RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Both anorganic bovine bone (ABB) and ß-tricalcium phosphate (ß-TCP) are used in clinical practice as bone substitute materials, but there is limited data comparing these two materials in standardized defects. The aim of this study was to histologically evaluate the effectiveness of ABB and ß-TCP in the healing of experimentally induced bone defects. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighteen bone defects were created on the calvaria of six rabbits. In each animal, one defect was left untreated and the other two were filled with ABB and ß-TCP. After one month, histological sections were prepared. Type and vitality of newly formed bone, percentage of new bone formation and residual material, thickness of trabeculae, inflammation and foreign body reaction were assessed. RESULTS: The newly formed osseous tissue was vital in all defects and consisted of woven and lamellar bone. Mean percentages of new bone formation were 30.83±14.29%, 16.83±11.07% and 14.00±8.17% in ß-TCP, ABB and control groups, respectively and the mean percentages of residual biomaterial were 24.17±14.01% and 36.50±8.43% in ß-TCP and ABB groups, respectively. However, the differences were not statistically significant (all ps>0.05). Inflammatory infiltration was statistically higher in ß-TCP compared to the control group (p=0.025), but the difference was not significant between ß-TCP and ABB groups (p=0.083). Trabeculation thickness and foreign body reaction were not statistically different between ß-TCP and ABB groups. CONCLUSION: ß-TCP and ABB were not different with regard to the quantity and quality of newly formed osseous tissue. However, inflammatory infiltration was higher in sites filled with ß-TCP.
RESUMO
OBJECTIVES: Hypericum spp. (H.) has been used in traditional medicine for their sedative effect for many years. In spite of many works on this genus, little is known about H. scabrum. In this work antidepressant and its protective effect against hypoxia-induced lethality were evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Antidepressant and its protective effects against hypoxia-induced lethality were evaluated. Antidepressant activity was determined by forced swimming test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST). Antihypoxic activities were determined by asphytic, haemic and circulatory hypoxia models in mice. Also, hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity and cumene hydroperoxide (CuOOH) induced hemolysis also were investigated. RESULTS: At all tested doses H. scabrum significantly and dose dependently reduced the immobility periods in FST and TST. Also, extract showed statistically significant antihypoxic activities in three asphytic, haemic and circulatory hypoxia models in mice. The extract showed moderately good scavenging activity with IC50 = 518.8 +/- 20.7 microg ml(-1). Extract inhibited significantly CuOOH induced hemolysis in red blood cells (RBC). CONCLUSIONS: H. scabrum aqueous extract showed remarkable antihypoxic and antidepressant effects thus, lend pharmacological justification to the use of the plant extract by traditional medicine practitioners. Mechanism of antidepressant activity of extract may be through nitric oxide pathway.
Assuntos
Antidepressivos/farmacologia , Hypericum , Hipóxia/tratamento farmacológico , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Animais , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Feminino , Sequestradores de Radicais Livres/farmacologia , Elevação dos Membros Posteriores , Masculino , Camundongos , NataçãoRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: The Ferula genus (Umbelliferae) is a rich source of gum-resin and is much utilized in folklore medicine. This study is designed to examine antioxidant and antihaemolytic activities of Ferula foetida regel flower, stem and leaf extracts. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl radical (DPPH), nitric oxide and H2O2 scavenging activities, Fe2+ chelating ability, reducing power and hemoglobin-induced linoleic acid peroxidation were used to evaluate antioxidant activities. Antihaemolytic activity was evaluated by H2O2 induced hemolysis in rat erythrocyte. Total phenolic compounds were determined as gallic acid equivalents and total flavonoid contents were calculated as quercetin equivalents from a calibration curve. RESULTS: The leaf aqueous-ethanol extract showed the highest activity in DPPH radical scavenging activity. All extracts showed weak nitric oxide scavenging activity. The stem extract had better activity in nitric oxide scavenging model than the other extracts (IC50 = 896.9 +/- 21.9 microg ml(-1)), but it was not comparable to quercetin (p < 0.001). The leaf extract exhibited better H2O2 scavenging and Fe2+ chelating activity than the other parts. The extracts exhibited good antioxidant activity in linoleic acid peroxidation test but were not comparable to vitamin C (p < 0.001). Extracts showed weak reducing power activity. The stem extract showed better antihaemolytic activity than the flower and leaf. The flower extract had higher phenolic contents. The extracts exhibited different levels of antioxidant and antihaemolytic activities in all tested models. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed remarkable antioxidant and antihemolytic activities in Feruia foetida. Biological effects may be attributed to the presence of phenols and flavonoids in the extract. It is very promising for further biochemical experiments.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Ferula , Hemólise/efeitos dos fármacos , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Animais , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Ferula/química , Flavonoides/análise , Flores/química , Folhas de Planta/química , Caules de Planta/química , RatosRESUMO
The purpose of this study was to investigate the reaction of the pulp of dogs' teeth after insertion of soft carious dentin from freshly extracted human teeth into the buccal cavities for short and longer periods of time. Forty-seven mature lower and upper teeth were used in this study. On the middle of the buccal side of the teeth, 3 x 5 mm class nu cavities were prepared, soft carious dentin from freshly extracted human teeth was inserted into the floor of the cavity, and those were filled with glass ionomer. The dogs were killed after 7, 14, 28 and 47 days using vital perfusion techniques. Six-micrometre sections were prepared and blindly evaluated by pathologist. An inflammatory reaction occurred in all of the samples. Moderate to severe inflammation were shown in all periods except in one in the 7-day period. Insertion of soft carious dentin gathered from freshly extracted human teeth into class nu cavities produced in dogs' teeth for 7 days is a reproducible process and could be used in study of pulp pathology.
Assuntos
Polpa Dentária/patologia , Doenças do Cão/patologia , Pulpite/patologia , Animais , Dentina/transplante , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Transmissão de Doença Infecciosa , Cães , Humanos , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: Biebersteinia multifida is a common herb known in Iran. Its roots have been used locally in folk medicine of western region of Iran in the treatment of many diseases. The antioxidant activity and its inhibition of erythrocyte hemolysis were investigated. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl radical (DPPH), nitric oxide and hydrogen peroxide scavenging activities, Fe2+ chelating ability, reducing power and hemoglobin-induced linoleic acid peroxidation were used to evaluate antioxidant activities. Antihemolytic activity was evaluated by H2O2 induced hemolysis in rat erythrocyte. The total amount of phenolic compounds was determined as gallic acid equivalents and total flavonoid contents were calculated as quercetin equivalents from a calibration curve. RESULTS: Root had higher phenol contents (80.1 +/- 3.1 mg ml(-1)) and showed highest activity in DPPH radical-scavenging activity (95.9 +/- 3.2 microg ml(-1)). It also showed better reducing power than other parts. In Fe2+ chelating, leaf extract was the most potent (789 +/- 33 microg ml(-1)). Extracts exhibited good H2O2 scavenging in a concentration dependent manner. All extracts exhibited good protection against hemoglobin-catalyzed peroxidation linoleic acid system. In nitric oxide scavenging model, root extract showed the best activity (696 +/- 2.7 microg ml(-1)). Root and leaf extracts contained total phenol and flavonoids contents than other extracts. Tested extracts show weak activity in H2O2 induced hemolysis in rat erythrocyte which was not comparable with vitamin C. CONCLUSIONS: Biebersteinia multifida extracts exhibited different levels of antioxidant and antihemolytic activities in all tested models. Biological effects may be attributed, at least in part, to the presence of phenols and flavonoids in the extracts.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Geraniaceae , Hemólise/efeitos dos fármacos , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Plantas Medicinais , Animais , Geraniaceae/química , Peróxido de Hidrogênio/metabolismo , Irã (Geográfico) , Masculino , Fenóis/análise , Raízes de Plantas/química , Plantas Medicinais/química , Ratos , Ratos WistarRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The effect on bone regeneration, of adding pamidronate disodium to bovine-derived hydroxyapatite, was histologically evaluated, using the sheep bone model. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty-four intrabony defects were prepared in the lower jaw of eight sheep using trephine 6 mm burs. One cavity was left unfilled and the other two were filled with bovine-derived hydroxyapatite (BioOss) alone (control group) or with bovine-derived hydroxyapatite mixed with pamidronate disodium (Aredia) (case group), respectively. After 6 wk, the animals were killed and the coded samples observed using an optical microscope. The percentage of regenerated bone, number of osteoclasts and amount of inflammation was recorded. Statistical analysis was carried out using chi-square and Mann-Whitney U-tests. RESULTS: The results manifested a significant difference in the amount of bone formation, with the most being observed in the case group and the least in the negative-control group (p<0.001). Significantly fewer osteoclasts were observed in the case group than in the other groups (p<0.001). The amount of inflammation did not seem to differ within the case and control groups (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: Adding pamidronate disodium to bovine-derived hydroxyapatite improves its osteoconductive and regenerative specifications. Further study should determine the systemic effects of a single local administration of these drugs, and their appropriate dose and type, with minimal risk.
Assuntos
Conservadores da Densidade Óssea/farmacologia , Regeneração Óssea/efeitos dos fármacos , Substitutos Ósseos , Difosfonatos/farmacologia , Animais , Matriz Óssea/efeitos dos fármacos , Bovinos , Distribuição de Qui-Quadrado , Durapatita , Minerais , Pamidronato , Ovinos , Estatísticas não ParamétricasRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: This study evaluated the effect of pumice prophylaxis on the level of microleakage around and between the sealant and enamel. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 32 freshly extracted sound upper first premolars, assigned as suitable for sealant application, were chosen and divided randomly into two groups: (1) a test group, without prophylaxis; and (2) a control group, with prophylaxis. Sealant was applied to all teeth using the same conventional technique, with prophylaxis being omitted in the test group. The sealed teeth were thermocycled (120 x 30 s, 5 and 55 degrees C cycles) and then immersed in 2% Basic Fuchsin solution for 72 h. Each tooth was sectioned and examined for dye penetration under a stereomicroscope (x 60 magnification). RESULTS: No dye penetration was seen in 19 (29.6%) of the teeth in the test group and 36 (56.2%) of the teeth in the control group. Dye had penetrated to the base of the fissure in 31 (48.4%) of the teeth in the test group and 23 (35.9%) of the teeth in the control group. Using a chi-square test for trend, the frequency of microleakage was significantly higher in the test group compared to the controls (P < 0.016). CONCLUSION: Prophylaxis has a role in improving sealant retention. Removing this step may cause an increase in microleakage.
Assuntos
Infiltração Dentária/prevenção & controle , Profilaxia Dentária/métodos , Selantes de Fossas e Fissuras/uso terapêutico , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Cárie Dentária/prevenção & controle , Fissuras Dentárias/classificação , Infiltração Dentária/diagnóstico , Humanos , Silicatos/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
AIM: To compare mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) with calcium hydroxide when used as pulp-capping materials in human teeth. METHODOLOGY: Eleven pairs of maxillary third molars in subjects between 20 and 25 years of age were subjected to mechanical pulp exposure. The exposed pulps were capped with MTA or calcium hydroxide, covered with ZOE and restored with amalgam. A total of 14 teeth were extracted after periods of 1 week (two molars) 2 months (three molars), 3 months (five molars), 4 months (two molars) and 6 months (two molars). RESULTS: Histological evaluation demonstrated less inflammation, hyperaemia and necrosis plus thicker dentinal bridge and more frequent odontoblastic layer formation with MTA than calcium hydroxide. CONCLUSIONS: Although the results favour the use of MTA, more studies with larger samples and a longer follow up are suggested.
Assuntos
Capeamento da Polpa Dentária/métodos , Materiais Restauradores do Canal Radicular , Adulto , Compostos de Alumínio , Compostos de Cálcio , Hidróxido de Cálcio , Dentina Secundária/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Dentina Secundária/metabolismo , Combinação de Medicamentos , Humanos , Dente Molar , Óxidos , SilicatosRESUMO
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) has various manifestations with respect to the localization of the hypertrophy. In this study we report clinical, electrocardiographic (ECG), echocardiographic (echo), and hemodynamic findings in midventricular obstruction (MO), an uncommon form of hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) in 9 patients. The prevalence of systolic anterior motion of anterior mitral leaflet (SAM) in MO, an echocardiographic diagnostic hallmark in HOCM, was another purpose of this study. All patients had complete clinical, ECG, echo, and hemodynamic workup, including left ventricular (in 4 patients simultaneous biventricular, SBVA) and coronary angiograms. All patients had dyspnea and palpitations, chest pain, 2 had syncope. In the ECG, atrial fibrillation was present in 2, and left ventricular hypertrophy in 9 patients. Septal and left ventricular free wall thickening was significantly present in all patients in echo, and SAM in 1 patient. The intraventricular gradient (IVG) was 40-176 mmHg, in 1 case 40 mmHg by provocation, Brockenbrough was positive in all patients. Two patients had right ventricular IVG. A positive beta-blocking agent effect was present in 6 cases. The best localization of the obstruction was possible with SBVA and 2D-echo. We conclude that MO has all the signs of HOCM, but SAM in echocardiography is uncommon. SAM is occasionally present and is not a necessary factor to produce an intraventricular pressure gradient in HOCM, especially in MO. It seems that hypertrophic right ventricular obstruction is relatively common in MO (2 of 9 cases), and may have the same obstructive mechanism.
Assuntos
Cardiomiopatia Hipertrófica/fisiopatologia , Valva Mitral/fisiopatologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Angiografia , Cardiomiopatia Hipertrófica/diagnóstico , Cardiomiopatia Hipertrófica/diagnóstico por imagem , Criança , Ecocardiografia , Eletrocardiografia , Feminino , Ventrículos do Coração/diagnóstico por imagem , Ventrículos do Coração/fisiopatologia , Hemodinâmica , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
The binding of p3A4,3'-32P [pCp] to rabbit reticulocyte RNase L can be displaced by the trimer and tetramer triphosphates of 2',5'-oligoadenylates (2-5A). Using assay conditions of protein synthesis, 2-5A trimer or tetramer triphosphates are shown to be equally effective when the displacement is done at 4 degrees C (on ice). In contrast, at 30 degrees C, the tetramer triphosphates still displace whereas the trimer triphosphates become ineffective. When lysates are preincubated at temperature ranging from 4 degrees-37 degrees C, the same results are obtained even when the subsequent displacement is done on ice. Incubation temperature also significantly affects the ability of metabolically stable dyes cibacron blue and aurintricarboxylic acid to inhibit RNase L binding activity. Taken together, these results suggest that rabbit reticulocyte RNase L may assume multiple conformations which are differentially affected by various forms of 2-5A or other compounds.
Assuntos
Ácido Aurintricarboxílico/farmacologia , Ácidos Cicloexanocarboxílicos/farmacologia , Endorribonucleases/metabolismo , Reticulócitos/enzimologia , Triazinas/farmacologia , Animais , Técnicas In Vitro , Ligação Proteica , Conformação Proteica , Coelhos , Reticulócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , TemperaturaRESUMO
Rabbit reticulocyte lysates, gel filtered on Sephadex G-25 with or without ATP (or its analogs), were preincubated at 37 degrees C and their subsequent binding to p3A4,3'-[32P]pCp was studied. Lysates filtered without ATP or in the presence of 0.1 mM 8-bromo-ATP, 1,N6-etheno-ATP, or ITP showed a time-dependent decrease in binding activity. This decrease was completely prevented when lysates were filtered with 0.1 mM ATP, 2'-deoxy-ATP, beta-gamma-methylene-ATP, or ATP-gamma-S. The stability of binding provided by ATP or 2'-deoxy-ATP analogs corresponds to a more active 2-5A dependent endonucleolytic (RNAase L) activity based on studies using [3H] viral mRNA. Chromatography on heparin-agarose showed that ATP-supplemented gel-filtered reticulocyte lysates had a different p3A4,3'-[32P]pCp binding activity elution-profile than lysates gel-filtered in the absence of ATP. Covalent cross-linking of periodate-oxidized p3A4,3'-[32P]pC to gel-filtered lysates, preincubated at 0 degree C or 37 degrees C for 30 min, showed the following results: all lysates gave a major cross-linking of the radioactive ligand to an 80 000 dalton polypeptide, regardless of the temperature of preincubation, lysates gel-filtered without ATP, with 0.1 mM ITP, or beta-gamma-methylene-ATP, showed a significant reduction in the cross-linking of the 80 000 dalton protein, after preincubation at 37 degrees C for 30 min. This decrease was accompanied by an increase in the labeling of two smaller polypeptides.
Assuntos
Nucleotídeos de Adenina/metabolismo , Fracionamento Celular , Oligorribonucleotídeos/metabolismo , Reticulócitos/metabolismo , Trifosfato de Adenosina/metabolismo , Marcadores de Afinidade , Animais , Sítios de Ligação , Cromatografia em Gel , Dextranos , Eletroforese em Gel de Poliacrilamida , Endorribonucleases/metabolismo , Temperatura Alta , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo , Coelhos , Sefarose/análogos & derivadosRESUMO
The inhibition of protein synthesis by trimer or tetramer triphosphates of 2',5'-oligoadenylates (2-5A) in rabbit reticulocyte lysates is dependent on the concentration of K+ in the assay mixture. Based on studies using mRNA-dependent rabbit reticulocyte lysates and the degradation of [3H] polyadenylated mRNA, the greater inhibitory effects of trimer or tetramer triphosphates at the higher K+ is shown to be due to a more active 2-5A-dependent endoribonuclease (RNase L).
Assuntos
Nucleotídeos de Adenina/farmacologia , Oligonucleotídeos/farmacologia , Oligorribonucleotídeos/farmacologia , Potássio/farmacologia , Biossíntese de Proteínas , Reticulócitos/metabolismo , Animais , Linhagem Celular , Endorribonucleases/metabolismo , Humanos , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/genética , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/metabolismo , Poli A/metabolismo , Biossíntese de Proteínas/efeitos dos fármacos , RNA/metabolismo , RNA Mensageiro , Coelhos , Reticulócitos/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Lysates of rabbit reticulocytes and other mammalian cells are known to contain an activity which binds with high specificity ppp(A2'p)3A,3'-[32P]pCp. The binding activity shows a marked dependence on preincubation of lysates at different temperatures (4 degrees C - 45 degrees C). For example, binding was increased 50% by preincubation of rabbit reticulocyte lysates at 37 degrees C for 60 minutes. An identical preincubation of mouse brain extracts results in a greater than 90% loss of binding activity. Fractionation of rabbit reticulocyte lysates into the postribosomal supernatant (PRS) and the ribosomal salt wash (RSW), followed by heparin-agarose column chromatography, showed that with the PRS fraction, most of the binding activity is eluted with 600 mM KCl. With the RSW fraction, more than 50% of the binding activity is eluted with 250 mM KCl. These data suggest that multiple ppp(A2'p)nA binding protein activities exist in mammalian cells.
Assuntos
Nucleotídeos de Adenina/metabolismo , Endorribonucleases/metabolismo , Oligonucleotídeos/metabolismo , Oligorribonucleotídeos/metabolismo , Reticulócitos/metabolismo , Ribonucleases/metabolismo , Animais , Células Cultivadas , Feminino , Humanos , Rim/metabolismo , Cinética , Fígado/metabolismo , Pulmão/metabolismo , Camundongos , Miocárdio/metabolismo , Especificidade de Órgãos , Placenta/metabolismo , Gravidez , Especificidade da Espécie , TemperaturaRESUMO
Heparin, but not a number of other acid mucopolysaccharides, inhibits (2'-5')An synthetase partially purified from rabbit reticulocytes. The effect of heparin was apparent at 10 micrograms/ml (21%). Maximum inhibition was observed at 200 micrograms/ml (80%). At the latter concentration, the dsRNA-dependent (2'-5')An synthetase activity was inhibited 80% whereas the dsRNA-independent enzyme activity was inhibited only 30%. The formation of the dimer, trimer, tetramer and high oligomers of (2'-5')An was inhibited to the same extent with the addition of heparin. Heparin covalently bound to agarose beads was shown to be a useful affinity resin for the purification of (2'-5')An synthetase from rabbit reticulocyte lysates.
Assuntos
Heparina/farmacologia , Oligonucleotídeos/biossíntese , Polinucleotídeo Ligases/antagonistas & inibidores , RNA Ligase (ATP)/antagonistas & inibidores , Reticulócitos/enzimologia , Trifosfato de Adenosina/metabolismo , Animais , Eletroforese em Gel de Poliacrilamida/métodos , Técnicas In Vitro , RNA/metabolismo , Coelhos , Dodecilsulfato de SódioRESUMO
Coronary artery aneurysm was demonstrated in 7 patients, whose ages ranged from 38 to 66 years, by selective coronary angiography. Four patients had atypical chest pain probably not caused by cardiac ischemia, 1 patient had aortic stenosis and recurrent bouts of atrial fibrillation, and 2 were evaluated following myocardial infarction and found to have triple vessel atherosclerotic coronary disease. Mitral valve prolapse and varicosities of the coronary venous tree found in one individual suggest that mucoid degeneration which replaces the normal fibrous tissue resulting in weakness of vessel wall may be responsible for the formation of coronary artery aneurysm and varicosities of the coronary venous system. The unsuspected presentation and benign course of these patients are emphasized and the pertinent literature is reviewed.
Assuntos
Aneurisma/diagnóstico por imagem , Doença das Coronárias/diagnóstico por imagem , Adulto , Idoso , Aneurisma/complicações , Angiografia Coronária , Doença das Coronárias/diagnóstico , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prolapso da Valva Mitral/complicações , Infarto do Miocárdio/complicaçõesAssuntos
Cardiomiopatia Hipertrófica/fisiopatologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Angiocardiografia , Pressão Sanguínea , Cateterismo Cardíaco , Cardiomiopatia Hipertrófica/diagnóstico por imagem , Cardiomiopatia Hipertrófica/patologia , Criança , Cineangiografia , Feminino , Ventrículos do Coração/patologia , Ventrículos do Coração/fisiopatologia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
Many factors may affect the interventricular septal motion. This study measures the effect of pericardiectomy on septal motion in 9 patients who were evaluated 1 week to 58 months after pericardiectomy. Echocardiography was performed with the patient in recumbent position with the special care to record motion of the muscular septum and not that of the aorta. No patient had left bundle branch block, angina, myocardial infarction, pericardial effusion or right ventricular volume overload. Septal motion was paradoxical in 7, normal in 1 and could not be evaluated 1 patient. The mean value of the right ventricular internal dimension was normal. Two of 9 patients had technically satisfactory echocardiograms preoperatively. Septal motion was normal in both, and both developed paradoxical septal motion postoperatively. We conclude that paradoxical septal motion pericardiectomy, but in contrast with other causes of this finding right ventricular internal dimension remains normal.
Assuntos
Ecocardiografia , Pericárdio/cirurgia , Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Septos Cardíacos/fisiopatologia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pericardite/cirurgia , Período Pós-Operatório , Estudos RetrospectivosAssuntos
Infarto do Miocárdio , Adolescente , Adulto , Angiografia Coronária , Eletrocardiografia , Feminino , Seguimentos , Insuficiência Cardíaca/etiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Infarto do Miocárdio/complicações , Infarto do Miocárdio/diagnóstico , Infarto do Miocárdio/etiologia , PrognósticoRESUMO
This case will demonstrate abnormal (paradoxical) septal motion in a 31-year-old woman with an isolated pulmonary valvular stenosis. The right ventricular volume overload was exluded by the shunt series, special angiographic studies and at surgery. The echocardiographic abnormality persisted during a restudy three months after surgery.