Radiological differential diagnosis and management of retroperitoneal hematomas posterior to radical inguinal orchiectomies. A case report.

Introduction: Retroperitoneal hematomas are rare complications of radical inguinal orchiectomy. This case report discusses their radiological differential diagnosis and management. Case presentation: A radical inguinal orchiectomy was performed on a 27-year-old patient. After discharge, he referred back pain. Computed tomography showed a retroperitoneal hematoma. A conservative approach was decided. Discussion: Traditionally, retroperitoneal hematomas have been considered possible radiologic pitfalls, which has therapeutical implications. This pitfall seems less likely in contemporary clinical practice.A conservative approach is preferred in stable patients, whereas active management should be offered to unstable patients. Conclusion: Future studies are necessary to offer evidence-based therapeutical options.

Trends in treatments for erectile dysfunction in Chile between 2010 and 2020 with special focus on penile prostheses.

OBJECTIVES: Evidence regarding demand trends for erectile dysfunction (ED) treatments are scarce in South America. This study aims to evaluate trends in ED treatments in Chile over a 10-year period (2010- 2020) and estimate the potential number of candidates for penile prosthesis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sales trends of pharmacological treatments and penile prosthesis were obtained from market studies. The potential number of candidates for penile prosthesis implantation was calculated by crossing epidemiological data with previously reported ED prevalence, proportion of sexually active men, percentage of men seeking medical assistance for ED, and the proportion of patients who are non-responders to ED oral drug therapies Results: In the 10-year studied period, the Chilean male population older than 50 years increased 34.7%, with an average annual variation (AAV) of 3.4%. For the same period, the sales of oral drug therapies for ED increased by 71.3% (AAV 6.2%), the sales of intracavernosal vasoactive agents (ICVA) decreased by 0.4% (AAV -0.2%), and penile prosthesis sales increased by 113% (AAV 6.7%). We estimated that only 0.05% of sexually active men older than 50 years old with ED who sought medical assistance finally had a penile prosthesis implanted to manage their condition. CONCLUSIONS: Demand for ED oral drug therapies significantly increased in Chile during the last decade, while ICVA remained stable. The annual rate of penile prosthesis implantation increased. However, the gap between the potential penile prosthesis candidates and the actual number of devices implanted is suspected to remain extremely high.

Co-morbilidad neuro-psiquiátrica en infección por VIH / Neuropsychiatric comorbidity in HIV infection

Resumen Introducción: Aproximadamente 50% de las personas con infección por VIH padecen de alguna patología neuro-psiquiátrica. Características intrínsecas del virus, sus complicaciones, tratamiento y el contexto socio-cultural de los infectados facilitan el desarrollo de estas co-morbilidades, que determinan, en parte, el curso y pronóstico de las personas con infección por VIH. Objetivo: Introducir en la fisiopatología, características clínicas y manejo de la patología neuro-psiquiática en la infección por VIH, centrándose en dos de sus cuadros de mayor prevalencia: el trastorno neuro-cognitivo asociado al VIH (HAND) y el trastorno depresivo mayor (TDM). Desarrollo: En general, la detección y el tratamiento precoz de la patología neuropsiquiátrica en personas con infección por VIH mejora la calidad de vida de los pacientes, el curso clínico de la infección y mejora la adherencia al tratamiento anti-retroviral, lo que constituye una herramienta importante en el control de la propagación del VIH.

Abstract Background: The prevalence of neuropsychiatric disorders in HIV infected individuals is around 50%. Despite this, these diseases are often underdiagnosed and undertreated. Direct effects of the virus, opportunistic infections, adverse effects of antiretroviral therapy and the sociocultural context of the infected persons, contribute to the development of HIV associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) and major depressive disorder (MDD), both of which have an impact in quality of life and disease progression. Aim: To introduce physicians in the pathophysiology, clinical features and management of psychiatric disease in seropositive patients. Content: Early detection and treatment of neuropsychiatric comorbidity in HIV infected individuals improve clinical outcomes, quality of life and is an important milestone in the control of the pandemic.

[Neuropsychiatric comorbidity in HIV infection]. / Co-morbilidad neuro-psiquiátrica en infección por VIH.

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of neuropsychiatric disorders in HIV infected individuals is around 50%. Despite this, these diseases are often underdiagnosed and undertreated. Direct effects of the virus, opportunistic infections, adverse effects of antiretroviral therapy and the sociocultural context of the infected persons, contribute to the development of HIV associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) and major depressive disorder (MDD), both of which have an impact in quality of life and disease progression. AIM: To introduce physicians in the pathophysiology, clinical features and management of psychiatric disease in seropositive patients. CONTENT: Early detection and treatment of neuropsychiatric comorbidity in HIV infected individuals improve clinical outcomes, quality of life and is an important milestone in the control of the pandemic.