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7.
An Pediatr (Barc) ; 66(6): 566-72, 2007 Jun.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17583617

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: To review patients with toxic shock syndrome (TSS) in a pediatric intensive care unit. METHODS: We performed a retrospective study of patients with TSS admitted to the intensive care unit in the previous 15 years. The patients included were those that met the clinical and microbiological criteria for TSS proposed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. RESULTS: There were nine patients (four boys). The mean age was 7 years. The most frequent findings were fever (100 %), hypotension (100 %), erythroderma (100 %), multisystem organ failure [coagulopathy (100 %), lethargy (89 %), hypertransaminasemia (89 %), increased creatine phosphokinase levels (78 %), renal failure (66 %)] and cutaneous desquamation (100 %). Laboratory studies showed changes in the leukocyte count and C-reactive protein value in all patients. The etiology was as follows: Staphylococcus was detected in six patients (S. epidermidis in three and S. aureus in three) and Streptococcus was detected in two patients (S. pyogenes in one and S. pneumoniae in one); no microorganisms were detected in only one patient. The origin of the infection was identified in seven patients (cutaneous in six patients and tonsillar in one). All patients received life support and antibiotic treatment. Six patients received corticosteroid treatment and one received intravenous immunoglobulins. Patients with TSS secondary to Streptococcus showed the greatest severity, exhibiting renal failure and requiring greater respiratory and circulatory support. All patients recovered well from the infection, without serious long-term sequelae. CONCLUSION. TSS should be included in the differential diagnosis of patients with fever, exanthema and shock, since early diagnosis has been shown to improve outcomes. S. pneumoniae should be included among the microorganisms that cause TSS. Treatment is based on life support measures and antibiotic therapy.


Assuntos
Choque Séptico , Adolescente , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Pediátrica , Masculino , Estudos Retrospectivos , Choque Séptico/diagnóstico , Choque Séptico/microbiologia , Choque Séptico/terapia
8.
An. pediatr. (2003, Ed. impr.) ; 66(6): 566-572, jun. 2007. ilus, tab
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-054027

RESUMO

Objetivos. Revisar los casos de síndrome de shock tóxico (SST) admitidos en una unidad de cuidados intensivos pediátricos. Métodos. Estudio retrospectivo de los casos de SST ingresados en los últimos 15 años. Se incluyeron aquellos casos que cumplían los criterios clínico-microbiológicos propuestos por el Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Resultados. Revisión de un total de 9 casos (4 varones). Edad media de 7 años. Hallazgos más frecuentes: fiebre (100 %), hipotensión (100 %), eritrodermia (100 %), fallo multiorgánico (coagulopatía 100 %, depresión del sensorio 89 %, hipertransaminemia 89 %, aumento de creatinfosfocinasa (CPK) 78 %, insuficiencia renal 66 %, etc.) y descamación cutánea (100 %). En la analítica sanguínea se detectaron alteraciones en la fórmula leucocitaria y la proteína C reactiva de forma constante. Etiología: en 6 casos se aislaron Staphylococcus (tres S. epidermidis, tres S. aureus); en 2 casos Streptococcus (uno S. pyogenes, uno S. pneumoniae), tan sólo en un caso no se detectó microorganismo. El origen de la infección se evidenció en 7 casos: seis de origen cutáneo y uno amigdalar. Todos los pacientes recibieron soporte vital y antibioterapia. Recibieron corticoterapia 6 casos y uno gammaglobulina. Los casos secundarios a Streptococcus presentaron mayor gravedad: insuficiencia renal, mayor soporte ventilatorio y vasoactivo. Todos los casos evolucionaron correctamente del cuadro infeccioso, sin existir secuelas de gravedad a largo plazo. Conclusión. Es necesario incluir el SST en el diagnóstico diferencial de aquellos casos que cursan con fiebre, exantema y shock, ya que un diagnóstico precoz ha demostrado mejorar el pronóstico. S. pneumoniae debe incluirse dentro de los microorganismos causantes de SST. El tratamiento se fundamenta en medidas de soporte y antibioterapia


Objectives. To review patients with toxic shock syndrome (TSS) in a pediatric intensive care unit. Methods. We performed a retrospective study of patients with TSS admitted to the intensive care unit in the previous 15 years. The patients included were those that met the clinical and microbiological criteria for TSS proposed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Results. There were nine patients (four boys). The mean age was 7 years. The most frequent findings were fever (100 %), hypotension (100 %), erythroderma (100 %), multisystem organ failure [coagulopathy (100 %), lethargy (89 %), hypertransaminasemia (89 %), increased creatine phosphokinase levels (78 %), renal failure (66 %)] and cutaneous desquamation (100 %). Laboratory studies showed changes in the leukocyte count and C-reactive protein value in all patients. The etiology was as follows: Staphylococcus was detected in six patients (S. epidermidis in three and S. aureus in three) and Streptococcus was detected in two patients (S. pyogenes in one and S. pneumoniae in one); no microorganisms were detected in only one patient. The origin of the infection was identified in seven patients (cutaneous in six patients and tonsillar in one). All patients received life support and antibiotic treatment. Six patients received corticosteroid treatment and one received intravenous immunoglobulins. Patients with TSS secondary to Streptococcus showed the greatest severity, exhibiting renal failure and requiring greater respiratory and circulatory support. All patients recovered well from the infection, without serious long-term sequelae. Conclusion. TSS should be included in the differential diagnosis of patients with fever, exanthema and shock, since early diagnosis has been shown to improve outcomes. S. pneumoniae should be included among the microorganisms that cause TSS. Treatment is based on life support measures and antibiotic therapy


Assuntos
Masculino , Feminino , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Humanos , Choque Séptico/diagnóstico , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Pediátrica , Respiração Artificial/efeitos adversos , Choque Séptico/tratamento farmacológico , Choque Séptico/etiologia , Staphylococcus , Staphylococcus/patogenicidade , Infecções Estafilocócicas/tratamento farmacológico , Streptococcus , Streptococcus/patogenicidade , Infecções Estreptocócicas/tratamento farmacológico , gama-Globulinas/uso terapêutico , Corticosteroides/farmacologia , Corticosteroides/uso terapêutico , Infecções Estafilocócicas/diagnóstico , Infecções Estreptocócicas/diagnóstico
9.
Rev. esp. pediatr. (Ed. impr.) ; 63(2): 139-144, mar.-abr. 2007. tab, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-61939

RESUMO

Introducción: Los avances en el campo de la oncología pediátrica han aumentado la supervivencia pero las complicaciones infecciosas son frecuentes y la necesidad de los Cuidados Intensivos (UCI-P) se incrementa. El objetivo del trabajo es valorar la rentabilidad de los cultivos practicados a pacientes oncológicos que precisaron ingreso en la UCI.P por una patología infecciosa. Material y Métodos. Estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo, de los pacientes oncológicos ingresados en una UCI-P por patología infecciosa en un hospital de tercer nivel. Resultados: Se incluyeron 22 pacientes que tuvieron 25 episodios de infección. Destacó la presentación en forma de insuficiencia respiratoria aguda en 14 pacientes (56%). Los síntomas infecciosos al diagnóstico previos al ingreso en la UCI-P fueron: sobreinfección respiratoria en 12 caos (48%); sospecha clínico-analítica de sepsis en 8 (16%). En un 43% de los pacientes ingresados en planta, se aisló algún germen en los cultivos realizados previos al ingreso en intensivos. Se aisló el microorganismo patógeno en 17 de los pacientes ingresados en UCI (68%), en un 82% de los casos gracias al hemocultivo. El diagnóstico final más frecuente en la UCI-P fue sepsis en 13, seguida de neumonía en 10 pacientes. Fueron exitus one pacientes (48%). Discusión: El elevado número de cultivos negativos probablemente se deba a que quedaran decapitados por la política antibiótica de amplio espectro. El conocimiento estricto de la epidemiología infecciosa de cada hospital y el estudio etiológico precoz y agresivo permitirían avanzar el tratamiento antibiótico correcto de forma empírica e incrementar la efectividad de la antibioterapia (AU)


Introduction: Recent advances in pediatric oncology have improved survival but infectious complications are frequent and the necessity of pediatric intensive care (PICU) is growing. The objective of this study is to determine the profitability of cultives in oncologic pediatric patients who required PICU admittance because of a infectious pathology. Materials and methods: Retrospective review of oncologic patients medical records, admitted to a reference pediatric intensive care unit (PICU), due to an infectious pathology. Results_ 22 patients who suffered 25 infectious processes were recruited. Acute respiratory insufficiency was the most frequent form of presentation (56%). Infectious symptoms before PICU admittance were: respiratory infection 12 cases (48%); clinical sepsis suspicion or biochemical markers compatible with sepsis in 8 patients (16%). 43% of the cultures recollected before PICU´s admittance were positive. Pathogenic microorganisms were isolated in 17 PICU´s patients (68%); in 82% of the cases, it was isolated in a blood sample. The final diagnoses were; sepsis in 13 cases, pneumonia in 10 cases. 11 patients died (48%). Discussion: The high number of negative cultures could be the result of the empiric broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy that is often used in this group of patients. The know-ledge of every hospital epidemiology and the precocious and aggressive etiologic search could improve the empiric antibiotic treatment and improve antibiotic effectiveness (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Meios de Cultura , Doenças Transmissíveis/complicações , Doenças Transmissíveis/epidemiologia , Infecções Respiratórias/complicações , Infecções Respiratórias/epidemiologia , Pneumonia/complicações , Cuidados Críticos/métodos , Cuidados Críticos/tendências , Estudos Retrospectivos , Sepse/complicações , Sepse/epidemiologia
12.
An. esp. pediatr. (Ed. impr) ; 57(3): 264-267, sept. 2002.
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-13075

RESUMO

La primera infancia y la pubertad son períodos críticos para la aparición de manifestaciones clínicas de hipovitaminosis D, ya que existen unas demandas de calcio aumentadas, secundarias a una mayor aposición ósea. En los países subdesarrollados el raquitismo continúa siendo una de las enfermedades más prevalentes en la infancia. Por el contrario, en la actualidad, en los países occidentales se trata de una enfermedad prácticamente erradicada y su incidencia depende del fenómeno migratorio. De hecho, existen numerosas publicaciones sobre raquitismo y osteomalacia nutricional descritos en lactantes, adolescentes y mujeres gestantes de India, Paquistán, Bangladesh que han inmigrado a países desarrollados de clima frío. Se presentan los casos de 3 adolescentes de origen paquistaní, que consultaron por dolor de extremidades, dificultad en la deambulación, genu valgo o crisis convulsiva. Todos ellos presentaban hipocalcemia, niveles de parathormona y fosfatasa alcalina elevado, con valores disminuidos de 25(OH)D. La administración de vitamina D y modificaciones en su dieta normalizaron los parámetros analíticos y produjeron mejoría de su sintomatología. Dado el incremento de la migración que se está produciendo en España en los últimos años, probablemente volverá a verse una enfermedad ya olvidada (AU)


Assuntos
Criança , Adolescente , Masculino , Feminino , Humanos , Puberdade , Raquitismo , Pneumonia por Mycoplasma , Emigração e Imigração , Etnicidade
13.
An Esp Pediatr ; 57(3): 264-7, 2002 Sep.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12199951

RESUMO

Rickets usually occurs in the first two years of life and in puberty since metabolic demand is increased due to rapid growth in these two critical periods of life, when peak bone mass is achieved. Rickets remains one of the most prevalent pediatric diseases in developing countries. Although it is considered to have disappeared in developed countries, there is increasing evidence of widespread vitamin D deficiency among immigrants. There are many reports on rickets and osteomalacia in Asian infants, adolescents and pregnant women moving from India, Pakistan and Bangladesh to developed countries with a cooler climate. We describe three teenagers of Pakistani origin. Clinical presentation included limb pains, muscular weakness, knock-knees and seizures. In all three patients, biochemical findings included hypocalcemia, raised serum parathormone and alkaline phosphatase, and reduced 25-hydroxy vitamin D concentrations. After vitamin D treatment and dietary counseling, biochemical findings returned to normal and their symptoms improved. Given the recent increase in the number of immigrants to Spain, this forgotten disease will probably reappear.


Assuntos
Emigração e Imigração/estatística & dados numéricos , Etnicidade/estatística & dados numéricos , Puberdade , Raquitismo/etnologia , Adolescente , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino
16.
An Esp Pediatr ; 56(6): 564-6, 2002 Jun.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12042154

RESUMO

We present the case of a newborn with bacterial endocarditis with mitral valve involvement as a complication of late-onset sepsis due to Staphylococcus aureus with associated pyelonephritis and meningitis. The diagnosis was confirmed by echocardiogram and blood culture with growth of S. aureus. Treatment was medical and surgical. Neonatal bacterial endocarditis is extremely difficult to diagnose. The signs and symptoms are usually nonspecific and cannot be distinguished from those of sepsis or congenital heart disease. Consequently, a high degree of suspicion is needed for the early diagnosis of this condition. Echocardiography should be performed in children who present sepsis and heart murmur and even in those with staphylococcemia (sepsis due to S. aureus) without associated heart murmur. This investigation enables an early diagnosis of endocarditis to be made and appropriate treatment to be given without having to wait for the development of signs and symptoms that frequently go undetected.


Assuntos
Endocardite Bacteriana/microbiologia , Sepse/microbiologia , Infecções Estafilocócicas/microbiologia , Staphylococcus aureus/isolamento & purificação , Adulto , Humanos , Masculino
17.
An. esp. pediatr. (Ed. impr) ; 56(6): 564-566, jun. 2002.
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-12975

RESUMO

Se presenta el caso de un recién nacido con una endocarditis de la válvula mitral en el contexto de una sepsis de inicio tardío por Staphylococcus aureus, con pielonefritis y meningitis por el mismo patógeno. La confirmación diagnóstica se realizó por ecocardiografía y hemocultivo positivo, y el tratamiento fue médico y quirúrgico. La presentación clínica de la endocarditis neonatal suele ser muy poco expresiva y los signos y los síntomas suelen ser inespecíficos e indistinguibles de los de una sepsis o una cardiopatía congénita, por lo que hay que tener un índice de sospecha elevado para diagnosticarla precozmente. Hay que destacar la importancia de la práctica de ecocardiograma en aquellos recién nacidos que presentan sepsis y soplo cardíaco, e incluso en los casos de sepsis por S. aureus sin soplo asociado. Con esta exploración es posible establecer el diagnóstico precoz de la endocarditis y proceder a un tratamiento adecuado sin esperar a la aparición de una sintomatología que a menudo pasará desapercibida (AU)


Assuntos
Adulto , Masculino , Humanos , Staphylococcus aureus , Infecções Estafilocócicas , Sepse , Endocardite Bacteriana
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