Uso de la balneoterapia y el ejercicio terapéutico en la mejora física y psicosocial en adolescentes con lupus y artritis juvenil: un estudio de método mixto / Use of balneotherapy and therapeutic exercise in physical and psychosocial improvement in adolescents with lupus and juvenile arthritis: A mixed method study

Antecedentes y objetivo: Evaluar los cambios a nivel físico y psicosocial de una intervención combinada de balneoterapia y ejercicio terapéutico en grupo aplicado en jóvenes con lupus eritematoso sistémico y artritis idiopática juvenil. Materiales y métodos: Estudio longitudinal prospectivo pre y postintervención y cualitativo fenomenológico descriptivo. La intervención consistió en un programa combinado de balneoterapia, ejercicio terapéutico en grupo y terapia manual e instrumental. Se evaluaron el dolor percibido (Escala Visual Analógica), el estado funcional (Health Assessment Questionnaire) y la fatiga (Escala de Evaluación Funcional de Terapia de Enfermedades Crónicas-Fatiga). Las entrevistas se analizaron mediante análisis temático. Resultados: Quince adolescentes de 14,1±2,1 años participaron en el estudio. Se observó una mejoría significativa respecto al dolor máximo (p=0,006; TE=1,1), dolor medio (p=0,029; TE=0,5) y estado funcional (p=0,013; TE=0,7). Sin embargo, a pesar de que la fatiga disminuyó, no se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p=0,415; TE=0,3). Los temas principales surgidos tras las entrevistas fueron «una experiencia de aprendizaje» y «desventajas», que describen la vivencia de la intervención. Discusión y conclusiones: Parece que la combinación de balneoterapia y el ejercicio terapéutico en grupo es útil para reducir el dolor y mejorar la función física. Ensayos clínicos en diferentes poblaciones reportan resultados similares, hallando una disminución del dolor. Se concluye que la realización de un programa de fisioterapia combinado de balneoterapia y ejercicio terapéutico en grupo produce beneficios con relación al dolor y al estado funcional, favoreciendo además la ampliación de conocimientos y el automanejo de la enfermedad.

Background and objective: To evaluate the physical and psychosocial changes of a combined intervention of balneotherapy and therapeutic exercise applied in young people with systemic lupus erythematosus and juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Materials and methods: Pre- and post-intervention prospective longitudinal and descriptive phenomenological qualitative studies were conducted. The intervention consisted of a combined program of balneotherapy, therapeutic group exercise and physiotherapy techniques. Perceived pain (Visual Analogue Scale), functional status (Health Assessment Questionnaire), and fatigue (Chronic Disease Therapy-Fatigue Functional Assessment Scale) were assessed. The interviews were analysed using thematic analysis. Results: 15 adolescents aged 14.1±2.1 years participated in the study. A significant improvement was observed with respect to maximum pain (P=.006; ES=1.1), mean pain (P=.029; ES=0.5) and functional status (P=.013; ES=0.7). However, despite the decrease in fatigue, no statistically significant differences were found (P=.415; ES=0.3). The main themes that emerged after the interviews were “a learning experience” and “disadvantages of the intervention”. Discussion and conclusions: It seems that the combination of balneotherapy and therapeutic group exercise is effective in reducing pain and improving physical function. Randomized clinical trials performed in different populations report similar results, finding a decrease in pain. It is concluded that carrying out a physiotherapy program combined balneotherapy and therapeutic group exercise produces benefits in relation to pain and functional status, also favoring the expansion of knowledge and self-management of the disease.

Influence of organised sports practice during adolescence on health of adult women with special emphasis on participation in aesthetic sports.

This study aimed to assess the differences in psychosocial health and cardiometabolic risk during adulthood in women based on previously organised sport (OS) participation during adolescence and current activity levels, with emphasis on participation in aesthetic sports. The study included 1947 women aged 18-55 years who were categorised into four groups: 355 aesthetic athletes during adolescence, 494 non- aesthetic athletes during adolescence, 791 non-athletes during adolescence with similar current levels of physical activity (PA) to OS groups and 307 currently inactive non-athletes during adolescence. Participants answered questionnaires regarding sport participation, psychosocial health and cardiometabolic risk. The results show that non-athletes during adolescence who are currently inactive reported significantly lower psychosocial health and higher cardiometabolic risk scores. Women with currently homogenous PA levels (χ² = 0.514) reported similar physical quality of life (QoL), exercise addiction, anxiety and depression symptoms regardless of participation in OS during adolescence (P > .05), except aesthetic athletes who reported the worst sleep and mental QoL. Very high training volumes in aesthetic athletes did not influence psychological outcomes and cardiometabolic risk in adulthood compared to lower training volumes. In conclusion, the effects of PA during adulthood appear to be powerful enough to induce beneficial adaptations in health outcomes that match those observed in women who participate in OS during adolescence, except for aesthetic sports participants, who show a high risk of lower quality of sleep in adulthood. PA should be promoted in adults and especially women who have not participated in OS during adolescence.