Demonstration of event position reconstruction based on diffusion in the NEXT-white detector.

Noble element time projection chambers are a leading technology for rare event detection in physics, such as for dark matter and neutrinoless double beta decay searches. Time projection chambers typically assign event position in the drift direction using the relative timing of prompt scintillation and delayed charge collection signals, allowing for reconstruction of an absolute position in the drift direction. In this paper, alternate methods for assigning event drift distance via quantification of electron diffusion in a pure high pressure xenon gas time projection chamber are explored. Data from the NEXT-White detector demonstrate the ability to achieve good position assignment accuracy for both high- and low-energy events. Using point-like energy deposits from 83mKr calibration electron captures (E∼45 keV), the position of origin of low-energy events is determined to 2 cm precision with bias <1mm. A convolutional neural network approach is then used to quantify diffusion for longer tracks (E≥1.5 MeV), from radiogenic electrons, yielding a precision of 3 cm on the event barycenter. The precision achieved with these methods indicates the feasibility energy calibrations of better than 1% FWHM at Qßß in pure xenon, as well as the potential for event fiducialization in large future detectors using an alternate method that does not rely on primary scintillation.

Programa de capacitación ‘cesar’: evolución descriptiva de los alumnos inscritos desde octubre de 2020 hasta la actualidad / Cesar' training programme: descriptive evolution of enrolled trainees from October 2020 to the present day

JUSTIFICACIÓN: la farmacia comunitaria tiene un papel fundamental en el proceso de cesación tabáquica. CESAR es una capacitación integral en cesación tabáquica para farmacéuticos comunitarios (FC), mediante una formación teórico-práctica y clínica completa de tres fases con una recapacitación periódica.OBJETIVO: conocer el estado de situación de los FC inscritos en las últimas 4 ediciones (2020-2022).MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: estudio descriptivo retrospectivo. Se estudia el número de FC inscritos, el porcentaje que ha superado cada fase y finalizado el programa. Comparando las 4 ediciones. FASES: Fase 1: teórica online. Fase 2: práctica. Fase 3: clínica: 3 registros en SEFAC e_XPERT. Se recogen y analizan los datos de los FC inscritos en las 4ª ediciones. Excepto la 1ª, las ediciones están abiertas.RESULTADOS: el número total de inscritos durante el período 2020- febrero de 2022 fue de 293, siendo 39 socios de SEFAC. Por CCAA; destacan la C. Valenciana e Islas Baleares con un 23,45 % de los inscritos; Región de Murcia, Aragón, Castilla La Mancha, C. de Madrid y Galicia entre 11,11 y 6,17 %; Andalucía, Castilla y León, Canarias y Cataluña <5 %.El 97,2 % de los alumnos han necesitado una matrícula para superar el curso. El 1,40 % de los inscritos no está en activo. El 77,77 % de los inscritos son mujeres, el 22,22 % hombres. (AU)

Evaluación del conocimiento del paciente sobre fármacos para el dolor en farmacia comunitaria / Assessment of patient knowledge of pain medication in community pharmacies

JUSTIFICACIÓN: el dolor es la causa más frecuente de consulta médica. Los fármacos más utilizados por la población son analgésicos y antiinflamatorios no esteroideos (AINES). Sin embargo, también está aumentando el uso de analgésicos opioides para este fin. Es importante un buen uso de estos fármacos para conseguir una mayor efectividad y seguridad de los mismos. Desde la farmacia comunitaria en el momento de la dispensación podemos valorar el conocimiento que el paciente tiene de todos estos fármacos.OBJETIVOS: Principal: Evaluar el conocimiento que el paciente tiene del fármaco que se le dispensa en la farmacia comunitaria para reducir el dolor. Secundarios: -Conocer el correcto uso de estos fármacos-Registrar el conocimiento del paciente sobre las reacciones adversas de estos medicamentos.MATERIAL Y MÉTODO: estudio observacional transversal realizado en 8 farmacias de las provincias de Valencia y Alicante, por 11 farmacéuticos. Población diana:>18 años, durante la semana del 28 de febrero al 7 de marzo, que llegan a la farmacia comunitaria solicitando un fármaco, para sí mismo, para reducir o cese del dolor, análgésicos, AINEs, opiodes, ya sea por demanda o prescripción médica. Se elabora un cuaderno de recogida de datos mediante una encuesta de google, registrando las respuestas del paciente a las preguntas realizadas en la dispensación ¿para quién? ¿Para qué?, ¿cómo?, ¿cuándo?, ¿conoce las reacciones adversas?, tiempo de uso del fármaco y si la dispensación es con receta de prescripción. Además, se recogen las variables sociodemográficas del paciente. Análisis estadístico con MSExcel® Resultados Respondieron 164, de los cuales 105 eran mujeres, edad media 54 años. El fármaco más dispensado fue el paracetamol seguido de ibuprofeno, dexketoprofeno, metamizol y naproxeno. El 92 % de los fármacos dispensados era para la persona que lo retiraba. (AU)

Conocimiento del grado de satisfacción ciudadana por la autorrealización de test COVID- 19 en farmacia comunitaria en la Comunidad Valenciana / Knowledge of the degree of citizen satisfaction with the self-performance of the COVID-19 test in community pharmacies in the Valencian Community

JUSTIFICACIÓN: la Consellería de Sanitat i Salut Pública - Comunitat Valenciana autorizó desde el 11 de enero 2022 la realización de autotest COVID en farmacias comunitarias de esta comunidad a cualquier persona con un cuadro clínico compatible con la COVID-19: de carácter leve, de infección respiratoria aguda de aparición súbita y que curse con tos o dolor de garganta o síntomas nasales, con o sin fiebre. En caso de dar el test positivo, el farmacéutico será responsable de registrar el resultado de dicho autotest en la plataforma electrónica habilitada a tal efecto. Este procedimiento es voluntario para la ciudadanía, y a las 24 h el propio ciudadano puede pedir on line la baja laboral por la COVID. Esta medida tiene como objetivo aliviar la presión asistencial en los centros de atención primaria.OBJETIVOS. Objetivo principal: registrar el grado de satisfacción de los ciudadanos con la medida adoptada por Consellería. Secundario: conocer la participación de los ciudadanos en el autotest COVID19 en farmacias. Ampliar el conocimiento de esta medida para la población, incluída la baja laboral en caso de positividad del test.MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: en 10 días aleatorizados se invita a cualquier ciudadano que entra en la farmacia a participar en una encuesta sobre la satisfacción de la medida adoptada por la Conselleria sobre la realización de Test- COVID19 en su casa o en la farmacia. En caso positivo si ha podido acceder al sistema de baja laboral automático. La recogida de datos se realizó desde 20 de febrero hasta 1 de marzo de 2022 en 6 farmacias de la Comunidad Valenciana. (AU)

First Results on Dark Matter Annual Modulation from the ANAIS-112 Experiment.

ANAIS is a direct detection dark matter experiment aiming at the testing of the DAMA/LIBRA annual modulation result, which, for about two decades, has neither been confirmed nor ruled out by any other experiment in a model independent way. ANAIS-112, consisting of 112.5 kg of sodium iodide crystals, has been taking data at the Canfranc Underground Laboratory, Spain, since August 2017. This Letter presents the annual modulation analysis of 1.5 years of data, amounting to 157.55 kg yr. We focus on the model independent analysis searching for modulation and the validation of our sensitivity prospects. ANAIS-112 data are consistent with the null hypothesis (p values of 0.67 and 0.18 for [2-6] and [1-6] keV energy regions, respectively). The best fits for the modulation hypothesis are consistent with the absence of modulation (S_{m}=-0.0044±0.0058 cpd/kg/keV and -0.0015±0.0063 cpd/kg/keV, respectively). They are in agreement with our estimated sensitivity for the accumulated exposure, which supports our projected goal of reaching a 3σ sensitivity to the DAMA/LIBRA result in five years of data taking.

Demonstration of Single-Barium-Ion Sensitivity for Neutrinoless Double-Beta Decay Using Single-Molecule Fluorescence Imaging.

A new method to tag the barium daughter in the double-beta decay of ^{136}Xe is reported. Using the technique of single molecule fluorescent imaging (SMFI), individual barium dication (Ba^{++}) resolution at a transparent scanning surface is demonstrated. A single-step photobleach confirms the single ion interpretation. Individual ions are localized with superresolution (∼2 nm), and detected with a statistical significance of 12.9σ over backgrounds. This lays the foundation for a new and potentially background-free neutrinoless double-beta decay technology, based on SMFI coupled to high pressure xenon gas time projection chambers.

Maresin 1 mitigates liver steatosis in ob/ob and diet-induced obese mice.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to characterize the effects of Maresin 1 (MaR1) in obesity-related liver steatosis and the mechanisms involved. METHODS: MaR1 effects on fatty liver disease were tested in ob/ob (2-10 µg kg-1 i.p., 20 days) and in diet-induced obese (DIO) mice (2 µg kg-1, i.p., or 50 µg kg-1, oral gavage for 10 days), as well as in cultured hepatocytes. RESULTS: In ob/ob mice, MaR1 reduced liver triglycerides (TG) content, fatty acid synthase (FAS) and stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 protein expression, while increased acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) phosphorylation and LC3II protein expression, in parallel with a drop in p62 levels. Similar effects on hepatic TG, ACC phosphorylation, p62 and LC3II were observed in DIO mice after MaR1 i.p. injection. Interestingly, oral gavage of MaR1 also decreased serum transaminases, reduced liver weight and TG content. MaR1-treated mice exhibited reduced hepatic lipogenic enzymes content (FAS) or activation (by phosphorylation of ACC), accompanied by upregulation of carnitine palmitoyltransferase (Cpt1a), acyl-coenzyme A oxidase (Acox1) and autophagy-related proteins 5 and 7 (Atg5-7) gene expression, along with increased number of autophagic vacuoles and reduced p62 protein levels. MaR1 also induced AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation in DIO mice and in primary hepatocytes, and AMPK inhibition completely blocked MaR1 effects on Cpt1a, Acox1, Atg5 and Atg7 expression. CONCLUSIONS: MaR1 ameliorates liver steatosis by decreasing lipogenic enzymes, while inducing fatty acid oxidation genes and autophagy, which could be related to AMPK activation. Thus, MaR1 may be a new therapeutic candidate for reducing fatty liver in obesity.

Eicosapentaenoic acid promotes mitochondrial biogenesis and beige-like features in subcutaneous adipocytes from overweight subjects.

Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), a n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid, has been reported to have beneficial effects in obesity-associated metabolic disorders. The objective of the present study was to determine the effects of EPA on the regulation of genes involved in lipid metabolism, and the ability of EPA to induce mitochondrial biogenesis and beiging in subcutaneous adipocytes from overweight subjects. Fully differentiated human subcutaneous adipocytes from overweight females (BMI: 28.1-29.8kg/m2) were treated with EPA (100-200 µM) for 24 h. Changes in mRNA expression levels of genes involved in lipogenesis, fatty acid oxidation and mitochondrial biogenesis were determined by qRT-PCR. Mitochondrial content was evaluated using MitoTracker® Green stain. The effects on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, co-activator 1 alpha (PGC-1α) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) were also characterized. EPA down-regulated lipogenic genes expression while up-regulated genes involved in fatty acid oxidation. Moreover, EPA-treated adipocytes showed increased mitochondrial content, accompanied by an up-regulation of nuclear respiratory factor-1, mitochondrial transcription factor A and cytochrome c oxidase IV mRNA expression. EPA also promoted the activation of master regulators of mitochondrial biogenesis such as sirtuin 1, PGC1-α and AMPK. In parallel, EPA induced the expression of genes that typify beige adipocytes such as fat determination factor PR domain containing 16, uncoupling protein 1 and cell death-inducing DFFA-like effector A, T-Box protein 1 and CD137. Our results suggest that EPA induces a remodeling of adipocyte metabolism preventing fat storage and promoting fatty acid oxidation, mitochondrial biogenesis and beige-like markers in human subcutaneous adipocytes from overweight subjects.

Hydrophilic surface modification of acrylate-based biomaterials.

Acrylic polymers have proved to be excellent with regard to cell adhesion, colonization and survival, in vitro and in vivo. Highly ordered and regular pore structures thereof can be produced with the help of polyamide templates, which are removed with nitric acid. This treatment converts a fraction of the ethyl acrylate side groups into acrylic acid, turning poly(ethyl acrylate) scaffolds into a more hydrophilic and pH-sensitive substrate, while its good biological performance remains intact. To quantify the extent of such a modification, and be able to characterize the degree of hydrophilicity of poly(ethyl acrylate), poly(ethyl acrylate) was treated with acid for different times (four, nine and 17 days), and compared with poly(acrylic acid) and a 90/10%wt. EA/AAc copolymer (P(EA-co-AAc)). The biological performance was also assessed for samples immersed in acid up to four days and the copolymer, and it was found that the incorporation of acidic units on the material surface was not prejudicial for cells. This surface modification of 3D porous hydrophobic scaffolds makes easier the wetting with culture medium and aqueous solutions in general, and thus represents an advantage in the manageability of the scaffolds.

TREX-DM: a low-background Micromegas-based TPC for low-mass WIMP detection.

If Dark Matter is made of Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) with masses below [Formula: see text] GeV, the corresponding nuclear recoils in mainstream WIMP experiments are of energies too close, or below, the experimental threshold. Gas Time Projection Chambers (TPCs) can be operated with a variety of target elements, offer good tracking capabilities and, on account of the amplification in gas, very low thresholds are achievable. Recent advances in electronics and in novel radiopure TPC readouts, especially micro-mesh gas structure (Micromegas), are improving the scalability and low-background prospects of gaseous TPCs. Here we present TREX-DM, a prototype to test the concept of a Micromegas-based TPC to search for low-mass WIMPs. The detector is designed to host an active mass of [Formula: see text] kg of Ar at 10 bar, or alternatively [Formula: see text] kg of Ne at 10 bar, with an energy threshold below 0.4 keVee, and is fully built with radiopure materials. We will describe the detector in detail, the results from the commissioning phase on surface, as well as a preliminary background model. The anticipated sensitivity of this technique may go beyond current experimental limits for WIMPs of masses of 2-8 GeV.

LXR is a negative regulator of glucose uptake in human adipocytes.

AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Obesity increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus, characterised by impaired insulin-mediated glucose uptake in peripheral tissues. Liver X receptor (LXR) is a positive regulator of adipocyte glucose transport in murine models and a possible target for diabetes treatment. However, the levels of LXRα are increased in obese adipose tissue in humans. We aimed to investigate the transcriptome of LXR and the role of LXR in the regulation of glucose uptake in primary human adipocytes. METHODS: The insulin responsiveness of human adipocytes differentiated in vitro was characterised, adipocytes were treated with the LXR agonist GW3965 and global transcriptome profiling was determined by microarray, followed by quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR), western blot and ELISA. Basal and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake was measured and the effect on plasma membrane translocation of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) was assayed. RESULTS: LXR activation resulted in transcriptional suppression of several insulin signalling genes, such as AKT2, SORBS1 and CAV1, but caused only minor changes (<15%) in microRNA expression. Activation of LXR impaired the plasma membrane translocation of GLUT4, but not the expression of its gene, SLC2A4. LXR activation also diminished insulin-stimulated glucose transport and lipogenesis in adipocytes obtained from overweight individuals. Furthermore, AKT2 expression was reduced in obese adipose tissue, and AKT2 and SORBS1 expression was inversely correlated with BMI and HOMA index. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: In contrast to murine models, LXR downregulates insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in human adipocytes from overweight individuals. This could be due to suppression of Akt2, c-Cbl-associated protein and caveolin-1. These findings challenge the idea of LXR as a drug target in the treatment of diabetes.

Evolución del hamartoma fibrolipomatoso precalcáneo congénito / Outcome of the precalcaneal congenital fibrolipomatous hamartoma

No disponible

Hypoglycaemia and somnambulism: a case report.

Sleepwalking (somnambulism) is a sleep disorder classified as a parasomnia. Sleepwalkers develop motor activities that may be simple or complex: they can get out of bed, walk, urinate and even leave the house while remaining unconscious and unable to communicate. It is difficult to wake a sleepwalker, but it is not dangerous - as many people think. Sleepwalking cases have been caused by jet lag, the consumption of narcotics, sedatives and alcohol, cardiac problems such as arrhythmias, and other medical conditions, including epilepsy, asthma and apnoea. In a quick search of the literature, only one case due to hypoglycaemia has been reported, describing a patient with type 1 diabetes whose sleepwalking was triggered by nocturnal hypoglycaemia. Our present case was similar, and our report also describes how it occurred and how the condition was remedied.

Glucogenosis tipo Ib / Type Ib glycogenosis

Las glucogenosis tipo Ib son enfermedades infrecuentes; representan solo el 10-20% de las glucogenosis I, cuya incidencia en Europa es de 1 caso por 100.000 recién nacidos. Presentamos el caso de un lactante afecto de glucogenosis Ib que debutó con cuadro séptico. Sometido a tratamiento diario con factor estimulante de las colonias de granulocitos y a tratamiento dietético, evoluciona con infecciones respiratorias de repetición, aceptable control metabólico y crecimiento y desarrollo psicomotor adecuados (AU)

The glycogen storage diseases type Ib are uncommon diseases; representing only 10-20% of glycogenosis I, whose incidence in Europe is 1 case per 100,000 newborns. We report the case of an infant with glycogenosis Ib who presented with a sepsis. Subjected to daily treatment with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and dietary treatment evolves with recurrent respiratory infections, acceptable metabolic control and appropriate growth and psycho-motor development (AU)

Análisis envolvente de datos para la determinación de la eficiencia relativa de 8 servicios de 31 hospitales del Sistema Nacional de Salud (SNS) / Data envelopment analysis for determining the relative efficiency of eight services of 31 hospitals in the National Health System (NHS)

La investigación llevada a cabo ha tenido dos objetivos principales: 1) descriptivo, para determinar el nivel de eficiencia relativa en unidades productivas clínicas hospitalarias públicas, mediante la aplicación del Análisis Envolvente de Datos; 2) metodológico, en búsqueda de hallazgos de interés relacionados con la modelización. Los sujetos de estudio son ocho servicios de cada una de las 31 instituciones sanitarias participantes. Las variablesrelevantes han sido tratadas mediante el software “Frontier Analyst”, habiéndose obtenido información de utilidad para el análisis de unidades asistenciales, lo cual permite avanzar en el empeño de llevar a cabo evaluaciones específicas por servicios (AU)

The research carried out has had two main objectives. One descriptive, to determine the level of relative efficiency in public hospital clinics production units through the application of data envelopment analysis and, second, for methodological findings of interest related to modeling (AU)

Escabiosis en lactante / Scabiosis in the infant

Presentamos el caso de una lactante de 1,5 meses de edad diagnosticada de escabiosis nodular de predominio en dorso. Tratada con permitirán al 5% presentó reinfestación con nuevas y numerosas lesiones pápulo-pustulosas de predominio en manos y pies. Este caso nos permite ejemplificar el amplio espectro de las manifestaciones clínicas de la escabiosis en la infancia y recordar quela escabiosis debe considerarse en el diagnóstico diferencial de las dermatosis, especialmente si son pruriginosas, de la infancia (AU)

We present the case of a 1,5 month´s old infant girl diagnosed of nodular scabies located mainly in trunk. Treated with 5% permetrin, she presented reinfestation with many new papulo-pustulous lesions predominantly on hands and feet. This cases is an example of the wide spectrum of clinical manifestations of scabies in infancy, and reminds us that scabies must be considered in differential diagnosis of pruriginous dermatosis in infancy (AU)