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1.
Respirar (Ciudad Autón. B. Aires) ; 15(2): 81-87, jun2023.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1437510

RESUMO

Introducción: la evidencia de vida real muestra deficiencias en alcanzar los objetivos de control del asma, con elevado consumo de agonistas beta-2 de acción corta (SA-BA) y sobreuso de corticoides sistémicos (CS). Métodos: estudio observacional, des-criptivo, aplicando la herramienta ReferID con 4 preguntas para identificar pacientes con asma no controlada y/o en riesgo de crisis severas: en los últimos 12 meses [1] ¿Re-cibió ≥2 ciclos de CS y/o los usó como mantenimiento?; [2] ¿Tuvo ≥2 visitas a emergen-cias por asma?; [3] ¿Estuvo intubado o en Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI) por as-ma?; [4] ¿Cuántos inhaladores de SABA ha utilizado? Una respuesta afirmativa a las preguntas 1, 2 o 3, o usar ≥3 envases de SABA, sugieren riesgo de ataque grave, nece-sidad de CS y/o riesgo vital. En estos pacientes se recomienda evaluación por especia-listas. Resultados: participaron 441 pacientes de 7 instituciones del Área Metropolita-na de Buenos Aires. Al 60,1% (intervalo de confianza del 95% [IC95]:55,5%-64,7%) se le recomendó evaluación por especialista. El 33,8% (IC95:29,39%-38,21%) recibió ≥2 ciclos de CS y/o los usaba como mantenimiento. El 36,1% (IC95:31,62%-40,58%) asis-tió ≥2 veces a emergencias. El 41,5% (IC95:30,06%-38,94%) usó ≥3 envases de SABA. El 8,8% (IC95:6,16%-11,44%) tenía historia de intubación o UCI. El 37,2% se atendió en instituciones públicas, con indicadores de gravedad significativamente mayores que en las privadas. Conclusiones: ReferID es una herramienta simple que ayuda a identificar a pacientes en riesgo de crisis severa y/o que pudieran tener diagnóstico de asma gra-ve; y que se beneficiarían de una evaluación por un especialista. AU


Introduction: real-life evidence shows deficiencies in achieving asthma control goals, with high use of short-acting beta-2 agonists (SABA) and overuse of systemic cortico-steroids (SC). Methods: observational, descriptive study, applying the ReferID tool with 4 questions to identify patients with uncontrolled asthma and/or at risk of severe crisis: in the last 12 months [1] Have you received ≥2 cycles of CS and/or used them as main-tenance therapy?; [2] Have you had ≥2 emergency visits for asthma?; [3] Have you ever been intubated or admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) for asthma?; [4] How many SABA inhalers have you used? An affirmative answer to questions 1, 2 or 3, or using ≥3 canisters of SABA, suggests risk of severe attack, need for CS and/or life-threatening risk. In these patients, evaluation by specialists is recommended. Results: 441 patients from 7 institutions in the Metropolitan Area of Buenos Aires were enrolled. An evalu-ation by specialists was recommended for 60.1% (95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 55.5%-64.7%); 33.8% (95%CI:29.39%-38.21%) received ≥2 cycles of CS and/or used them as maintenance; 36.1% (95%CI:31.62%-40.58%) attended ≥2 times to the emer-gency department; 41.5% (95%CI:30.06%-38.94%) used ≥3 containers of SABA; 8.8% (95%CI:6.16%-11.44%) had a history of intubation or ICU admission; 37.2% were as-sisted in public institutions, with significantly higher severity indicators than in private ones. Conclusions: Refer ID is a simple, useful tool to quickly identify asthma patients who are at risk of severe exacerbations and/or may have a diagnosis of severe asthma and would benefit from evaluation by a specialist. AU


Assuntos
Humanos , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Asma/diagnóstico , Inquéritos e Questionários , Argentina , Encaminhamento e Consulta , Avaliação de Resultados da Assistência ao Paciente
2.
Sleep Breath ; 24(2): 455-464, 2020 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31240542

RESUMO

PURPOSE: Information on access and adherence to positive airway pressure (PAP) treatment is lacking at the regional level in Latin America. This study characterized access and adherence to PAP in patients with moderate-severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in Latin America. METHODS: Cross-sectional study, conducted at 9 sleep centers across Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, and Peru. Adults diagnosed with moderate-severe OSA (apnea-hypopnea index [AHI] ≥ 15/h) in the previous 12-18 months were eligible. Anthropometrics, health coverage, and OSA severity data were collected. Data on access to therapy, barriers to access, adherence, and factors related to non-compliance were obtained via standardized telephone survey. RESULTS: Eight hundred eighty patients (70% male, 54 ± 13 years, AHI 49 ± 28/h, body mass index 32 ± 7 kg/m2) were included. Four hundred ninety patients (56%) initiated PAP, 70 (14%) discontinued therapy during the first year (mainly due to intolerance), and 420 (48%) were still using PAP when surveyed. Health insurance was private in 36.9% of patients, via the social security system in 31.1%, and via the state in 13.3%, and 18.7% did not have any coverage; 49.5% of patients had to pay all equipment costs. Reasons for not starting PAP were unclear or absent indication (42%), coverage problems (36%), and lack of awareness of OSA burden (14%). Patients with better adherence were older (55.3 ± 13 vs 52 ± 13; p = 0.002) and had more severe OSA (AHI 51.8 ± 27 vs 45.6 ± 27; p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Less than half moderate-severe OSA patients started and continue to use PAP. Unclear or absent medical indication and financial limitations were the most relevant factors limiting access to therapy.


Assuntos
Pressão Positiva Contínua nas Vias Aéreas/estatística & dados numéricos , Acessibilidade aos Serviços de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Cooperação do Paciente/estatística & dados numéricos , Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono/terapia , Adulto , Idoso , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , América Latina , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Inquéritos e Questionários
3.
Sci Total Environ ; 665: 513-520, 2019 May 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30776622

RESUMO

This work describes a longitudinal study of three consecutive years carried out in the air of agricultural environments located in Northern Patagonia with cold dry desert climate (Köppen: Bwk). This study area comprises a rural valley with unique geographical and climatological conditions. Therefore, the aim of this work is to quantify and determine its fungal diversity, so this knowledge will contribute to detect potential pathogenic and toxic fungi that has been adapted to this type of environment and may overcome the incipient climate change. Samplings were conducted in two geographical zones of the study area and a microflow air sampler was used to isolate fungal taxa. The annual mean fungal counts were found in the order of E+03 CFU/m3 of air. The aerial mycoflora revealed a wide biodiversity of at least 28 genera and 50 fungal species. Cladosporium was the most abundant genus (76.97%), followed by Alternaria (12.48%), Epicoccum (4.41%) and Botrytis (1.81%). The rest of the genera were found in relative densities lower than 1%. In terms of species, C. cladosporioides (34.82%), C. limoniforme (21.72%), A. tenuissima (10.94%) and C. asperulatum predominated (9.01%). This is the first report of the air mycoflora of rural environments with cold dry desert climate which provides useful information to take preventive measures to avoid biological damage.


Assuntos
Microbiologia do Ar , Biodiversidade , Mudança Climática , Fungos/fisiologia , Argentina , Clima Desértico , Monitoramento Ambiental , Fungos/classificação , Estudos Longitudinais , Densidade Demográfica , Estações do Ano , Esporos Fúngicos/classificação , Esporos Fúngicos/fisiologia
4.
Pediatr Neurol ; 52(2): 239-44, 2015 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25484024

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Molecular diagnosis of the distal spinal muscular atrophies or distal hereditary motor neuropathies remains challenging because of clinical and genetic heterogeneity. Next generation sequencing offers potential for identifying de novo mutations of causative genes in isolated cases. PATIENT DESCRIPTION: We present a 3.6-year-old girl with congenital scoliosis, equinovarus, and L5/S1 left hemivertebra who demonstrated delayed walking and lower extremities atrophy. She was negative for SMN1 deletion testing, and parents show no sign of disease. RESULTS: Whole exome sequencing of the affected girl showed a novel de novo heterozygous missense mutation c.1792C>T (p.Arg598Cys) in the tail domain of the DYNC1H1 gene encoding for cytoplasmic dynein heavy chain 1. The mutation changed a highly conserved amino acid and was absent from both parents. CONCLUSION: De novo mutations of DYNC1H1 have been found in individuals with autosomal dominant mental retardation with neuronal migration defects. Dominantly inherited mutations of DYNC1H1 have been reported to cause spinal muscular atrophy with predominance of lower extremity involvement and Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 2O. This is the first report of a de novoDYNC1H1 mutation associated with the spinal muscular atrophy with predominance of lower extremity phenotype with a spinal deformity (lumbar hemivertebrae). This case also demonstrates the power of next generation sequencing to discover de novo mutations on a genome-wide scale.


Assuntos
Dineínas do Citoplasma/genética , Deformidades Congênitas das Extremidades Inferiores/complicações , Atrofia Muscular Espinal/complicações , Atrofia Muscular Espinal/genética , Mutação/genética , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos
5.
ScientificWorldJournal ; 2014: 968215, 2014.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25126610

RESUMO

Moulds are capable of reducing the nutritional value of feedstuff as well as elaborating several mycotoxins. Mycotoxin-contaminated feed has adverse effects on animal health and productivity. Also, mycotoxins may be carried over into meat and eggs when poultry are fed with contaminated feed. In a point prevalence study feedstuff used for poultry nutrition in Argentina was analyzed for fungal flora, natural incidence of selected mycotoxins, and nutritional quality. Ten mould genera were recovered, six of them known to be mycotoxigenic. More than 28 species were determined. Fumonisins were detected in all the samples (median 1,750 ppb). Forty-four out of 49 samples (90%) were contaminated with DON (median 222 ppb) and OTA (median 5 ppb). Also, 44 out of 49 samples were contaminated with aflatoxins (median 2.685 ppb), 42 samples (86%) with ZEA (median 50 ppb), and 38 samples (78%) with T2-toxin (median 50 ppb). Ninety percent of the samples had at least one type of nutritional deficiency. This study indicates the need for continuous assessment of the mycological status of animal feed production, in order to feed animals for optimal performance ensuring food safety.


Assuntos
Ração Animal/microbiologia , Ração Animal/normas , Contaminação de Alimentos/análise , Fungos/química , Micotoxinas/análise , Valor Nutritivo , Aflatoxinas/análise , Ração Animal/análise , Animais , Argentina , Fumonisinas/análise , Aves Domésticas , Especificidade da Espécie , Estatísticas não Paramétricas , Toxina T-2/análise
6.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19745446

RESUMO

The paper compares the effectiveness of a traditional residential and an e-learning course for nurses, and suggests ways to identify the psychological characteristics which might lead people to prefer e-learning education.


Assuntos
Educação a Distância , Educação Continuada em Enfermagem/métodos , Internet , Recursos Humanos de Enfermagem Hospitalar/educação , Adulto , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade
7.
Med. infant ; 15(4): 324-329, dic. 2008. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, BINACIS, UNISALUD | ID: lil-541262

RESUMO

La púrpura de Schõnlein Henoch, es una de las vasculitis más frecuentes en la infancia. El compromiso real, es del 20-60 por ciento, manifestándose como hematuria, proteinuria, sindrome nefrótico, nefrítico, insuficiencia renal e hipertensión arterial. Objetivo: mostrar los resultados de una búsqueda bibliográfica efectuada para investigar si el uso temprano de corticoides podría reducir la frecuencia de complicaciones renales en niños con púrpura de Schõnlein Henoch. Material y métodos: se llevó a cabo usando bases de datos Medline, Cochrane, Scielo y Lilacs, incluyendo Literatura gris. Se accedió a la biblioteca del hospital donde se obtuvieron artículos citados en otros estudios. Los estudios seleccionados para el análisis incluyeron población pediátrica, el uso temprano de corticoides como intervención en cuestión y desarrollo de nefropatía como resultado de interés. Resultados: se obtuvieron 47 artículos de los cuales se seleccionaron 8, excluyendo a aquellos no relacionados con el resultado de interés. Conclusión: no hay aún suficiente cantidad de publicaciones metodológicamente adecuadas como extraer resultados concluyentes. Aún así, hay acuerdo en que los corticoides no son eficaces, en la prevención del compromiso renal en la púrpura de Schõnlein Henoch, y los artículos con validez metodológica, sostienen esta afirmación.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Corticosteroides/uso terapêutico , Nefropatias/prevenção & controle , Placebos , Vasculite por IgA/complicações , Vasculite
8.
Resuscitation ; 63(1): 43-8, 2004 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15451585

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: The use of automated external defibrillators (AEDs) by lay rescuers can reduce the time to defibrillation, improving survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. However, some people have hearing defects that can prevent them from understanding the AED verbal prompts. Moreover, even rescuers with normal hearing function may not easily understand the AED verbal prompts when operating in a noisy environment. This study was designed to assess the capability of rescuers to defibrillate effectively using an AED which included visual prompts. METHODS AND RESULTS: Nine deaf employees with no previous experience in basic life support (BLS) or defibrillation were asked to defibrillate a manikin following the text prompts of a Heartstart FR2+ AED. Subjects were tested before and after a 6 h BLS-AED course carried out with the help of a sign language interpreter. Before training, seven out of nine deaf subjects (78%) were able to defibrillate, eight out of nine subjects (89%) placed the pads correctly, and the mean time to defibrillation was 101.3 +/- 28.4 s. After the course, all subjects were able to complete the defibrillation sequence and place the pads correctly. The mean post-course time to defibrillation was 47.8 +/- 5.4 s (P < 0.001). None of the nine subjects touched the manikin during charging of the defibrillator and shock delivery before or after the course. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that untrained deaf rescuers can use AEDs appropriately providing that the defibrillator has visual instructions. Training improves defibrillator use and reduces time to defibrillation.


Assuntos
Reanimação Cardiopulmonar/educação , Surdez , Desfibriladores , Apresentação de Dados , Humanos , Manequins , Fatores de Tempo
10.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 58(6): 733-5, 1998. ilus
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-228225

RESUMO

The presence of filamentous bacteria morphologically similar to Nocardia in a fresh stool sample from an AIDS patient with pulmonary nocardiosis is here reported. The material was submitted to our laboratory for a parasitologic examination and was stained by the Kinyoun method, revealing numerous delicate, irregularly stained, branching acid-fast filaments. Nocardia asteroides had been isolated from sputum samples of this patient. The patient was a 32 year-old HIV+ female admitted to our center on june 1997 because of productive cough, right-sided thoracic pain and weight loss. Chest X rays showed the presence of right superior lobe excavated pneumonia. This was the first time we had observed filamentous bacteria similar to Nocardia in a stool sample submitted to parasitologic examination. For similar cases, and when its presence was not detected in other specimens collected from the same patient, intestinal endoscopy and biopsy should be performed for eventual lesions and smear examination repeated with Kinyoun stain and cultures for Nocardia.


Assuntos
Feminino , Humanos , Adulto , Infecções Oportunistas Relacionadas com a AIDS/microbiologia , Fezes/microbiologia , Nocardia asteroides/isolamento & purificação , Nocardiose , Pneumonia Bacteriana/microbiologia , Infecções Oportunistas Relacionadas com a AIDS/diagnóstico , Infecções Oportunistas Relacionadas com a AIDS/tratamento farmacológico , Nocardiose/diagnóstico , Nocardiose/tratamento farmacológico , Pneumonia Bacteriana/diagnóstico , Pneumonia Bacteriana/tratamento farmacológico
11.
Medicina [B.Aires] ; 58(6): 733-5, 1998. ilus
Artigo em Inglês | BINACIS | ID: bin-16711

RESUMO

The presence of filamentous bacteria morphologically similar to Nocardia in a fresh stool sample from an AIDS patient with pulmonary nocardiosis is here reported. The material was submitted to our laboratory for a parasitologic examination and was stained by the Kinyoun method, revealing numerous delicate, irregularly stained, branching acid-fast filaments. Nocardia asteroides had been isolated from sputum samples of this patient. The patient was a 32 year-old HIV+ female admitted to our center on june 1997 because of productive cough, right-sided thoracic pain and weight loss. Chest X rays showed the presence of right superior lobe excavated pneumonia. This was the first time we had observed filamentous bacteria similar to Nocardia in a stool sample submitted to parasitologic examination. For similar cases, and when its presence was not detected in other specimens collected from the same patient, intestinal endoscopy and biopsy should be performed for eventual lesions and smear examination repeated with Kinyoun stain and cultures for Nocardia. (AU)


Assuntos
Feminino , Humanos , Adulto , Nocardia asteroides/isolamento & purificação , Nocardiose , Fezes/microbiologia , Infecções Oportunistas Relacionadas com a AIDS/microbiologia , Pneumonia Bacteriana/microbiologia , Pneumonia Bacteriana/diagnóstico , Pneumonia Bacteriana/tratamento farmacológico , Nocardiose/diagnóstico , Nocardiose/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções Oportunistas Relacionadas com a AIDS/diagnóstico , Infecções Oportunistas Relacionadas com a AIDS/tratamento farmacológico
12.
Rev. Asoc. Odontol. Argent ; 81(1): 42-5, ene.-mar. 1993. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | BINACIS | ID: bin-25766

RESUMO

Se presentan dos casos de mujeres infectadas por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (HIV) cuya primera manifestación de sarcoma de Kaposi (SK) fue el involucramiento bucal. Pensamos que este trabajo permite llamar la atención de la importancia del examen estomatológico rutinario para el diagnóstico de esta patología (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/diagnóstico , Sarcoma de Kaposi/diagnóstico , Manifestações Bucais
13.
Rev. Asoc. Odontol. Argent ; 81(1): 42-5, ene.-mar. 1993. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-121007

RESUMO

Se presentan dos casos de mujeres infectadas por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (HIV) cuya primera manifestación de sarcoma de Kaposi (SK) fue el involucramiento bucal. Pensamos que este trabajo permite llamar la atención de la importancia del examen estomatológico rutinario para el diagnóstico de esta patología


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Manifestações Bucais , Sarcoma de Kaposi/diagnóstico , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/diagnóstico
14.
Buenos Aires; s.n; 1992. 120 p. ilus. (83337).
Monografia em Espanhol | BINACIS | ID: bin-83337

RESUMO

Se estudiaron 45 mujeres con enfermedad por HIV y tuberculosis, entre los años 1985 y 1991, destacándose: 1. La edad más frecuente para la presentación de ambas enfermedades está entre los 15-29 años [68.9 por ciento] con media de 26.7 años y un rango de 15 a 48 años. 2. La enfermedad por HIV fue anterior al diagnóstico por tuberculosis en 25 pacientes, simultáneo en 2 pacientes y posterior en 18 pacientes. 3. Las localizaciones extrapulmonares, diseminadas y miliares pulmonares han sido muy frecuentes entre las formas clínicas de la tuberculosis con enfermedad por HIV. 4. Las pruebas tuberculínas suelen ser negativas [90 por ciento]. 5. Tuberculosis es una infección causada por un agente patógeno virulento motivo por el cual suele verse en pacientes con niveles de CD4 elevados. Cuando éstos declinan en el tiempo, el tipo de tuberculosis varía, aumentando las formas extrapulmonares y diseminadas. 6. Numerosas otras enfermedades asociadas a la inmunosupresión o no están presentes, determinando que el axioma "pérdida de la unidad etiológica" sea real. Más de 45 asociaciones morbosas fueron halladas en nuestra serie además de la doble por HIV y tuberculosis. 7. No hay tratamiento específico por el momento para la enfermedad por HIV, pero el uso de AZT en forma temprana puede mejorar la evolución y retrasar las complicaciones. 8. El tratamiento de la tuberculosis ha sido relativamente bien tolerado, pero cumplido con las dificultades por las características de las pacientes [especialmente de DAEV]. Se llegó a obtener mejoría en 15 enfermas, pero la mortalidad llegó a 40 por ciento siendo debidas a tuberculosis en 15,5 por ciento y a otras enfermedades en el 24,45 por ciento. 9. Sin embargo ambas enfermedades son prevenibles y diagnosticables siendo además la tuberculosis tratable y curable. Esto exige un reconocimiento temprano de las condiciones de riesgo y su diagnóstico. 10. Tuberculosis debe formar parte de la definición de SIDA como enfermedad marcadora de inmunodeficiencia, cualquiera sea su forma clínica y localización. 11. La diferencia fundamental entre la mujer y el hombre está dada por su responsabilidad en la procreación y mantenimiento del núcleo familiar... (TRUNCADO)(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Controle de Doenças Transmissíveis , Infecções por HIV , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/epidemiologia , Tuberculose/mortalidade , Zidovudina/uso terapêutico
15.
Buenos Aires; s.n; 1992. 120 p. ilus.
Monografia em Espanhol | BINACIS | ID: biblio-1205293

RESUMO

Se estudiaron 45 mujeres con enfermedad por HIV y tuberculosis, entre los años 1985 y 1991, destacándose: 1. La edad más frecuente para la presentación de ambas enfermedades está entre los 15-29 años [68.9 por ciento] con media de 26.7 años y un rango de 15 a 48 años. 2. La enfermedad por HIV fue anterior al diagnóstico por tuberculosis en 25 pacientes, simultáneo en 2 pacientes y posterior en 18 pacientes. 3. Las localizaciones extrapulmonares, diseminadas y miliares pulmonares han sido muy frecuentes entre las formas clínicas de la tuberculosis con enfermedad por HIV. 4. Las pruebas tuberculínas suelen ser negativas [90 por ciento]. 5. Tuberculosis es una infección causada por un agente patógeno virulento motivo por el cual suele verse en pacientes con niveles de CD4 elevados. Cuando éstos declinan en el tiempo, el tipo de tuberculosis varía, aumentando las formas extrapulmonares y diseminadas. 6. Numerosas otras enfermedades asociadas a la inmunosupresión o no están presentes, determinando que el axioma "pérdida de la unidad etiológica" sea real. Más de 45 asociaciones morbosas fueron halladas en nuestra serie además de la doble por HIV y tuberculosis. 7. No hay tratamiento específico por el momento para la enfermedad por HIV, pero el uso de AZT en forma temprana puede mejorar la evolución y retrasar las complicaciones. 8. El tratamiento de la tuberculosis ha sido relativamente bien tolerado, pero cumplido con las dificultades por las características de las pacientes [especialmente de DAEV]. Se llegó a obtener mejoría en 15 enfermas, pero la mortalidad llegó a 40 por ciento siendo debidas a tuberculosis en 15,5 por ciento y a otras enfermedades en el 24,45 por ciento. 9. Sin embargo ambas enfermedades son prevenibles y diagnosticables siendo además la tuberculosis tratable y curable. Esto exige un reconocimiento temprano de las condiciones de riesgo y su diagnóstico. 10. Tuberculosis debe formar parte de la definición de SIDA como enfermedad marcadora de inmunodeficiencia, cualquiera sea su forma clínica y localización. 11. La diferencia fundamental entre la mujer y el hombre está dada por su responsabilidad en la procreación y mantenimiento del núcleo familiar... (TRUNCADO)


Assuntos
Feminino , Humanos , Controle de Doenças Transmissíveis , Infecções por HIV , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/epidemiologia , Tuberculose/mortalidade , Zidovudina/uso terapêutico
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