Shprintzen-goldberg craniosynostosis: craniofacial and oral characteristics, diagnosis, and clinical management of a very rare syndrome / Craniossinostose de shprintzen-goldberg: características craniofaciais e orais, diagnóstico e manejo clínico de uma síndrome muito rara

ABSTRACT Shprintzen-Goldberg craniosynostosis syndrome, characterized by craniosynostosis and marfanoid habitus, is a very rare entity described in 75 individuals worldwide. This study aimed to present a case report of a 6-year-old female Brazilian child with Shprintzen-Goldberg's craniosynostosis syndrome. We described the craniofacial and oral characteristics and its clinical management, comparing to the existing literature. The patient presented with intellectual disability, craniosynostosis, ocular proptosis, low-set anomalous ears, and other skeletal and connective tissue defects. Oral features included malocclusion, micrognathia, pseudo-cleft palate, dental caries, and inefficient biofilm control. The treatment started with guidance on cariogenic foods, oral hygiene, and an indication to discontinue bottle feeding. Subsequently, the carious lesions were restored with composite resins, and the patient was referred for orthopedic surgery, orthodontic treatment, speech therapy, and nutritional counseling. The patient was followed for 5 years. This case report emphasizes the importance of knowing the craniofacial and oral characteristics for the diagnosis and clinical management of a female child with a rare Shprintzen-Goldberg's craniosynostosis syndrome. The case also highlights the need for oral health care in individuals with intellectual disabilities.

RESUMO A síndrome Shprintzen-Goldberg é uma entidade muito rara descrita em 75 pessoas, caracterizada por craniossinostose e habitus marfanóide. O objetivo deste estudo é apresentar o relato de um caso clínico de uma criança brasileira de 6 anos com síndrome da craniossinostose de Shprintzen-Goldberg, apresentando as características craniofaciais e orais e seu manejo clínico, comparando com a literatura. O paciente apresentava deficiência intelectual, craniossinostose, proptose ocular, orelhas anômalas de implantação baixa e outros defeitos esqueléticos e do tecido conjuntivo. As características orais incluíram má oclusão, micrognatia, pseudo fenda palatina, atividade de cárie e controle ineficiente do biofilme. O tratamento foi iniciado com orientações sobre alimentos cariogênicos, higiene oral e indicação de suspensão do uso de mamadeira. Em seguida, as lesões cariosas foram restauradas com resina composta e o paciente encaminhado para cirurgia ortopédica, tratamento ortodôntico, fonoaudiologia e nutricionista. O paciente foi acompanhado periodicamente por 5 anos. Este relato de caso enfatiza a importância do conhecimento das características craniofaciais e orais para o diagnóstico e manejo clínico de uma criança do sexo feminino com síndrome de craniossinostose de Shprintzen-Goldberg rara, destacando a necessidade de cuidados com a saúde bucal em indivíduos com deficiência intelectual.

Prevalência de traumatismos dentários em pacientes com distúrbio neuropsicomotor: estudo controlado / Prevalence of tooth injuries in patients with neuropsychomotor disorder

Introdução: Lesões dentárias por trauma constituem experiências angustiantes em crianças, que promovem alterações tanto físicas quanto emocionais e psicológicas. Objetivo: Avaliar a prevalência de traumatismos dentários em pacientes com distúrbio neuropsicomotor e comparar a indivíduos normorreativos. Material e método: Avaliaram-se 120 indivíduos, sendo 60 com alterações neuropsicomotoras (grupo de estudo) e 60 normorreativos (grupo controle), de ambos os sexos, de 2 a 15 anos de idade, assistidos na Fundação de Apoio ao Deficiente do Governo do Estado da Paraíba. Os dados foram coletados por meio de questionário estruturado e exame clínico. Foi realizada análise descritiva e inferencial (teste t-student; teste Exato de Fisher), adotando-se um nível de significância de 5%. Resultado: A prevalência de traumatismos dentários observada em pacientes com distúrbio neuropsicomotor foi de 20,0%, enquanto que no grupo controle foi de 16,6% (p>0,05); no grupo controle a ocorrência foi maior no sexo masculino. Os grupos diferiram quanto ao tipo de atividade no momento do trauma (p<0,05) em relação à etiologia (p<0,05) e em relação ao local de ocorrência (p<0,05). Para ambos os grupos, os dentes mais afetados foram os incisivos centrais superiores. As fraturas de esmalte, seguidas pelas de esmalte e dentina sem exposição pulpar foram as lesões mais comuns nos dois grupos. Conclusão: A prevalência de traumatismos dentários em indivíduos com alteração neuropsicomotora é similar à de indivíduos normorreativos, com maior ocorrência no sexo feminino, em fase anterior à adolescência, durante atividades de rotina.

Introduction: Traumatic dental injuries are distressing experiences in children, which promote both physical, emotional and psychological changes. Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of dental trauma in patients with neuropsychomotor disorder and to compare to normoreactive individuals. Material and method: 120 individuals, 60 neuropsychomotor changes (study group) and 60 normorreatives (control group), of both sexes, from 2 to 15 years old, assisted in the Foundation of Support to the Disabled of the Government of the State of Paraíba. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire and clinical examination. Descriptive and inferential analysis (t-student test; Fisher's exact test) was performed, adopting a significance level of 5%. Result: The prevalence of dental trauma observed in patients with neuropsychomotor disorder was 20.0%, whereas in the control group it was 16.6% (p>0.05); in the control group the occurrence was higher in males. The groups differed according to the type of activity at the moment of the trauma (p<0.05) in relation to the etiology (p<0.05), and in relation to the place of occurrence (p<0.05). For both groups, the most affected teeth were the maxillary central incisors. Enamel fractures, followed by enamel and dentin fractures without pulp exposure were the most common lesions in both groups. Conclusion: The prevalence of dental trauma in individuals with neuropsychomotor alterations is similar to that of normorreative individuals, with a higher occurrence in females, in preteen phase, during routine activities.

Inflammatory markers in saliva as indicators of gingival inflammation in cerebral palsy children with and without cervical motor control.

AIM: To evaluate the relation among gingival inflammation, salivary osmolality, levels of IL-1ß, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, and s-IgA concentrations in children with spastic CP with or without cervical motor control in a cross-sectional study. DESIGN: Unstimulated whole saliva and the gingival index were collected in 37 and 34 CP children with and without cervical motor control, respectively. The data were dichotomized as follows: (=0) absence of gingival inflammation and (≥0.1) presence of gingival inflammation. RESULTS: The group without cervical control presented statistically higher mean values of salivary osmolality, s-IgA, and cytokines. In addition, statistically positive correlation between the gingival index and salivary cytokines was observed in the group with cervical control. Salivary osmolality, salivary cytokines, and s-IgA from both groups presented a significant positive correlation. Significant differences (P = 0.00336) in the values of salivary osmolality were observed between the CP individuals with (93.9 ± 32.7) and without gingival inflammation (74.4 ± 16.6). ROC analysis was performed, and values of salivary osmolality >80 indicated a sensitivity of 0.54 and a specificity of 0.79. CONCLUSIONS: Children without cervical motor control presented a more pronounced oral inflammatory status that was characterized by higher levels of cytokines.

Extrações atípicas em ortodontia / Atypical extractions in orthodontics

Desde os primórdios da ortodontia discute-se sobre a necessidade de extrações dentárias em algumas situações ortodônticas como apinhamento, discrepância cefalométrica acentuada, entre outras. O objetivo desta revisão de literatura foi relatar casos de extrações atípicas em ortodontia, suas indicações, vantagens, desvantagens e prognóstico deste tipo de tratamento. Feito u minúsculo diagnóstico, extrações atípicas podem ser indicadas em casos discrepância cefalométrica acentuada e/ou discrepância de modelo negativa (≥10 mm), em casos que a discrepância de Bolton é compatível com a discrepância de modelos, quando o objetivo é solucionar o apinhamento na região em que ele ocorre ou ainda quando há dentes já comprometidos proteticamente. Quando são realizadas em incisivos inferiores, em geral, causam menor influência sobre o perfil facial uma vez que não é feita retração anterior. Além disso um único incisivo pode ser extraído ao invés de dois prés molares uma vez que não é feita retração anterior. Além disso um único incisivo pode ser extraído ao invés de dois prés molares. Nesses casos a linha média dentária maxilar fica alinhada com a linha média facial e na direção do centro da coroa do incisivo inferior, não comprometendo a estética. A função também não é prejudicada desde que caninos e molares estejam em Classe I, exista guia anterior imediata e guias funcionais, protrusiva e lateralidades, balanceadas. O prognóstico de extrações atípicas é favorável, já que a literatura reporta casos de acompanhamento a longo prazo, 10 anos.(AU)

Gingivitis and salivary osmolality in children with cerebral palsy.

AIM: To investigate the influence of salivary osmolality on the occurrence of gingivitis in children with cerebral palsy (CP). DESIGN: A total of 82 children with spastic CP were included in this cross-sectional study. Oral motor performance and gingival conditions were evaluated. Unstimulated saliva was collected using cotton swabs, and salivary osmolality was measured using a freezing point depression osmometer. Spearman's coefficient, receiver operating characteristic (ROC), and multiple logistic regression analyses were performed. RESULTS: Strong correlation (r > 0.7) was determined among salivary osmolality, salivary flow rate, visible plaque, dental calculus, and the occurrence of gingivitis. The area under the ROC to predict the influence of salivary osmolality on the occurrence of gingivitis was 0.88 (95% CI 0.81-0.96; P < 0.001). The cutoff value of 84.5 for salivary osmolality presented good sensitivity and specificity, both higher than 77%. The proportion of children presenting salivary osmolality ≤84.5 mOsm/kgH2 O and gingivitis was 22.5%, whereas for the group presenting osmolality >84.5 mOsm/kgH2 O, the proportion of children with gingivitis was 77.5%. Salivary osmolality above 84.5 increased the likelihood of gingivitis fivefold, whereas each additional 0.1 mL of salivary flow reduced the likelihood of gingivitis by 97%. CONCLUSION: Gingivitis occurs more frequently in children with CP showing increased values of salivary osmolality.

Frenectomia labial pela técnica de reposicionamento cirúrgico proposta por Chelotti / Labial frenum by chirurgic replacement technic proposed by Chelotti

O freio labial superior, localizado entre os incisivos centrais superiores, é uma estrutura anatômica fina e triangular com base voltada para apical e estendendo-se do tubérculo do lábio superior até o processo alveolar. Quando, ao se tracionar o lábio para frente, para baixo e lateralmente com o objetivo de manter o freio tenso, ocorre uma isquemia tecidual, a intervenção cirúrgica está indicada, obedecendo a princípios da necessidade e oportunidade cirúrgica, principalmente no paciente infantil. A proposta deste trabalho foi apresentar um caso clínico de paciente com oito anos de idade, gênero masculino, que apresentou ao exame clínico freio tetolabial persistente que, ao ser tracionado, produzia isquemia na papila palatina, além da presença de diastema interincisal. O tratamento proposto foi o reposicionamento cirúrgico do freio. Concluiu-se que a técnica proposta contribuiu para o fechamento espontâneo do diastema e preservou as características anatômicas, funcionais e estéticas do freio labial superior.(AU)

The upper labial frenum, between maxillary central incisors, is a thin and triangular anatomical structure which base is faced to the apex extending from the upper labial tubercle until the alveolar process. When the upper lip is pulled to keep its tense, and blanches through to the palatal papilla, this seems to be an indication for its removal, regarding the principles of surgery needs and opportunity, mainly in young patient. Patient with eight years old, male, had abnormal frenum that when was pulled, blanched through to the palatal papilla, besides the midline diastema. In the RX no alteration was observed and we confirmed that midline diastema theory it was a result of abnormal frenum. The proposed treatment was a frenum replacement surgery. This technic had cooperated to the diastema naturally closure and had preserved the anatomical, functional and aesthetics characteristics of the upper labial frenum.(AU)

Does the classification of cerebral palsy influence caries experience in children and adolescents?

To evaluate the influence of the classification of cerebral palsy CP on the caries experience in children and adolescents, and determine the types of teeth most affected by dental caries. METHODS: A total of 181 individuals with CP, aged 8.30±4.10 years were examined for dental caries diagnosis in primary, mixed and permanent dentitions. The sample consisted of 96 quadriplegic individuals, 56 diplegic, 18 hemiplegic and 11 with choreoathetosis. The groups were compared using Kruskal-Wallis and Chi-square tests. Univariate logistic regression models were used to identify whether age was a predictor of caries risk α=5%. RESULTS: The sample was homogeneous as regards sex and age, among patients with quadriplegia, diplegia, hemiplegia and choreoathetosis. Out of the total sample, 51.4% of the individuals were caries free. The overall mean for the dmft and DMFT indices were 1.70±3.30 and 0.70±1.60, respectively. The mean caries experience in primary, mixed and permanent dentitions did not vary significantly according to the CP classification p>0.05. Child´s age was a predictor for dental caries experience p<0.05. CONCLUSIONS: The CP classification did not influence on caries experience, and the teeth most affected by dental caries were the primary and first permanent molars...

Avaliação da microdureza do esmalte de dentes decíduos de crianças com paralisia cerebral / Enamel microhardness of primary teeth of cerebral palsy children

Introdução: Em indivíduos com paralisia cerebral, ocorre redução do fluxo salivar, o que pode predispor à hipomineralização do esmalte e à cárie dentária. Objetivo: Comparar a microdureza do esmalte de dentes decíduos anteriores e posteriores de crianças com paralisia cerebral (PC) e crianças normorreativas (NR). Material e Método: Foram utilizados 58 dentes decíduos esfoliados/extraídos, que foram distribuídos em quatro grupos: (A) anteriores de PC (n=14); (B) anteriores de NR (n=16); (C) posteriores de PC (n=14), e (D) posteriores de NR (n=14). Os dentes foram seccionados, incluídos em resina acrílica, lixados e polidos. A análise da microdureza longitudinal foi realizada em microdurômetro com endentador do tipo Knoop, com carga estática de 25 g/f e tempo de 5 segundos. Foram realizadas três fileiras de 12 endentações, distanciadas entre si em 100 mm, com profundidade entre 10 e 180 mm. Foram obtidas as médias de cada profundidade para cada dente e, posteriormente, as médias de cada profundidade para cada grupo avaliado. O teste estatístico empregado foi o de Mann-Whitney (α=5%)). Resultado: As médias de microdureza foram 253,5 ± 55,3 (A), 247,6 ± 45,7 (B), 284,4 ± 68,7 (C) e 252,2 ± 53,8 (D). Não houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre os grupos A e B e os grupos C e D, para cada profundidade e para a média global (p>0,05). Conclusão: Pôde-se concluir que a microdureza de esmalte de dentes decíduos anteriores e posteriores de crianças com PC foi semelhante à microdureza de esmalte de dentes decíduos de crianças normorreativas. .

Introduction: Cerebral palsy subjects present reduced salivary flow, which may predispose to enamel hypomineralization and dental caries. Aim: To compare the enamel microhardness of anterior and posterior primary teeth of normorreactive children (NR) and children with cerebral palsy (CP). Material and Method: The sample was consisted of 58 exfoliated/extracted primary teeth distributed into 4 groups: (A) anterior teeth of CP (n= 14), (B) anterior teeth of NR (n=16),(C) posterior teeth of CP (n=14) and (D) posterior teeth of NR (n=14). The teeth were hemisectioned, embedded in acrylic resin, grounded and polished. The longitudinal microhardness analysis was carried out in a microdurometer with a Knoop indenter with a 25-gram load for 5 seconds. Three rows of 12 indentations were made from the outer surface from 10 to 180 mm. The rows were spaced 100 mm from each other. The values of the three measurements at each distance were averaged for each tooth and, afterwards, for each group. The non-parametric statistical test used was the Mann-Whitney U (α=5%). Result: The microhardness means data were 253.5 ± 55.3 (A), 247.6 ± 45.7 (B), 284.4 ± 68.7 (C) and 252.2 ± 53.8 (D).There was no significant difference between the groups A and B, as well as groups C and D for each distance and global average (p>0.05). Conclusion: It can be concluded that the enamel microhardness of anterior and posterior primary teeth of cerebral palsy children was similar to the normorreactive children. .

Parâmetros salivares e experiência de cárie dentária em indivíduos com paralisia cerebral / Salivary parameters and dental caries experience in individuals with cerebral palsy

Alterações no fluxo e na composição da saliva têm sido descritas em indivíduos com paralisia cerebral (PC), e estas podem ser consideradas de risco para o desenvolvimento de doenças bucais. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a influência das alterações de osmolaridade e fluxo salivar na experiência da cárie dentária em indivíduos com PC. A amostra era composta por 63 crianças com PC (GE) e 50 crianças normorreativas (GC), de ambos os sexos, na faixa etária de 5 a 16 anos de idade. Para o GE foram coletados dos prontuários médicos … desordem do movimento, o tipo clínico da PC, uso de medicações e nível do Gross Motor Funnction Classification System (GMFCS). Ambos os grupos foram avaliados quanto … experiência de cárie, sendo registrado o número total de dentes cariados, perdidos e obturados para a dentição dec¡dua e permanente (ceo-d e CPO-D). A saliva de repouso foi coletada para a determinação do fluxo e da osmolaridade salivar com o emprego do Salivette© (Sarstedt, Nmbrecht, Alemanha). Os grupos GE e GC diferiram significantemente para as variáveis CPOD (p<0,001), osmolaridade (p<0,001) e fluxo salivar (p<0,001), apresentando o GE maiores valores de CPOD e osmolaridade e menores de fluxo salivar quando comparado a GC. A severidade do dano neurológico representado pelo padrão clínico tetraparesia, a falta de controle cervical e o uso de anticonvulsivante são fatores que influenciam negativamente nos parâmetros salivares e experiência de cárie e indivíduos com PC

Changes in the flow and composition of saliva have been described in patients with cerebral palsy (CP), what can be considered as a risk factor that may result on the development of oral diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of changes in osmolarity and salivary flow in dental caries experience in individuals with CP. The sample consisted of 63 children with CP (GE) and 50 normoreactive children (GC) of both sexes, aged 5-16 years old. For GE group information regarding movement disorder, the clinical type of PC, use of medications, and level of Function Gross Motor Classification System (GMFCS) were obtained through medical records. Both groups were assessed for caries experience, and were recorded the total number of decayed and lost teeth for deciduous and permanent dentition (dmft and DMFT). To determine the salivary flow and osmolality the resting saliva was collected using Salivette© (Sarstedt, Nmbrecht, Germany). The EG and CG have differed significantly for variables DMFT (p <0.001), osmolality (p <0.001), and salivary flow rate (p <0.001). GE has presented higher values of DMFT and osmolarity and inferior salivary flow when compared to GC. The severity of neurological injury represented by standard clinical tetraplegia, lack of neck control, and anticonvulsants are factors that influence negatively salivary parameters and caries in individuals with CP

Assessing salivary osmolality as a caries risk indicator in cerebral palsy children.

BACKGROUND: Salivary osmolality reflects the hydration status of individuals with cerebral palsy (CP) necessary for an adequate unstimulated salivary flow rate. AIM: To investigate whether salivary osmolality could serve as a potential indicator of caries risk in children with spastic CP by displaying a stronger association with caries occurrence than salivary flow rate. DESIGN: The convenience sample consisted of 65 children with CP aged 6-13 years old. Unstimulated whole saliva was collected using cotton roll, and salivary osmolality was measured using a freezing point depression osmometer. The children's oral motor performance was evaluated during the feeding process using the Oral Motor Assessment Scale. Caries occurrence was also evaluated according the World Health Organization criteria. RESULTS: Motor skills were significantly associated with caries experience. Regarding the salivary parameters, osmolality presented a stronger association with caries experience than did the salivary flow rate. Children with worse oral motor performance presented a higher rate of caries occurrence. CONCLUSION: Osmolality exhibited a stronger association with caries occurrence than did salivary flow rate. This parameter, therefore, could be a potential caries risk indicator for spastic cerebral palsy children.

Experiência de cárie e osmolaridade salivar em crianças com paralisia cerebral / Caries experience and salivary osmolality in cerebral palsy children

Introdução: Estudos têm demonstrado que quanto maior a severidade do dano neurológico em crianças com paralisia cerebral (PC), maior é o risco de doenças orais. Objetivo: Correlacionar a experiência de cárie com a osmolaridade salivar em crianças com PC. Material e Método: Participaram do estudo 99 crianças (9,2±2,3 anos) com PC, em tratamento reabilitacional. A saliva de repouso foi coletada no período matutino, utilizando rolos absorventes (Salivette®) por cinco minutos. A osmolaridade salivar foi medida por depressão do ponto de congelamento em osmômetro. As avaliações incluíram a experiência de cárie pelo índice de dentes cariados, perdidos e obturados (CPOD), e o motor oral durante o processo de alimentação da criança. Foram utilizados os testes Qui-quadrado, t de Student, Correlação de Spearman e razão de chances (OR), com nível de significância de 5%. Resultado: O grupo 1 (G1) foi composto por 41 crianças livres de cárie e o grupo 2 (G2), por 58 crianças com cárie (CPOD=3,5±2,7). Os grupos foram homogêneos para gênero (p=0,884) e idade (p=0,174). Entretanto, diferiram significantemente com relação à motricidade oral, apresentando G2 maiores porcentagens de crianças com motor oral subfuncional (p<0,001) e tetraparéticos (p=0,001). O G2 apresentou valores significantemente maiores (p<0,001) para osmolaridade (99,6±36,7mOsml) quando comparado ao G1 (76,7±15,9mOsml). Observou-se uma correlação significante entre osmolaridade e experiência de cárie (p<0,001). Apresentar osmolaridade superior a 76,7 (OR=5,18; 1,85 a 14,83) foi determinante individual de maior probabilidade de apresentar risco de cárie (CPOD>0). Conclusão: Maiores valores de osmolaridade salivar aumentam o risco de cárie em crianças com PC.

Introduction: Studies have shown that the greater the severity of neurological damage in children with cerebral palsy (CP), the greater risk of oral diseases. Objective: To correlate the caries experience with salivary osmolality in children with CP. Material and Method: 99 CP children (9.2±2.3 years) in rehabilitation treatment participated of this study. Unstimulated whole saliva was collected in the morning using cotton roll (Salivette®) for 5 minutes. The salivar osmolality was measured using a freezing point depression osmometer. Caries experience index for decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT) and oral motor were assessed during the feeding process. It was used the chi-square test, t Student test, Spearman correlation and odds ratio (OR) with a significance level of 5%. Result: Group 1 (G1) consisted of 41 caries-free children, and group 2 (G2) of 58 children with caries (DMFT=3.5±2.7). The groups were homogeneous for gender (p=0.884) and age (p=0.174). However, they differed significantly with respect to the oral motor, with G2 showing higher percentages of children with sub-functional (p<0.001) and tetraparetic (p=0.001) oral motor. Group 2 showed significantly higher values (p<0.001) for salivar osmolarity (99.6±36.7 mOsml) compared to G1 (76.7±15.9 mOsml). There was a significant correlation between osmolality and caries experience (p<0.001). Presenting osmolality greater than 76.7 (OR=5.18, 1.85 to 14.83) was a individual determinant of higher probability for caries risk (DMFT>0). Conclusion: Higher values of salivary osmolality increase the risk of caries in CP children.

Perfil dos pacientes com necessidades especiais atendidos em uma instituição de ensino superior privada / Profile of special needs patients assisted at a private higher education institution

Objetivo: Traçar o perfil dos pacientes com necessidades especiais que receberam tratamento odontológico em uma Instituição de Ensino Superior Privada. Método: Foi realizado estudo descritivo e retrospectivo com a análise dos 628 prontuários de Pacientes com Necessidades Especiais atendidos de no período de 2001 a 2008 na disciplina de Odontologia para Pacientes Especiais da UNICSUL, São Paulo/SP. Foram registrados os dados relativos ao sexo, idade, diagnóstico médico da condição incapacitante, motivo da consulta, uso contínuo de drogas psicotrópicas, tomadas radiográficas e tratamentos odontológicos realizados e o tempo de permanência em tratamento na disciplina. Os dados foram analisados por meio da estatística descritiva e inferencial (Teste do Qui-quadrado), com nível de significância de 5%. Todas as análises foram feitas com o programa SPSS, versão 15.0. Resultados: Observou-se diferença significante entre os sexos e as condições deficiência física (p=0,020) e transtornos convulsivos (p=0,001), com maiores porcentagens para o sexo feminino; e para as condições cardiopatias (p=0,001), hipertensão arterial sistêmica (p=0,023), e diabete melito (p=0,001) maiores porcentagens para o sexo masculino. Com relação à idade observou-se que o grupo dos indivíduos com deficiência física recebeu tratamento em todas as faixas etárias e os indivíduos com doenças sistêmicas crônicas apresentam idade superior a 40 anos. A busca por tratamento odontológico foi o motivo responsável pela maior procura por atendimento. Dos indivíduos com transtornos psiquiátricos 88,6% e dos indivíduos com transtornos convulsivos 87,5% faziam uso de drogas psicotrópicas. Os tratamentos restauradores corresponderam em 54,1%, os periodontais 42,2%, os cirúrgicos 33,1% e os endodônticos com 16,6%. O tempo médio de tratamento foi inferior a três meses em 46,5% da amostra. Receberam alta do tratamento odontológico 46,7% dos indivíduos. Conclusão: As mulheres com deficiência física de todas as idades e os homens com doenças sistêmicas crônicas e idade superior a 40 anos foram os que mais buscaram e receberam tratamento odontológico restaurador.

Objective: To characterize the profile of patients with special needs who received dental treatment in a Private Higher Education Institution. Methods: In this descriptive and retrospective study, 628 medical files from individuals with special needs who received dental treatment from the Discipline of Dentistry for Special Patients at UNICSUL, São Paulo, SP between 2001 and 2008 were reviewed. Data collection were related to sex, age, medical disabling condition, reason for consultation, continuous use of psychotropic drugs, dental care performed, radiographs taken and time spent in treatment. Data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics (Chi-square test) using SPSS program (15.0 version) with significance level set at 5%. Results: It was observed a significant difference between the sexes for physical disability (p=0.020) and seizure disorders (p = 0.001), with higher percentages for females, and for heart problems (p = 0.001), hypertension (p = 0.023), and diabetes mellitus (p = 0.001) with higher percentages for males. The individuals with physical disabilities received treatment in all age groups, and individuals with chronic systemic diseases over the age of 40. The need of dental care was the reason for searching dental care. Most individuals with psychiatric disorders (88.6%) and seizure disorders (87.5%) were under therapy with psychotropic drugs. Restorative, periodontal, surgical and endodontic treatment accounted to 54.1%, 42.2%, 33.1% and to 16.6% of the procedures, respectively. The mean treatment time was less than three months in 46.5% of the sample. As much as 46.7% of the individuals completed from dental treatment. Conclusion: Women with physical disabilities of all ages and men with chronic systemic diseases aged over 40 years were those that most sought and received dental treatments.

Toriello Carey syndrome: genetic, clinical, and oral considerations: a case report.

Toriello Carey syndrome is a rare recessive autosomal disease whose clinical manifestations are more evident in males. Some authors report that the general characteristics of this disease are agenesis of the corpus callosum, mental disability, convulsions, atrial septal defect, pulmonary artery stenosis, pyloric stenosis, and hypospadias. Facial and cranial alterations may occur, including hypertelorism, telecanthus, divergent strabismus, malformed ears, anteverted nares, retrognathism, and cleft palate. This paper reports on a 13-year-old male with Toriello Carey syndrome and leucoderma, and describes his oral problems and his dental care.

Prevalence of dental trauma in individuals with special needs.

BACKGROUND: Individuals with special needs exist throughout the world. The last demographic census (IBGE, 2002) in Brazil indicated that 14.5% of the total population (24.5 million) present some type of impairment. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of dental trauma (DT) in individuals with special needs and the first attendance by a dental surgeon of patients admitted to the special care clinic of the School of Dentistry of Universidade Paulista (UNIP), Brazil, between 2001 and 2005. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The sample included 544 individuals with special needs aged 1-20 years old (mean 10.7 ± SD 5.3). Patient medical records were reviewed for demographic and clinical data, including medical diagnosis, gender, age, presence of DT and whether the attendance provided was the first time the patient had sought dental treatment. RESULTS: The individuals were distributed into 11 subgroups according to medical diagnosis. The DT prevalence determined was 9.2% (n = 50), with no difference in relation to gender. The majority (78.3%) of the individuals were seeking dental treatment for the first time at an advanced age. CONCLUSIONS: The present data suggest that DT prevalence in individuals presenting special needs is more common in permanent dentition and that the first attendance by a dental surgeon is delayed.

The association of low and high laser treatments on self-inflicted lip injury: a case report.

OBJECTIVE: Report a clinical case of surgical lip lesion removal owing to self-injury in a 9-year-old male quadriplegic, spastic cerebral palsy (CP) patient using low and high lasers in association. BACKGROUND: Various management methods for oral trauma have been suggested, depending on the severity, frequency, and cause of injury, including medication, behavioral techniques, and oral appliances or dental extractions. METHODS: Initially, low-level laser therapy (LLLT) was used on the injured labial tissue measuring 2.2 cm externally and 3.4 cm in the internal mucosal, followed by surgical removal using a CO(2) laser. After 30 days, a significant reduction in injury to the oral tissues was observed, and the region presented normal color and good healing conditions. CONCLUSION: The association of different laser therapies to remove and heal a lip lesion owing to self-injurious behavior was effective and promoted improvement in the patient's quality of life by establishing painless mastication.

Síndrome de Carpenter com inteligência normal: apresentação de caso clínico e conduta odontológica / Carpenter's syndrome: clinical case with normal intelligence and odontological conduct

O presente trabalho apresenta os aspectos clínico e odontológico de um caso da Síndrome de Carpenter ou acrocefalopolisindactilia tipo II, de um menino brasileiro de 4 anos e 2 meses de idade, com desenvolvimento de inteligência normal. Observou-se ausência de alguns dentes permanentes, bruxismo, palato profundo e ogival e mordida cruzada unilateral.

Development of a novel orofacial motor function assessment scale for children with cerebral palsy.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to develop the orofacial motor function assessment scale (OFMFAS) and appraise its performance in terms of validity and reliability in a cohort of 116 cerebral palsy patients. METHODS: The scale was developed according to a process derived from the theory of measurement and scale development previously described in the dental literature. The final version of the OFMFAS comprises 13 items that have 30 subitems. Results were statistically analyzed by Bland-Altman for: (1) intrarater consistency; (2) kappa coefficient for inter-rater agreement; and (3) Cronbach alpha for internal consistency reliability. RESULTS: The majority of OFMFAS items showed a very good agreement between the raters (K>0.75). Cronbach alpha for the 13-item scale was 0.93, indicating excellent internal consistency reliability. CONCLUSION: This study shows that the oralfacial motor function assessment scale is the first statistically-based scale for the quantitative assessment of oral-motor skills in cerebral palsy children. It is an easy-to-use, accurate, and valid method of assessment.

Homeopatia na odontologia para pacientes especiais: momento atual / Homeopathy in dental treatment for handicapped patients: actual moment

Foi pesquisado o quanto a Homeopatia é utilizada pelos pacientes atendidos no Núcleo Integrado de Atendimento Preventivo Especial (NIAPE) do Departamento de Odontologia do Instituto de Ciências da Saúde da Universidade Paulista (UNIP). Dos 110 pacientes pesquisados, o percentual de utilização da Homeopatia foi de 5,44 por cento. Apesar deste percentual ser considerado pequeno, os resultados obtidos com o tratamento homeopático foram avaliados pelos pacientes de forma satisfatória, justificando assim o uso da Homeopatia como um método terapêutico complementar que pode ser utilizado como uma terapia auxiliar no tratamento odontológico de pacientes especiais