in the intensive care unit, and in the third case, in the operating room. The interval between limitation of life-sustaining therapy and cardiac arrest ranged between 15 minutes and 40 minutes, with an interval of circulatory arrest prior to perfusion of 5-11 minutes. Perfusion-cooling of the kidneys was initially carried out using saline solution, followed by organ preservation solution (Celsior or Belzer) and extraction of the kidney using a rapid surgical technique. True or functional hot ischaemia times were 60 minutes, 59 minutes, and 50 minutes, respectively, for each of the three donors. Kidneys were evaluated for viability using time intervals for the procedure (including hypotension prior to cardiac arrest), macroscopic appearance, and histopathology of a sample taken from each kidney. The recipients of these 6 kidneys had given their consent to receive organs from expanded-criteria donors. Cold ischaemia lasted between 9 hours and 20 hours (mean: 14.6 hours). One recipient developed haemorrhagic complications during the immediate postoperative period and required a transplantectomy. The other five currently retain functioning grafts. All had delayed graft function, necessitating haemodialysis. The range of estimated glomerular filtration rates at the most recent follow-up evaluation was 23.0-106 ml/min/1.73 m(2). In conclusion, type III Maastricht donors provide valid kidneys for transplantation, although this series showed that supported functional hot ischaemia was very important, the consequence of accumulated ischaemic damage starting in the agonal phase, circulatory arrest, and organ preservation using cold solutions. As such, to improve the quality of results obtained using kidneys from these types of donors would involve a very careful selection of optimal donors and minimisation of total functional ischaemia times.

[Pancreatic transplantation. Results of the Málaga group]. / Trasplante de páncreas: resultados del grupo Málaga.

INTRODUCTION: Pancreatic transplantation is currently the only therapeutic alternative able to restore normal blood glucose levels in diabetic patients. Moreover, this procedure can halt or even reverse diabetes-related complications. The aim of this study was to present our experience and the results of the first 4 years of a pancreatic transplantation program in our center. MATERIAL AND METHOD: From February 2000 to June 2004, 43 pancreatic transplantations were performed in 42 recipients in the Carlos Haya Regional Hospital in Malaga (Spain). In all patients, the technique of enteric drainage of exocrine pancreatic secretions and systemic venous shunting of endocrine secretions (to the inferior vena cava) was used. RESULTS: There were 37 (88.1%) simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantations, 4 (9.5%) in patients with prior kidney transplantation and 1 retransplantation (2.4%). In all patients, glycosylated hemoglobin and C-peptide levels returned to normal. Patient and pancreatic graft survival were 91% and 84%, respectively, with a median follow-up of 19 months. The reintervation rate was 31%, with an overall rate of graft loss of 16%. CONCLUSIONS: The results obtained in our series are similar to those reported for large series.

Trasplante de páncreas: resultados del grupo Málaga / Trasplante de páncreas: resultados del grupo Málaga

Introducción. El trasplante de páncreas supone, hoy día, la única alternativa terapéutica capaz de restablecer una absoluta normalidad en las cifras de glucemia en el paciente diabético; además, va a frenar e incluso revertir las complicaciones derivadas de la diabetes. El objetivo de nuestro estudio es presentar la experiencia y los resultados de los 4 primeros años del programa de trasplante pancreático en nuestro centro. Material y método. Desde febrero de 2000 hasta junio de 2004 se han realizado en el Hospital Regional Carlos Haya de Málaga 43 trasplantes de páncreas en 42 receptores. En todos los pacientes se ha utilizado la técnica de drenaje entérico de la secreción exocrina y la derivación venosa sistémica (a cava inferior) para la endocrina. Resultados. Treinta y siete (88,1%) casos fueron trasplantes simultáneos páncreas-riñón (SPR), 4 (9,5%) en pacientes con riñón previamente trasplantado (PDR) y en 1 (2,4%) caso se trató de un retrasplante. En todos los casos se consiguió la normalización de la hemoglobina glucosilada y del péptido C. La supervivencia del paciente y del injerto pancreático han sido del 91 y del 84%, respectivamente, con una mediana de seguimiento de 19 meses. La tasa de reintervenciones ha sido del 31%, con un 16% del global de pérdida del injerto. Conclusiones. Nuestros resultados obtenidos son equiparables a lo publicado por las grandes series (AU)

Introduction. Pancreatic transplantation is currently the only therapeutic alternative able to restore normal blood glucose levels in diabetic patients. Moreover, this procedure can halt or even reverse diabetes-related complications. The aim of this study was to present our experience and the results of the first 4 years of a pancreatic transplantation program in our center. Material and method. From February 2000 to June 2004, 43 pancreatic transplantations were performed in 42 recipients in the Carlos Haya Regional Hospital in Malaga (Spain). In all patients, the technique of enteric drainage of exocrine pancreatic secretions and systemic venous shunting of endocrine secretions (to the inferior vena cava) was used. Results. There were 37 (88.1%) simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantations, 4 (9.5%) in patients with prior kidney transplantation and 1 retransplantation (2.4%). In all patients, glycosylated hemoglobin and C-peptide levels returned to normal. Patient and pancreatic graft survival were 91% and 84%, respectively, with a median follow-up of 19 months. The reintervation rate was 31%, with an overall rate of graft loss of 16%. Conclusions. The results obtained in our series are similar to those reported for large series (AU)