Estimando el número de casos de COVID-19 mediante una herramienta web: resultados de la primera semana del proyecto «Covid-19 Trends» en Euskadi / Estimating the number of COVID-19 cases using a web-based tool: results from the first week of the 'Covid-19 Trends' project in the Basque Country

OBJETIVO: En Euskadi, dos casos de COVID-19 fueron diagnosticados el 28 de febrero de 2020. El 14 de marzo el Gobierno español estableció el estado de alarma. La única información acerca del número de casos de COVID-19 eran los confirmados por RT-PCR. Lanzamos una herramienta de vigilancia basada en la web para estimar el número mínimo de casos sintomáticos de COVID-19 y generar información útil para la toma de decisiones en salud pública. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Implementamos un cuestionario web anónimo y lo difundimos a través de redes sociales. Recopilamos información epidemiológica sobre variables de «tiempo» (fecha de inicio de los síntomas), «lugar» (código postal) y «persona» (género, edad). Comparamos los casos positivos detectados mediante RT-PCR con los casos estimados según la definición de caso del Ministerio de Sanidad Consumo y Bienestar Social. Calculamos la tasa de respuesta al cuestionario y la incidencia acumulada a 14días. RESULTADOS: Entre el 19 y 26 de marzo de 2020 el cuestionario fue contestado por 128.182 personas (5,5% de la población vasca). De ellas, 27.599 cumplieron la definición de caso. Los casos estimados fueron seis veces más que los RT-PCR positivos para COVID-19. La incidencia acumulada a 14días fue de 463,3 por 100.000 habitantes, mientras que la de los casos positivos por RT-PCR fue de 139,6 por 100.000 habitantes. CONCLUSIONES: Esta herramienta mostró su utilidad para estimar el mínimo número de casos sintomáticos en Euskadi, lo cual podría apoyar acciones de salud pública

OBJECTIVE: In the Basque Country, two cases of COVID-19 were diagnosed on February 28 2020. On March 14, the Spanish Government established a state of alarm. Only cases confirmed by molecular biology (reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction [RT-PCR]) were known. We launched a web-based surveillance tool to estimate the number of symptomatic cases of COVID-19 to contribute to Public Health decision-making. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We implemented an anonymous web questionnaire and disseminated it through online social media social. We collected epidemiological information about «time» (date of onset of symptoms), «place» (zip code), and «person» (gender, age). We compared cases detected by RT-PCR with the estimated cases, according to the case definition of the Ministry of Health. We calculated the questionnaire response rate and the cumulative incidence at 14days. RESULTS: Between March 19 and 26, 128,009 people answered the questionnaire (5.5% of the Basque population). Of these, 26,375 met the case definition (symptom prevalence of 21.4%). The estimated cases were almost six times more than COVID-19 positive RT-PCR. The estimated 14-day cumulative incidence was 578.3 per 100,000 population compared to RT-PCR positive cases, which was 139.6 per 100,000 population. CONCLUSIONS: This tool was useful in estimating the minimum number of symptomatic cases in the Basque Country, which could support Public Health actions

[Estimating the number of COVID-19 cases using a web-based tool: Results from the first week of the 'Covid-19 Trends' project in the Basque Country]. / Estimando el número de casos de COVID-19 mediante una herramienta web: resultados de la primera semana del proyecto «Covid-19 Trends¼ en Euskadi.

OBJECTIVE: In the Basque Country, two cases of COVID-19 were diagnosed on February 28 2020. On March 14, the Spanish Government established a state of alarm. Only cases confirmed by molecular biology (reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction [RT-PCR]) were known. We launched a web-based surveillance tool to estimate the number of symptomatic cases of COVID-19 to contribute to Public Health decision-making. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We implemented an anonymous web questionnaire and disseminated it through online social media social. We collected epidemiological information about «time¼ (date of onset of symptoms), «place¼ (zip code), and «person¼ (gender, age). We compared cases detected by RT-PCR with the estimated cases, according to the case definition of the Ministry of Health. We calculated the questionnaire response rate and the cumulative incidence at 14days. RESULTS: Between March 19 and 26, 128,009 people answered the questionnaire (5.5% of the Basque population). Of these, 26,375 met the case definition (symptom prevalence of 21.4%). The estimated cases were almost six times more than COVID-19 positive RT-PCR. The estimated 14-day cumulative incidence was 578.3 per 100,000 population compared to RT-PCR positive cases, which was 139.6 per 100,000 population. CONCLUSIONS: This tool was useful in estimating the minimum number of symptomatic cases in the Basque Country, which could support Public Health actions.

Comparison of clinical and cognitive characteristics of a Mexican adult clinical population with and without ADHD / Comparación de las características clínicas y cognitivas de una población clínica adulta mexicana con y sin TDAH

Abstract Introduction Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder affecting approximately 5% of the world population, with symptoms that may persist into adulthood. Despite the findings on the clinical course of this disorder, information regarding comorbidity patterns, psychosocial and executive functioning in adult life in those with and without ADHD in Latin American samples is scarce. Objective The aim of this study is to compare the comorbidity pattern, psychosocial, and executive functioning of adults with and without ADHD from a clinical sample. Method One hundred and fifty-one patients between 20 and 45 years, with screened positively on ASRS-V1.1, were invited to continue an evaluation process as part of clinical research program (PROMETEO): 1) K-SADS-PL Mx interview, 2) MINI-Plus interview, ASRS-V1-1 18 item version, BRIEF self-reported questionnaire, SCQA-ADHD, and 3) Individual case review by clinical expert in ADHD. Results Individuals in the ADHD group had a higher average of comorbid disorders (2.5 SD 1.1 vs. 1.3 SD 1.0 respectively, F = .439; t = -6.621; df = 149; p < .001), more likelihood of procrastinating (OR = 6.5; 95% CI[2.6, 16.2]; z = 4.0) and were more likely to present difficulties in both the behavior regulation index (OR = 104.9; 95% CI[31.8, 345.7]; z = 7.65) and the metacognitive index (OR = 94.79; 95% CI[29.10, 308.76]; z = 7.56) compared to the non-ADHD group, regardless of gender. Discussion and conclusions Our results indicate that the ADHD adult group presented with more comorbidity, and worse psychosocial and executive functioning than non-ADHD adults.

Resumen Introducción El trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad (TDAH) es un trastorno del neurodesarrollo que afecta aproximadamente al 5% de la población mundial, persistiendo hasta la adultez. A pesar de los hallazgos acerca del curso clínico de este trastorno, la información es escasa con respecto a los patrones de comorbilidad, funcionamiento psicosocial y ejecutivo en la vida adulta entre aquellos con y sin TDAH en muestras latinoamericanas. Objetivo Comparar el patrón de comorbilidad, el funcionamiento psicosocial y ejecutivo de adultos con y sin TDAH de una muestra clínica. Método Ciento cincuenta y un pacientes entre 20 y 45 años, quienes inicialmente presentaron un tamizaje positivo del ASRS-V1.1, fueron evaluados dentro de un programa de investigación clínica (PROMETEO) con los siguientes instrumentos: 1) la entrevista K-SADS-PL-Mx, 2) la entrevista MINI-Plus, la version de 18 items del ASRS-V1-1, y los cuestionarios autoaplicados BRIEF y SCQA-ADHD y 3) Revisión de cada caso por un clínico experto en el diagnóstico de TDAH. Resultados El grupo de TDAH comparado con aquel sin TDAH presentó un mayor promedio de trastornos comórbidos (2.5 DE 1.1 vs 1.3 DE 1.0 respectivamente, F = .439; t = -6.621; gl = 149; p < .001), mayor probabilidad de procrastinar (OR = 6.5; 95% IC[2.6, 16.2]; z = 4.0), y mayor probabilidad de presentar dificultades tanto en el índice de regulación de la conducta (OR = 104.9; 95% IC[31.8, 345.7]; z = 7.65) como en el índice metacognitivo (OR = 94.79; 95% IC[29.10, 308.76]; z = 7.56) independientemente del sexo. Discusión y conclusión Nuestros resultados señalan que los adultos con TDAH presentan mayor comorbilidad y peor funcionamiento psicosocial y ejecutivo que los adultos sin TDAH.

Sister-chromatid exchange analysis in a rural population of Mexico exposed to pesticides.

Cytogenetic damage was evaluated by means of the analysis of sister-chromatid exchange (SCE) in a rural population of Tlaxcala, Mexico, in occupational contact with pesticides. We studied 170 men, 94 exposed and 76 not exposed. It was shown that SCE followed a normal distribution and Student's t test did not present differences between the two groups (P = 0.4). The frequency of SCE was not correlated with the duration of exposure of the rural workers (r = -0.06), the multiple covariance analysis applied to the data of duration of exposure, tobacco intake and alcohol ingestion demonstrated a lack of statistical significance. In the exposed people we observed no symptoms provoked by these compounds.