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1.
An. sist. sanit. Navar ; 33(1): 11-20, ene.-abr. 2010. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-86387

RESUMO

Fundamento. Los trabajos sobre pérdida auditiva laboralse han centrado clásicamente en el estudio del ruidocomo causa principal. En la rama del metal es muy comúnla presencia de contaminantes físicos y químicos.En este artículo se analizan ambos junto con ciertoshábitos personales, con la finalidad de ver su influenciaconjunta en la pérdida auditiva laboral.Material y métodos. Se analiza una muestra de 558 trabajadoresmediante regresión de Cox con una finalidadexplicativa. Se define el carácter de las relaciones causa-efecto existentes entre las variables consideradas,con respecto a tres situaciones: sano/alterado; recuperable/no recuperable; sin caídas en conversacionales/con caídas en conversacionales.Resultados. El análisis refleja que los fluidos de mecanizado,en presencia de ruido, retrasan la adquisición delos diversos grados de alteración auditiva; efecto contrarioal que producen los humos metálicos, que adelantanla adquisición de dichos estadios. El hábito defumar se reconoce como influyente en la adquisición deun trauma acústico inicial; la exposición a ruido extralaboralinfluye en la adquisición de un trauma acústicoavanzado; y por otro lado, los equipos de protecciónauditiva son protectores del ruido pero no de la ototoxicidadde los humos metálicos.Conclusión. Se pone de manifiesto el efecto antagónicode los fluidos de mecanizado y el sinérgico de los humosmetálicos frente al ruido, explicando la variacióntemporal en la evolución de la alteración auditiva, relacionadacon estas atmósferas; se comprueba la influenciadel tabaco y del ruido extralaboral, en la adquisicióndel trauma acústico(AU)


Background. Works on labour-related hearing losshave traditionally been centred on the study of noise asthe principal cause. The presence of physical and chemicalpollutants is very common in the metalworkingbranch. This article analyses both, together with certainpersonal habits, with the aim of determining theirjoint influence on labour-related hearing loss.Methods. A sample of 558 workers was analysed usingCox regression with an explicative aim. The characterof the cause-effect relations existing between the variablesconsidered is defined with respect to three situations:healthy/altered; recoverable/non-recoverable;with falls in conversational abilities/without falls inconversational abilities.Results. The analysis reflects the fact that metalworkingfluids, in the presence of noise, delay the acquisitionof different degrees of auditory alteration; an effectcontrary to that produced by welding fumes, whichaccelerate such states. The habit of smoking is recognisedas having an influence on the acquisition of aninitial acoustic trauma; exposure to noise outside theworkplace influences the acquisition of an advancedacoustic trauma; and, on the other hand, the auditoryprotective equipment provides protection against noisebut mot of the ototoxicity of welding fumes.Conclusion. The antagonistic effect of metalworkingfluids and the synergic effect of welding fumes in theface of noise are made evident in relation to these environments,explaining the temporal variation in the evolutionof auditory alteration; the influence of tobaccoand noise outside the workplace in the acquisition ofacoustic trauma are confirmed(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Perda Auditiva/complicações , Perda Auditiva/diagnóstico , Perda Auditiva/etiologia , Perda Auditiva Provocada por Ruído/complicações , Perda Auditiva Provocada por Ruído/diagnóstico , Perda Auditiva Provocada por Ruído/patologia , Fumaça/efeitos adversos , Poluição Ambiental/efeitos adversos , Poluição por Fumaça de Tabaco/efeitos adversos , Ruído/efeitos adversos , Ruído/prevenção & controle
2.
An. sist. sanit. Navar ; 32(1): 23-34, ene.-abr. 2009. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-61429

RESUMO

Fundamento. Analizar la accidentalidad laboral en todotipo de empresas, a través de los riesgos que la provocan,teniendo en cuenta que el objetivo final es estableceruna clasificación de riesgos prioritarios. Estainformación permite abordar las acciones preventivasoportunas sobre los riesgos más vulnerables.Material y Métodos. Se aplica un conjunto de técnicasestadístico-matemáticas, basadas fundamentalmenteen contrastes estadísticos, a los accidentes laboralesacaecidos durante tres años, en un organismo de investigacióny desarrollo español (I+D) con 8.780 trabajadores.Se utiliza como patrón de referencia en esteestudio, para un análisis comparativo, el conjunto deaccidentes en España durante un periodo de 11 años.Resultados. Tras la aplicación de la nueva metodología,los dos primeros riesgos que requieren acciones preventivasprioritarias son interacción con substanciasagresivas y accidentes con maquinaria móvil. Si únicamentese hubieran considerado los dos riesgos confrecuencias más elevadas, sin tener en cuenta la vulnerabilidadde cada uno de ellos, los riesgos prioritarioshubieran sido sobreesfuerzos y caídas al mismo nivel.Conclusiones. El análisis proporciona una relación delos riesgos más vulnerables (puntos débiles), sobrelos cuales actuar y de esta forma ser más efectivos a lahora de reducir la accidentalidad(AU)


Background. To analyse workplace accidents, by consideringthe risks that provoke such accidents, bearingin mind that the final aim is to establish a classificationof priority risks. This information will make it possibleto undertake the opportune preventive actions againstthe most vulnerable risks.Material and Methods. A set of statistical-mathematicaltechniques, essentially based on statistical contrasts,was applied to work accidents taking place during athree year period in a Spanish Research and Development(R+D) organisation with 8,780 workers. The referencestandard used for comparative analysis was theensemble of accidents in Spain over an 11 year period.Results. After application of the new methodology, thetwo risks requiring priority preventive actions are interactionwith aggressive substances and accidents withmoving machinery. If the two risks with the highestfrequency had been considered alone, without takinginto account the vulnerability of each, the priority riskswould have been overexertion and falls at the same level.Conclusions. The analysis provides a list of the mostvulnerable risks accidents on which action should betaken and thus achieve greater effectiveness in establishingwhich actions should be considered opportune(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Acidentes de Trabalho/estatística & dados numéricos , Gestão de Riscos/tendências , Acidentes de Trabalho/prevenção & controle , 35437 , Riscos Ocupacionais , Fatores de Risco , Estatística como Assunto
3.
J Appl Physiol (1985) ; 68(2): 748-53, 1990 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2318782

RESUMO

This study was designed to measure the O2 uptake (VO2) of cyclists while they rode outdoors at speeds from 32 to 40 km/h. Regression analyses of data from 92 trials using the same wheels, tires, and tire pressure with the cyclists riding in their preferred gear and in an aerodynamic position indicated the best equation (r = 0.84) to estimate VO2 in liters per minute VO2 = -4.50 + 0.17 rider speed + 0.052 wind speed + 0.022 rider weight where rider and wind speed are expressed in kilometers per hour and rider weight in kilograms. Following another rider closely, i.e., drafting, at 32 km/h reduced VO2 by 18 +/- 11%; the benefit of drafting a single rider at 37 and 40 km/h was greater (27 +/- 8%) than that at 32 km/h. Drafting one, two, or four riders in a line at 40 km/h resulted in the same reduction in VO2 (27 +/- 7%). Riding at 40 km/h at the back of a group of eight riders reduced VO2 by significantly more (39 +/- 6%) than drafting one, two, or four riders in a line; drafting a vehicle at 40 km/h resulted in the greatest decrease in VO2 (62 +/- 6%). VO2 was also 7 +/- 4% lower when the cyclists were riding an aerodynamic bicycle. An aerodynamic set of wheels with a reduced number of spokes and one set of disk wheels were the only wheels to reduce VO2 significantly while the cyclists were riding a conventional racing bicycle at 40 km/h.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)


Assuntos
Ciclismo , Metabolismo Energético/fisiologia , Exercício Físico/fisiologia , Consumo de Oxigênio/fisiologia , Adulto , Humanos , Masculino
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