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Bacterial growing resistance to antibiotics poses a critical threat to global health. This study investigates, for the first time, the antibiofilm properties of Vicia ervilia agglutinin (VEA) from six different V. ervilia accessions against pathogenic bacteria, and the yeast Candida albicans. In the absence of antimicrobial properties, purified VEA significantly inhibited biofilm formation, both in Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, but not in C. albicans. With an inhibitory concentration ranging from 100 to 500 µg/ml, the VEA antibiofilm activity was more relevant against the Gram-positive bacteria Streptococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis, whose biofilm was reduced up to 50% by VEA purified from accessions #5 and #36. VEA antibiofilm variability between accessions was observed, likely due to co-purified small molecules rather than differences in VEA protein sequences. In conclusion, VEA seed extracts from the accessions with the highest antibiofilm activity could represent a valid approach for the development of an effective antibiofilm agent.
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Antibacterianos , Biofilmes , Candida albicans , Bactérias Gram-Negativas , Bactérias Gram-Positivas , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Biofilmes/efeitos dos fármacos , Bactérias Gram-Positivas/efeitos dos fármacos , Bactérias Gram-Negativas/efeitos dos fármacos , Candida albicans/efeitos dos fármacos , Candida albicans/fisiologia , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Lectinas de Plantas/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/química , Sementes/químicaRESUMO
The primary cilium, hereafter cilium, is an antenna-like organelle that modulates intracellular responses, including autophagy, a lysosomal degradation process essential for cell homeostasis. Dysfunction of the cilium is associated with impairment of autophagy and diseases known as "ciliopathies". The discovery of autophagy-related proteins at the base of the cilium suggests its potential role in coordinating autophagy initiation in response to physiopathological stimuli. One of these proteins, beclin-1 (BECN1), it which is necessary for autophagosome biogenesis. Additionally, polycystin-2 (PKD2), a calcium channel enriched at the cilium, is required and sufficient to induce autophagy in renal and cancer cells. We previously demonstrated that PKD2 and BECN1 form a protein complex at the endoplasmic reticulum in non-ciliated cells, where it initiates autophagy, but whether this protein complex is present at the cilium remains unknown. Anorexigenic pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons are ciliated cells that require autophagy to maintain intracellular homeostasis. POMC neurons are sensitive to metabolic changes, modulating signaling pathways crucial for controlling food intake. Exposure to the saturated fatty acid palmitic acid (PA) reduces ciliogenesis and inhibits autophagy in these cells. Here, we show that PKD2 and BECN1 form a protein complex in N43/5 cells, an in vitro model of POMC neurons, and that both PKD2 and BECN1 locate at the cilium. In addition, our data show that the cilium is required for PKD2-BECN1 protein complex formation and that PA disrupts the PKD2-BECN1 complex, suppressing autophagy. Our findings provide new insights into the mechanisms by which the cilium controls autophagy in hypothalamic neuronal cells.
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Autofagia , Proteína Beclina-1 , Cílios , Hipotálamo , Neurônios , Canais de Cátion TRPP , Animais , Camundongos , Proteína Beclina-1/metabolismo , Cílios/metabolismo , Hipotálamo/metabolismo , Hipotálamo/citologia , Neurônios/metabolismo , Canais de Cátion TRPP/metabolismo , Canais de Cátion TRPP/genéticaRESUMO
Resumen Introducción: Los equinoideos irregulares se caracterizan por tener una selección del sustrato en fondos blandos principalmente. En El Salvador se han registrado siete especies de equinoideos irregulares en las principales playas arenosas del país, M. stokesii es una de ellas. Objetivo: Determinar la abundancia, densidad y estructura de tallas, en playones de la bocana del estero El Tamarindo, El Salvador. Métodos: La investigación se realizó en época seca en el oriente del país en playones del estero El Tamarindo que se caracteriza por presentar grandes extensiones de arena mezclada con materia orgánica. En cada sitio, se trazaron transectos en banda paralelos a la costa mediante 9 cuadrantes de 10 m2 separados entre sí por 10 m (área total de 90 m2), en donde se contabilizaron y midieron los individuos de M. stokesii que se encontraran dentro del área delimitada. Resultados: Se contabilizaron 958 individuos de M. stokesii con una densidad total de 10.64 ± 13.22 ind/m2. El rango de tamaños fue de 1-6.5 cm. El hábitat se caracterizó por presentar arena con materia orgánica en los primeros mm del sustrato en compañía de otros invertebrados. Conclusiones: La abundancia y densidad de M. stokesii es similar a la registrada en otros estudios de la región.
Abstract Introduction: Irregular echinoids are characterized by having a selection of the substrate mainly on soft bottoms. In El Salvador, seven species of irregular echinoids have been recorded on the main sandy beaches of the country, M. stokesii is one of them. Objective: Determine the abundance, density and size structure of M. stokesii on beaches at the mouth of the El Tamarindo estuary, El Salvador. Methods: The research was carried out in the dry season in the east of the country on the beaches of the El Tamarindo estuary, which is characterized by large extensions of sand mixed with organic matter. At each site, band transects parallel to the coast were plotted by 9 quadrants of 10 m2 separated from each other by 10 m (total area of 90 m2), where individuals of M. stokesii found within the delimited area were counted and measured. Results: 958 individuals of M. stokesii were counted with a total density of 10.64 ± 13.22 ind/m2. The size range was 1-6.5 cm. The habitat was characterized by presenting sand with organic matter in the first mm of the substrate in the company of other invertebrates. Conclusions: The abundance and density of M. stokesii are similar to the ones recorded in other studies in the region.
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Animais , Ouriços-do-Mar/classificação , Ecossistema , Estudos de Amostragem , El SalvadorRESUMO
Objetivo: Identificar criterios de derivación y barreras percibidas por los optómetras para la rehabilitación de personas con baja visión en Santander. Métodos: Estudio de corte transversal que incluyó 82 optómetras de municipios de Santander, seleccionados mediante muestreo intencionado. Se diseñó un cuestionario con 36 preguntas para recolectar los datos que son reportados empleando estadística descriptiva. Resultados: El 47,5 % de los profesionales tiene claro el nivel de agudeza visual para clasificar a una persona con baja visión. Las principales barreras identificadas para el acceso a servicios de baja visión fueron: el proceso de derivación dentro del sistema de salud es engorroso (74,39 %), falta de servicios cerca (57,31 %) y considerar que los pacientes no pueden pagar las ayudas (48,78 %). Discusión: Es necesario fortalecer la formación de los optómetras para mejorar los procesos de identificación, atención y rehabilitación. Conclusiones: Es importante ubicar como prioritaria la discapacidad visual en Santander, para así robustecer la red de atención en salud.
Objective: To identify referral criteria and barriers perceived by optometrists for the rehabilitation of people with low vision in Santander. Methods: Cross-sectional study, which included 82 optometrists from municipalities of Santander, selected by purposive sampling. A questionnaire with 36 questions was designed to collect data that are reported using descriptive statistics. Results: A total of 47.5% of the professionals are clear about the level of visual acuity to classify a person with low vision. The main barriers identified for access to low vision services were: the referral process within the health system is cumbersome (74.39%), lack of services nearby (57.31%) and considering that patients cannot afford the aids (48.78%). Discussion: It is necessary to strengthen the training of optometrists to improve the processes of identification, care and rehabilitation. Conclusions: It is important to prioritize visual impairment in Santander in order to strengthen the health care network.
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Baixa Visão , Colômbia , Optometristas , Estudos sobre Deficiências , Barreiras ao Acesso aos Cuidados de Saúde , Prática Profissional , Tecnologia Assistiva , Sistemas de Saúde , Serviços de ReabilitaçãoRESUMO
Meeting the ever-increasing global energy demands through sustainable and environmentally friendly means is a paramount challenge. In response to this imperative, this study is dedicated to the development of biopolymer electrolytes, which hold promise for improving the efficiency, safety, and biodegradability of energy systems. The present study aims to evaluate hydrogels synthesized from chitosan biopolymer and starch from avocado seed residues in different ratios, and dried using freeze-thawing and freeze-drying techniques. Epichlorohydrin was used as a chemical crosslinker to create a suitable degree of swelling using an ionic solution. Physical freezing crosslinking strategies such as freezing-thawing and freezing-drying were performed to generate a denser porous structure in the polymer matrix. Subsequently, synthesized electrolytes were immersed in 12 M KOH solution to improve their electrochemical properties. The effect of the different ratios of starch in the hydrogels on the structural properties of the materials was evaluated using characterization techniques such as FTIR and XRD, which allowed to confirm the crosslinking between chitosan and starch. The electrochemical performance of the hydrogels is assessed using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. A maximum conductivity value of 0.61 S·cm-1 was achieved at room temperature. The designed materials were tested in prototype zinc-air batteries; their specific capacity value was 1618 mA h·g-1, and their obtained power density was 90 mW·cm-2. These substantial findings unequivocally underscore the potential of the synthesized hydrogels as highly promising electrolytes for the application in zinc-air battery systems.
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Assessing motor competence is essential for evaluating the effectiveness of physical activity interventions that aim to maintain or improve older adults' function. However, assessing motor competence in older adults who have difficulties walking or standing is challenging, because few instruments or guidelines are appropriate for these frail older adults. This article aims to describe challenges in evaluating motor function among frail older adults, discuss strategies for adapting motor function assessments to their home settings, and provide recommendations for future clinical trials so that older adults with ambulatory difficulties can benefit from motor function assessment and physical activity programs. Data came from the baseline assessment of 116 participants of an ongoing clinical trial, "Promoting Seniors' Health with Home Care Aides (Pro-Home)". Our results demonstrated that the Pro-Home study involved participants who would be typically excluded from clinical trials and that the two instruments selected or developed for Pro-Home (Short Physical Performance Battery, Pro-Home Ankle Range of Motion Measure) captured a wide range of lower extremity motor competence with no or few missing data. Recommendations for future studies include knowing the target population thoroughly, developing trust and rapport with all parties involved, and continuously collaborating with interviewers who conduct assessments.
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Exercício Físico , Idoso Fragilizado , Humanos , Idoso , CaminhadaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Clinical features and outcomes of SARSCoV-2 infections may change between different waves of the pandemic. The objective of this study was to compare clinical characteristics and outcomes between two cohorts of patients hospitalized for COVID-19 during the first and second waves in Argentina. METHODS: Multicenter and prospective registry of patients =18 years old with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 admitted to 18 hospitals in Argentina during the first wave (March to October 2020) and second wave (March to July 2021) of the pandemic. Demographics, clinical characteristics, and outcomes of these patients were compared. RESULTS: A total of 1691 patients were included (first wave n = 809, second wave n = 882). Hospitalized patients during the second wave were older (median 53 years vs. 61 years, p < 0.001), had more comorbidities (71% vs. 77%, p=0.007) and required more supplemental oxygen at admission (21% vs 62%, p < 0.001). During hospitalization, patients of the second wave required more supplemental oxygen (49% vs. 85%, p < 0.001), invasive ventilation (12% vs. 22%, p < 0.001) and had higher 30- day mortality (11% vs. 26%, p < 0.001). Comparing only patients who required supplemental oxygen during hospitalization, 30-day mortality was 20% and 30% p < 0.001 for the first and second wave, respectively. CONCLUSION: Compared to patients admitted during the first wave, patients admitted with SARS-CoV2 during the second wave in Argentina were more seriously ill and had a higher mortality.
Introducción: Las características clínicas y evolutivas de los pacientes con diagnóstico de COVID-19 pueden diferir entre las distintas olas de la pandemia. El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar las características clínicas, evolución y mortalidad de pacientes hospitalizados por COVID-19 durante la primera y segunda ola en Argentina. Métodos: Registro multicéntrico y prospectivo de pacientes = 18 años con diagnóstico confirmado de COVID-19 internados en 18 hospitales de Argentina durante la primera (marzo a octubre 2020) y la segunda ola (marzo a julio 2021) de la pandemia. Se compararon variables demográficas, características clínicas, y evolución a 30 días. Resultados: Se incluyeron un total de 1691 pacientes (primera ola n = 809, segunda ola n = 882). Los pacientes hospitalizados durante la segunda ola tenían mayor edad (mediana 53 años vs. 61 años, p < 0.001), comorbilidades (71% vs. 77%, p = 0.007) y requerimiento de oxígeno (21% vs. 62%, p < 0.001). Durante la hospitalización, los pacientes de la segunda ola requirieron más oxigenoterapia (49% vs. 85%, p < 0.001), asistencia mecánica respiratoria (12% vs. 22%, p < 0,001) y presentaron mayor mortalidad (11% vs. 26%, p < 0.001). Comparando únicamente a los que requirieron oxigenoterapia durante la hospitalización, la mortalidad a los 30 días fue de 20% y 30% p < 0.001 en la primera y segunda ola respectivamente. Conclusión: Comparados con los pacientes internados durante la primera ola, los internados durante la segunda ola de SARS-CoV-2 en Argentina presentaron mayor gravedad y mortalidad.
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COVID-19 , Humanos , Adolescente , Pandemias , RNA Viral , SARS-CoV-2 , Oxigênio , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
Resumen Introducción : Las características clínicas y evolutivas de los pacientes con diagnóstico de COVID-19 pueden diferir entre las distintas olas de la pandemia. El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar las características clínicas, evolución y mortalidad de pacientes hospitalizados por COVID-19 durante la primera y segunda ola en Argentina. Métodos : Registro multicéntrico y prospectivo de pacientes ≥ 18 años con diagnóstico confirmado de COVID-19 internados en 18 hospitales de Argentina durante la primera (marzo a octubre 2020) y la segunda ola (marzo a julio 2021) de la pandemia. Se compararon variables demográficas, características clínicas, y evolu ción a 30 días. Resultados : Se incluyeron un total de 1691 pacien tes (primera ola n = 809, segunda ola n = 882). Los pa cientes hospitalizados durante la segunda ola tenían mayor edad (mediana 53 años vs. 61 años, p < 0.001), comorbilidades (71% vs. 77%, p = 0.007) y requerimiento de oxígeno (21% vs. 62%, p < 0.001). Durante la hospi talización, los pacientes de la segunda ola requirieron más oxigenoterapia (49% vs. 85%, p < 0.001), asistencia mecánica respiratoria (12% vs. 22%, p <0,001) y presen taron mayor mortalidad (11% vs. 26%, p < 0.001). Compa rando únicamente a los que requirieron oxigenoterapia durante la hospitalización, la mortalidad a los 30 días fue de 20% y 30% p < 0.001 en la primera y segunda ola respectivamente. Conclusión : Comparados con los pacientes interna dos durante la primera ola, los internados durante la segunda ola de SARS-CoV-2 en Argentina presentaron mayor gravedad y mortalidad.
Abstract Introduction : Clinical features and outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infections may change between different waves of the pandemic. The objective of this study was to compare clinical characteristics and outcomes between two cohorts of patients hospitalized for COVID-19 during the first and second waves in Argentina. Methods : Multicenter and prospective registry of patients ≥18 years old with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 admitted to 18 hospitals in Argentina during the first wave (March to October 2020) and second wave (March to July 2021) of the pandemic. Demographics, clinical characteristics, and outcomes of these patients were compared. Results : A total of 1691 patients were included (first wave n = 809, second wave n = 882). Hospitalized pa tients during the second wave were older (median 53 years vs. 61 years, p < 0.001), had more comorbidities (71% vs. 77%, p=0.007) and required more supplemental oxygen at admission (21% vs 62%, p < 0.001). During hos pitalization, patients of the second wave required more supplemental oxygen (49% vs. 85%, p < 0.001), invasive ventilation (12% vs. 22%, p < 0.001) and had higher 30- day mortality (11% vs. 26%, p < 0.001). Comparing only patients who required supplemental oxygen during hos pitalization, 30-day mortality was 20% and 30% p < 0.001 for the first and second wave, respectively. Conclusion : Compared to patients admitted during the first wave, patients admitted with SARS-CoV2 dur ing the second wave in Argentina were more seriously ill and had a higher mortality.
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Introducción. Las cardiopatías congénitas complejas son las malformaciones más frecuentes con una importante carga de morbimortalidad. Se busca conocer el estado de salud y discapacidad de niños operados en un hospital de tercer nivel. Población y métodos. Fueron evaluados en las áreas de crecimiento, neurodesarrollo y discapacidad 84 pacientes entre 21 y 39 meses de edad operados con circulación extracorpórea durante el primer año de vida. Resultados. La mayoría de los niños crece por debajo del percentil 50 en los tres parámetros, con mayor compromiso en aquellos con síndrome genético asociado. La frecuencia de discapacidad fue del 55 %. En el grupo con CC aislada, la gravedad de la cardiopatía y el examen neurológico patológico al alta se asociaron con discapacidad (p = 0,047 y p = 0,03). Contar solo con cobertura de salud pública se asocia a un menor acceso a intervenciones oportunas (p = 0,02). Conclusiones. Cerca de la mitad de los pacientes evoluciona con discapacidad moderada-grave. Es competencia del equipo de salud conocer las morbilidades más allá del aspecto cardiovascular y los factores de riesgo. Las barreras en el acceso a las intervenciones adecuadas advierten a los profesionales sobre la relevancia de buscar estrategias para vencerlas y lograr el máximo potencial de desarrollo de los pacientes.
Introduction. Complex congenital heart defects are the most frequent malformations and entail a significant burden of disease. The objective of this study was to determine the health status and disability of children who underwent surgery at a tertiary care hospital. Population and methods. A total of 84 patients aged 21 to 39 months who had a surgery with extracorporeal circulation during their first year of life were assessed in terms of growth, neurodevelopment, and disability. Results. In most children, growth was below the 50th percentile in all 3 parameters, and greater involvement was observed in those with an associated genetic disorder. The frequency of disability was 55%. In the group with isolated congenital heart disease, the severity of disease and a pathological neurological examination at discharge were associated with disability (p = 0.047 and p = 0.03). Having only public health coverage was associated with less access to timely interventions (p = 0.02). Conclusions. Nearly half of the patients develop moderate-severe disability. Being aware of morbidities beyond the cardiovascular aspect and risk factors is part of the health care team's scope. Barriers in access to appropriate interventions caution health care providers of the relevance of seeking strategies to overcome them and achieve the maximum development potential of patients.
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Humanos , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Cardiopatias Congênitas/diagnóstico , Desenvolvimento Infantil , Nível de Saúde , Estudos Transversais , Estudos ProspectivosRESUMO
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death and disability worldwide. After heart injury triggered by myocardial ischemia or myocardial infarction, extensive zones of tissue are damaged and some of the tissue dies by necrosis and/or apoptosis. The loss of contractile mass activates a series of biochemical mechanisms that allow, through cardiac remodeling, the replacement of the dysfunctional heart tissue by fibrotic material. Our previous studies have shown that primary cilia, non-motile antenna-like structures at the cell surface required for the activation of specific signaling pathways, are present in cardiac fibroblasts and required for cardiac fibrosis induced by ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) in mice. I/R-induced myocardial fibrosis promotes the enrichment of ciliated cardiac fibroblasts where the myocardial injury occurs. Given discussions about the existence of cilia in specific cardiac cell types, as well as the functional relevance of studying cilia-dependent signaling in cardiac fibrosis after I/R, here we describe our methods to evaluate the presence and roles of primary cilia in cardiac fibrosis after I/R in mice.
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Infarto do Miocárdio , Traumatismo por Reperfusão Miocárdica , Camundongos , Animais , Cílios/metabolismo , Traumatismo por Reperfusão Miocárdica/metabolismo , Traumatismo por Reperfusão Miocárdica/patologia , Coração , Fibrose , Miócitos Cardíacos/metabolismo , MiocárdioRESUMO
Introducción: Las personas con baja visión requieren de un proceso de rehabilitación de la visión que les permita optimizar su resto visual, mitigando así el impacto de la discapacidad. Objetivo: Describir las condiciones del acceso a la rehabilitación de la visión en Bucaramanga y su Área Metropolitana. Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio de caso colectivo tomando elementos de la fenomenología. Se asumió la postura teórica de Andersen y colaboradores. Se realizaron entrevistas semi-estructuradas a 11 pacientes y profesionales involucrados en la atención y rehabilitación, residentes en municipios del área metropolitana de Bucaramanga. El análisis se hizo en tres momentos: descubrimiento, codificación e interpretación de los datos. Resultados: Dos categorías emergen del estudio: 1. Rehabilitación de la visión: Un asunto incipiente. 2. Experiencia de las personas con baja visión frente a los procesos de atención para el manejo de la baja visión, con sus subcategorías: Fallas en la identificación y orientación frente al manejo de la baja visión y Dificultades para asistir a las atenciones clínicas y acceso a dispositivos. Discusión: Describir las condiciones de acceso a los servicios de rehabilitación puede contribuir a generar estrategias de intervención que permitan abordar las barreras identificadas. Conclusiones: Las consecuencias de la baja visión pueden ser atenuadas al acceder a procesos de rehabilitación; sin embargo, en los cuatro municipios participantes las personas experimentan múltiples barreras para lograr su rehabilitación, lo que evidencia la necesidad de establecer mecanismos que permitan el ejercicio del derecho a la salud de las personas con discapacidad visual.
Introduction: People with low vision need a vision rehabilitation process that allows them to optimize their remaining vision and thus mitigate the impact of the disability. Objective: To describe the conditions for access to vision rehabilitation in Bucaramanga and its metropolitan area. Materials and Methods: A collective case study was conducted by taking elements from phenomenology. The theoretical position of Andersen and collaborators was assumed. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 11 patients and professionals involved in care and rehabilitation residing in municipalities in the metropolitan area of Bucaramanga. The analysis was done in three stages: discovery, coding, and interpretation of the data. Results: Two categories emerge from the study: 1) Vision rehabilitation: An incipient issue, and 2) People with low vision experience in low vision management care processes; the latter with the following subcategories: Failures in the identification and orientation to low vision management and difficulties in attending clinical care and accessing devices. Discussion: Describing the conditions for accessing rehabilitation services can contribute to designing intervention strategies to address the identified barriers. Conclusions: The consequences of low vision can be mitigated by accessing rehabilitation processes; however, in the four participating municipalities, people face multiple barriers to rehabilitation. This situation evidences the need to establish mechanisms that allow people with visual impairments to exercise their right to health.
Introdução: As pessoas com baixa visão necessitam de um processo de reabilitação visual que lhes permita otimizar o descanso visual, mitigando assim o impacto da deficiência. Objetivo: Descrever as condições de acesso à reabilitação visual em Bucaramanga e sua Área Metropolitana. Materiais e Métodos: Realizou-se um estudo de caso coletivo a partir de elementos da fenomenologia. foi assumido posição teórica de Andersen e colaboradores. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com 11 pacientes e profissionais envolvidos no cuidado e reabilitação, residentes em municípios da área metropolitana de Bucaramanga. A análise foi feita em três momentos: descoberta, codificação e interpretação dos dados. Resultados: Duas categorias emergem do estudo: 1. Reabilitação da visão: uma questão emergente. 2. Vivência das pessoas com baixa visão quanto aos processos de cuidado para o manejo da visão subnormal, com suas subcategorias: Falhas na identificação e orientação quanto ao manejo da visão subnormal e Dificuldades no atendimento clínico e acesso aos dispositivos. Discussão: Descrever as condições de acesso aos serviços de reabilitação pode contribuir para gerar estratégias de intervenção que permitam enfrentar as barreiras identificadas. Conclusões: As consequências da baixa visão podem ser mitigadas com acesso a processos de reabilitação; no entanto, nos quatro municípios participantes, as pessoas enfrentam múltiplas barreiras para alcançar sua reabilitação, o que mostra a necessidade de estabelecer mecanismos que permitam às pessoas com deficiência visual exercer o direito à saúde.
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Reabilitação , Baixa Visão , Assistência Ambulatorial , Acessibilidade aos Serviços de SaúdeRESUMO
Cadmium (Cd) and mercury (Hg) are ubiquitous soil pollutants that promote the accumulation of reactive oxygen species, causing oxidative stress. Tolerance depends on signalling processes that activate different defence barriers, such as accumulation of small heat sock proteins (sHSPs), activation of antioxidant enzymes, and the synthesis of phytochelatins (PCs) from the fundamental antioxidant peptide glutathione (GSH), which is probably modulated by ethylene. We studied the early responses of alfalfa seedlings after short exposure (3, 6, and 24 h) to moderate to severe concentration of Cd and Hg (ranging from 3 to 30 µM), to characterize in detail several oxidative stress parameters and biothiol (i.e., GSH and PCs) accumulation, in combination with the ethylene signalling blocker 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP). Most changes occurred in roots of alfalfa, with strong induction of cellular oxidative stress, H2O2 generation, and a quick accumulation of sHSPs 17.6 and 17.7. Mercury caused the specific inhibition of glutathione reductase activity, while both metals led to the accumulation of PCs. These responses were attenuated in seedlings incubated with 1-MCP. Interestingly, 1-MCP also decreased the amount of PCs and homophytochelatins generated under metal stress, implying that the overall early response to metals was controlled at least partially by ethylene.
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Introduction: Whipple's disease is a chronic systemic disease with a predilection for the digestive system, especially the small intestine. It was first described in 1907 by George H. Whipple, who named it intestinal lipodystrophy. It is caused by a gram-positive bacterium belonging to the Actinomycetaceae family called Tropheryma whipplei. Objective: To characterize patients with Whipple's disease. Materials and methods: A systematic literature review was carried out using the DeCS terms enfermedad de Whipple (Whipple's disease) or (Tropheryma whipplei) in the Pubmed/Medline, Scopus, Scielo, Science Direct, Embase, Cochrane Library, BIREME, Proquest, and Redalyc databases; 123 articles were analyzed. Results: 123 published articles corresponding to case reports and series were examined, noting a higher prevalence in males (70.6%). The most frequent manifestations were joint symptoms (61%), followed by weight loss (47.1%) and diarrhea (43.4%). The most used diagnostic method was polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (63.2%), followed by biopsy (50.7%) and pathological examination with PAS (periodic acid Schiff) granules (47.8%). The management most used was antibiotic therapy with a predominance of trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and ceftriaxone. Conclusions: Whipple's disease has a low prevalence, occurs more frequently in white people, mainly affects the elderly, has a predilection for the male sex, and is characterized as a chronic systemic disease with a predilection for the digestive system, especially the small intestine.
Introducción: la enfermedad de Whipple es una enfermedad crónica sistémica con predilección por el aparato digestivo, especialmente el intestino delgado. Fue descrita por vez primera en 1907 por George H. Whipple, quien la denominó lipodistrofia intestinal. Es causada por una bacteria grampositiva perteneciente a la familia de los Actinomycetaceae denominada Tropheryma whipplei. Objetivo: caracterizar a los pacientes con enfermedad de Whipple. Materiales y métodos: se realizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura, de los términos DeCS enfermedad de Whipple (whipple Disease) o (Tropheryma whipplei) en las bases de datos Pubmed/Medline, Scopus, Scielo y Science Direct, Embase, Cochrane Library, BIREME, Proquest y Redalyc; se analizaron 123 artículos. Resultados: se analizaron 123 artículos publicados que correspondían a reportes y series de casos en los cuales se evidenció una mayor prevalencia en varones (70,6%). Las manifestaciones más frecuentes fueron los síntomas articulares (61%), seguidos de pérdida de peso (47,1%) y diarrea (43,4%). El método diagnóstico más usado fue la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR) (63,2%), seguido por la biopsia (50,7%) y, por último, examen anatomopatológico con gránulos PAS (ácido peryódico de Schiff) (47,8%). El manejo más empleado fue la antibioticoterapia con predominio de trimetoprima/sulfametoxazol y ceftriaxona. Conclusiones: la enfermedad de Whipple tiene una baja prevalencia, se presenta con mayor frecuencia en personas de raza blanca, afecta principalmente a los adultos mayores, tiene predilección por el sexo masculino y se caracteriza por ser una enfermedad crónica sistémica con predilección por el aparato digestivo, especialmente el intestino delgado.
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Pseudogamous apomixis in Paspalum simplex generates seeds with embryos genetically identical to the mother plant and endosperms deviating from the canonical 2(maternal):1(paternal) parental genome contribution into a maternal excess 4m:1p genome ratio. In P. simplex, the gene homologous to that coding for subunit 3 of the ORIGIN OF RECOGNITION COMPLEX (PsORC3) exists in three isogenic forms: PsORC3a is apomixis specific and constitutively expressed in developing endosperm whereas PsORCb and PsORCc are up-regulated in sexual endosperms and silenced in apomictic ones. This raises the question of how the different arrangement and expression profiles of these three ORC3 isogenes are linked to seed development in interploidy crosses generating maternal excess endosperms. We demonstrate that down-regulation of PsORC3b in sexual tetraploid plants is sufficient to restore seed fertility in interploidy 4n×2n crosses and, in turn, its expression level at the transition from proliferating to endoreduplication endosperm developmental stages dictates the fate of these seeds. Furthermore, we show that only when being maternally inherited can PsORC3c up-regulate PsORC3b. Our findings lay the basis for an innovative route-based on ORC3 manipulation-to introgress the apomictic trait into sexual crops and overcome the fertilization barriers in interploidy crosses.
Assuntos
Endosperma , Paspalum , Endosperma/genética , Paspalum/genética , Sementes/genéticaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To synthesize information on the psychometric properties of scales used to assess vision-related quality of life in people with low vision. METHODS: A systematic review was conducted. The Cochrane Library, Embase, PubMed, Bireme and Epistemonikos databases were consulted in July 2020. Eligibility assessment of abstracts and full texts was performed independently by two investigators.A standardized template was used for data extraction regarding study design, scale and version, clinical condition of participants, and psychometric properties measured, using database-specific controlled vocabulary terms for low vision and keywords for vision-related quality of life and validity. Data was synthesized considering two approaches for scales validations, Classical Test Theory and Rasch Analysis. RESULTS: A total of 53 articles were included in our analysis. In total, 40 studies evaluated the NEI VFQ scale, four evaluated the IVI scale, two evaluated the VA LV VFQ instrument and seven validated the LVQOL scale. This review found that the VRQoL NEI VFQ, IVI, LVQOL and VA LV VFQ-48 scales have adequate psychometric properties, with good internal consistency, when assessed using the CTT approach. The NEI VFQ scale also showed adequate test-retest reliability and adequate construct and content validity. The NEI VFQ and LVQOL scales showed inadequate items and multidimensionality when Rasch analysis was used. The IVI scale showed potential for assessing change in HRQoL after providing interventions to patients with low vision. CONCLUSIONS: Many questionnaires exist to measure vision-related quality of life in people with low vision, but the psychometric properties of the questionnaires are variable.
Assuntos
Qualidade de Vida , Baixa Visão , Humanos , Psicometria , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Visão Ocular , Inquéritos e Questionários , Perfil de Impacto da DoençaRESUMO
Introduction. Complex congenital heart defects are the most frequent malformations and entail a significant burden of disease. The objective of this study was to determine the health status and disability of children who underwent surgery at a tertiary care hospital. Population and methods. A total of 84 patients aged 21 to 39 months who had a surgery with extracorporeal circulation during their first year of life were assessed in terms of growth, neurodevelopment, and disability. Results. In most children, growth was below the 50 th percentile in all 3 parameters, and greater involvement was observed in those with an associated genetic disorder. The frequency of disability was 55%. In the group with isolated congenital heart disease, the severity of disease and a pathological neurological examination at discharge were associated with disability (p = 0.047 and p = 0.03). Having only public health coverage was associated with less access to timely interventions (p = 0.02). Conclusions. Nearly half of the patients develop moderate-severe disability. Being aware of morbidities beyond the cardiovascular aspect and risk factors is part of the health care team's scope. Barriers in access to appropriate interventions caution health care providers of the relevance of seeking strategies to overcome them and achieve the maximum development potential of patients.
Introducción. Las cardiopatías congénitas complejas son las malformaciones más frecuentes con una importante carga de morbimortalidad. Se busca conocer el estado de salud y discapacidad de niños operados en un hospital de tercer nivel. Población y métodos. Fueron evaluados en las áreas de crecimiento, neurodesarrollo y discapacidad 84 pacientes entre 21 y 39 meses de edad operados con circulación extracorpórea durante el primer año de vida. Resultados. La mayoría de los niños crece por debajo del percentil 50 en los tres parámetros, con mayor compromiso en aquellos con síndrome genético asociado. La frecuencia de discapacidad fue del 55 %. En el grupo con CC aislada, la gravedad de la cardiopatía y el examen neurológico patológico al alta se asociaron con discapacidad (p = 0,047 y p = 0,03). Contar solo con cobertura de salud pública se asocia a un menor acceso a intervenciones oportunas (p = 0,02). Conclusiones. Cerca de la mitad de los pacientes evoluciona con discapacidad moderada-grave. Es competencia del equipo de salud conocer las morbilidades más allá del aspecto cardiovascular y los factores de riesgo. Las barreras en el acceso a las intervenciones adecuadas advierten a los profesionales sobre la relevancia de buscar estrategias para vencerlas y lograr el máximo potencial de desarrollo de los pacientes.
Assuntos
Cardiopatias Congênitas , Humanos , Criança , Lactente , Cardiopatias Congênitas/diagnóstico , Desenvolvimento Infantil , Nível de SaúdeRESUMO
Introduction: With the increasing amount of research around Computational Thinking (CT) and endeavors introducing CT into curricula worldwide, assessing CT at all levels of formal education is of utmost importance to ensure that CT-related learning objectives are met. This has contributed to a progressive increase in the number of validated and reliable CT assessments for K-12, including primary school. Researchers and practitioners are thus required to choose among multiple instruments, often overlapping in their age validity. Methods: In this study, we compare the psychometric properties of two of these instruments: the Beginners' CT test (BCTt), developed for grades 1-6, and the competent CT test (cCTt), validated for grades 3-4. Classical Test Theory and Item Response Theory (IRT) were employed on data acquired from 575 students in grades 3-4 to compare the properties of the two instruments and refine the limits of their validity. Results: The findings (i) establish the detailed psychometric properties of the BCTt in grades 3-4 for the first time, and (ii) through a comparison with students from the same country, indicate that the cCTt should be preferred for grades 3-4 as the cCTt is able to discriminate between students of low and medium ability. Conversely, while the BCTt, which is easier, shows a ceiling effect, it is better suited to discriminate between students in the low ability range. For these grades, the BCTt can thus be employed as a screening mechanism to identify low ability students. Discussion: In addition to providing recomendations for use of these instruments, the findings highlight the importance of comparing the psychometric properties of existing assessments, so that researchers and practitioners, including teachers and policy makers involved in digital education curricular reforms, may take informed decisions when selecting assessments.
RESUMO
The use of mobile devices by healthcare providers has transformed many aspects of clinical practice. Mobile devices and medical applications provide many benefits, perhaps most significantly increased access to point-of-care (POC) tools, which has been shown to support better clinical decision making and improved patient outcomes. In LMICs, where computer-based technology is limited, the use of mobile technology has the potential to immensely increase access to point of care tools. In this study, we conducted an interventional, pre-post study to determine whether the use of a medical application could help healthcare providers accurately recognize and diagnose AKI. After preparing 20 clinical vignettes based on AKI cases from our center Global Snapshot study report, we asked 50 last year medical students to identify the presence and stage of AKI first without and then with the use of the IRA SLANH App (IRA SLANH app, Island of the Moon® V.1, 2014; Cochabamba-Bolivia), which was designed specifically for this study. Before the IRA SLANH app was introduced, the mean number of correctly identified cases of AKI was 14.7 ± 4.7 with a minimum of 3 and a maximum of 20. The stage of AKI was correctly identified in only 6.7 ± 4.4 of the cases. After the app was introduced, the number of correctly identified and staged cases of AKI was 20. Medical applications are useful point-of-care tools in the practice of evidence-based medicine. Their use has the potential to play a very important role in early identification and classification of AKI, particularly in LMICs potentially allowing for earlier intervention with preventive and treatment strategies to reverse kidney injury and improve recovery.
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Autophagy is an intracellular degradation mechanism that allows recycling of organelles and macromolecules. Autophagic function increases metabolite availability modulating metabolic pathways, differentiation and cell survival. The oral environment is composed of several structures, including mineralized and soft tissues, which are formed by complex interactions between epithelial and mesenchymal cells. With aging, increased prevalence of oral diseases such as periodontitis, oral cancer and periapical lesions are observed in humans. These aging-related oral diseases are chronic conditions that alter the epithelial-mesenchymal homeostasis, disrupting the oral tissue architecture affecting the quality of life of the patients. Given that autophagy levels are reduced with age, the purpose of this review is to discuss the link between autophagy and age-related oral diseases.
Assuntos
Autofagia , Qualidade de Vida , Envelhecimento , Homeostase , HumanosRESUMO
Palmitic acid (PA) is significantly increased in the hypothalamus of mice, when fed chronically with a high-fat diet (HFD). PA impairs insulin signaling in hypothalamic neurons, by a mechanism dependent on autophagy, a process of lysosomal-mediated degradation of cytoplasmic material. In addition, previous work shows a crosstalk between autophagy and the primary cilium (hereafter cilium), an antenna-like structure on the cell surface that acts as a signaling platform for the cell. Ciliopathies, human diseases characterized by cilia dysfunction, manifest, type 2 diabetes, among other features, suggesting a role of the cilium in insulin signaling. Cilium depletion in hypothalamic pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons triggers obesity and insulin resistance in mice, the same phenotype as mice deficient in autophagy in POMC neurons. Here we investigated the effect of chronic consumption of HFD on cilia; and our results indicate that chronic feeding with HFD reduces the percentage of cilia in hypothalamic POMC neurons. This effect may be due to an increased amount of PA, as treatment with this saturated fatty acid in vitro reduces the percentage of ciliated cells and cilia length in hypothalamic neurons. Importantly, the same effect of cilia depletion was obtained following chemical and genetic inhibition of autophagy, indicating autophagy is required for ciliogenesis. We further demonstrate a role for the cilium in insulin sensitivity, as cilium loss in hypothalamic neuronal cells disrupts insulin signaling and insulin-dependent glucose uptake, an effect that correlates with the ciliary localization of the insulin receptor (IR). Consistently, increased percentage of ciliated hypothalamic neuronal cells promotes insulin signaling, even when cells are exposed to PA. Altogether, our results indicate that, in hypothalamic neurons, impairment of autophagy, either by PA exposure, chemical or genetic manipulation, cause cilia loss that impairs insulin sensitivity.