Progesterone elevation on the day of oocyte retrieval and live birth rate after in vitro fertilisation treatment.

The objective of this study was to evaluate if progesterone elevation (PE) on the day of oocyte retrieval is associated with IVF outcome. A prospective cohort study of 400 IVF-ICSI cycles, with fresh embryo transfer on day 2-3 was performed. We proposed a serum progesterone (P) level on percentile (p) 90 as a threshold.Pregnancy rates were not affected, however there were more miscarriages (25.7% vs 43.8%) and lower live birth rate (LBR) (28% vs 23.1%) in the PE group (not statistically significant). We also found a positive correlation between P levels and retrieved and mature oocytes, total embryos, and good quality embryos. This is the first study to analyse LBR based on P levels on the day of oocyte retrieval. PE is not associated with the IVF outcome, but there is a trend to lower ongoing pregnancy rate and LBR and more miscarriages. Our results also show that P levels have no negative effects on oocyte and embryo quality.Impact statementWhat is already known on this subject? The influence of PE during IVF cycle on pregnancy rates remains controversial.What do the results of this study add? This is the first study to analyse LBR based on P levels on the day of oocyte retrieval.What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? We demonstrated that pregnancy rates were not affected by PE at oocyte retrieval, but there is a trend to lower ongoing pregnancy rate and LBR and more miscarriages. Randomised controlled trials are needed to offer more evidence of these relationships.

Parto a través de rotura uterina posterior en una paciente con pesario de Arabin / Vaginal birth through posterior uterine breaking in Arabin pessary carrier patient

Resumen ANTECEDENTES: El parto pretérmino es una causa importante de morbilidad y mortalidad materno-fetal. El pesario cervical es un método eficaz para prevenir el parto pretérmino en pacientes con cuello uterino corto. CASO CLÍNICO: Paciente de 38 años, de 34.3 semanas de embarazo, que acudió a consulta por hidrorrea y dolor abdominal. Entre sus antecedentes ginecoobstétricos refirió la colocación de un pesario de Arabin a partir de la semana 20 del embarazo, por diagnóstico de cuello uterino corto (14 mm). La exploración médica reveló: cuello uterino cerrado y formado, con desgarro de 2 cm en la cara posterior uterina, indicándose cesárea de urgencia. Cinco minutos después tuvo aumento importante de dolor abdominal, objetivándose la cabeza fetal en IV plano de Hodge, por lo que se decidió la asistencia mediante parto en el área quirúrgica. Nació un varón de 2045 g, con Apgar 9/10, que ingresó al área de neonatología. Posteriormente se comprobó el desgarro ístmico-cervical, de aproximadamente 7 cm, con prolongación ascendente medial de 4 cm, que se suturó sin contratiempos. El puerperio inmediato y tardío transcurrieron con normalidad. Un año después del parto la paciente se encuentra en excelente estado de salud. CONCLUSIÓN: La rotura uterina en pacientes con pesario es una complicación extremadamente rara. Hasta la fecha no existe un esquema de tratamiento óptimo. Se prefiere una conducta conservadora, sobre todo si existe deseo reproductivo, e individualizar cada caso.

Abstract BACKGROUND: Preterm delivery is an important cause of maternal-fetal morbimortality. The cervical pessary is an effective method to prevent preterm birth in patients with short cervix. CLINICAL CASE: A 38-year-old patient, 34.3 weeks pregnant, attended the clinic due to hidrhorea and abdominal pain. Among his gynecological and obstetric history he referred to the placement of Arabin pessary from week 20 of pregnancy, by diagnosis of short cervix (14 mm). The medical examination revealed: Cervix closed and formed, with a 2 cm tear in the posterior uterine side, indicating an emergency caesarean section. Five minutes later, there was a significant increase in abdominal pain, with the fetal head being seen in the IV plane of Hodge. Therefore, it was decided to assist with delivery in the surgical area. A newborn male, 2045 g, was obtained with Apgar 9 / 10, who entered the neonatology area. Subsequently, the isthmic-cervical tear, of approximately 7 cm, with a medial ascending extension of 4 cm, which was sutured without incident, was confirmed. The immediate and delayed puerperium proceeded normally. One year after the obstetric event, the patient is in excellent health. CONCLUSIONS: Uterine rupture associated to pessary is an extremely rare complication. To date there is no optimal treatment scheme. A conservative behavior is preferred, especially if there is a reproductive desire, and each case is individualized.

Tumor neuroectodérmico recidivante. A propósito de un caso y revisión bibliográfica / Recurrent neuroectodermal tumor. A case report and literatura review

Resumen ANTECEDENTES: La relación entre cáncer y embarazo supone 0.07% de las complicaciones gestacionales. Cuando estas situaciones coinciden el tratamiento del tumor se dificulta. El tumor neuroectodérmico primitivo es una neoplasia relacionada con el sarcoma de Ewing y su incidencia es excepcional durante el embarazo. CASO CLÍNICO: Paciente de 34 años, con 36.3 semanas de embarazo, que ingresó a la unidad hospitalaria por dolor abdominal irradiado al miembro inferior derecho. A la exploración física se palpó una tumoración de gran dimensión en la fosa iliaca derecha. La ecografía abdominal objetivó una imagen compatible con un mioma. La resonancia magnética reportó una masa de 16 x 13 x 17 cm, retroperitoneal, paravertebral, coincidente con tumor neuroectodérmico, sarcoma y tumor neurogénico. La paciente tuvo parto eutócico, sin administración de analgesia epidural, del que nació una niña de 2950 g, con Apgar 8-9. Se efectuó una biopsia por aspiración con aguja gruesa, que reportó un tumor neuroectodérmico primitivo. El tratamiento consistió en quimioterapia con protocolo VAC (vincristina, dactinomicina y ciclofosfamida [14 ciclos]) y adriamicina (6 a 8 ciclos de inducción). Actualmente padece dolor neuropático en la pierna derecha y permanece en rehabilitación, con tratamiento médico. CONCLUSIONES: Los tumores neuroectodérmicos primitivos son neoplasias excepcionales durante el embarazo. Se requieren estudios complementarios para conocer la relación exacta entre este tipo de tumores y el embarazo, y de esta forma establecer el protocolo de tratamiento adecuado.

Abstract BACKGROUND: The relationship between cancer and pregnancy accounts for 0.07% of gestational complications. This aspect makes treatment difficult and has a negative impact on pregnant patients. The primitive neuroectodermal tumor is a neoplasm related to Ewing's sarcoma and its incidence is exceptional during pregnancy. CLINICAL CASE: A 34-year-old patient, 36.3 weeks pregnant, who was admitted to the hospital unit due to abdominal pain radiating to the right lower limb. Physical examination revealed a large tumor in the right iliac fossa. The abdominal ultrasound showed an image compatible with a myoma. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a mass of 16 x 13 x 17 cm, retroperitoneal, paravertebral, coinciding with neuroectodermal tumor, sarcoma and neurogenic tumor. The patient had eutocic delivery, without administration of epidural analgesia, from which a girl of 2950 g was born, and Apgar 8/9. An aspiration biopsy was performed with a thick needle, which reported a primitive neuroectodermal tumor. The treatment consisted of chemotherapy with VAC protocol (vincristine, dactinomycin and cyclophosphamide [14 cycles]) and adriamycin (6 to 8 induction cycles). He currently suffers from neuropathic pain in the right leg and remains in rehabilitation, with medical treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Primitive neuroectodermal tumors are exceptional neoplasms during pregnancy. Complementary studies are required to know the exact relationship between this type of tumors and pregnancy, and in this way establish the appropriate treatment strategy.

Influence of age on tolerability, safety and effectiveness of subdermal contraceptive implants.

The use of long-acting contraceptive methods is on the rise. The aim of this study was to describe the main variables (effectiveness, tolerability, menstrual bleeding) associated with the use of subdermal contraceptive implants and to investigate the influence of age on these variables. This was a descriptive, retrospective, observational study of 221 cases of contraceptive implants inserted at a Spanish hospital between 2006 and 2015. The mean age of implant users was 31.2 ± 7.5 years. Effectiveness was 100% and good tolerability was recorded for 86.5%. Infrequent bleeding was the most common bleeding pattern, followed by amenorrhoea. Of the 221 implants inserted, 47.5% were removed. The main reasons were expiration (54.3%) and discomfort due to bleeding alterations and other adverse effects (25.7%). Nulliparity and weight gain were significantly associated with an increased probability of implant removal. This study shows that implants were highly effective, safe and well-tolerated in our population. The age of users had no influence on any of the study variables analysed. Impact Statement What is already known on this subject? Subdermal contraceptive implants are long-acting reversible contraceptives which are both safe and effective. What do the results of this study add? The age of users had no influence on any of the study variables analysed. Nulliparity and weight gain were significantly associated with an increased probability of implant removal. What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? Subdermal contraceptive implants were a safe and effective long-acting progestin contraceptive method for women from all age groups in our series because no significant age-related differences were observed for the tolerability, vaginal bleeding patterns, the effectiveness, the adverse effects or any other variables.

Do clinical data and human papilloma virus genotype influence spontaneous regression in grade I cervical intraepithelial neoplasia?

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether medical history, clinical examination and human papilloma virus (HPV) genotype influence spontaneous regression in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade I (CIN-I). MATERIAL AND METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated 232 women who were histologically diagnosed as have CIN-I by means of Kaplan-Meier curves, the pattern of spontaneous regression according to the medical history, clinical examination, and HPV genotype. RESULTS: Spontaneous regression occurred in most patients and was influenced by the presence of multiple HPV genotypes but not by the HPV genotype itself. In addition, regression frequency was diminished when more than 50% of the cervix surface was affected or when an abnormal cytology was present at the beginning of follow-up. CONCLUSION: The frequency of regression in CIN-I is high, making long-term follow-up and conservative management advisable. Data from clinical examination and HPV genotyping might help to anticipate which lesions will regress.

Analysis of perception of training in graduates of the Faculty of Medicine at Universidad de Castilla-Mancha.

INTRODUCTION: Problem-based learning has been a key component of the teaching method employed at the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Castilla La Mancha (UCLM) in Albacete, Spain since its creation. The aim of this study was to evaluate perceptions of training among residents who graduated from the first three years of the UCLM Degree in Medicine. METHODS: Using the Jefferson Medical College postgraduate rating form, residents rated their performance in four areas of clinical competency (medical knowledge, data gathering skills, clinical judgment, and professional attitudes) at the beginning of residency training in comparison with colleagues from other faculties. The construct validity of responses was evaluated using Cronbach's alpha and exploratory factor analysis. RESULTS: Over half the respondents (57.8%) considered that they had received better training than peers from other medical schools, and 98.5% felt that their general performance in the four competencies analyzed was similar or superior to that of their colleagues. Factor analysis revealed two major factors: "the physician as scientist" and "the physician as manager and communicator". CONCLUSIONS: Our study shows that graduates from the UCLM Faculty of Medicine perceive their training, which is largely based on problem-based learning, as satisfactory.

Evaluación por los tutores de la formación adquirida por los licenciados en medicina en la Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha / Evaluation by tutors from the training of postgraduates in medicine from the University of Castilla-La Mancha

Introducción: La comunidad universitaria debe cuestionarse si su producto final, el egresado, posee las competencias necesarias para enfrentarse al mercado laboral cuando abandona las aulas. Nuestro objetivo es analizar las valoraciones de las competencias profesionales de los posgraduados por la Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM) realizadas por sus tutores de formación especializada. Sujetos y métodos: Hemos realizado un estudio observacional transversal de 67 tutores (sobre un total de 89, contestaron 73 y se excluyeron 6), que valoran a sus egresados procedentes de la Facultad de Medicina de la UCLM mediante 'formularios de evaluación', en los cuales se analizan cuatro áreas básicas de la competencia clínica del residente (conocimientos médicos, habilidades de recopilación de datos, juicio clínico profesional y actitudes profesionales). Los resultados se presentan en porcentajes. Para la asociación estadística se han realizado determinaciones no paramétricas. Resultados: El 53% de los tutores (35/63, 4 respuestas no válidas) consideran que la formación de nuestros egresados es superior a la de otros residentes procedentes de otras universidades. Más del 30% habla de un desempeño excepcional respecto a conocimientos, recogida de datos, diagnóstico y actitudes profesionales. Al analizar al residente como gestor de recursos sanitarios, un 6,3% de ellos administran peor los recursos que sus compañeros de residencia, formados en otras facultades. Conclusiones: Parece que la formación recibida por nuestros alumnos es adecuada según sus tutores, lo que les capacita para un correcto ejercicio profesional posterior. No obstante, se evidencian deficiencias respecto a la gestión de recursos sociosanitarios, problemática psicosocial y medicina preventiva (AU)

Introduction: The university community must question whether the end product, the graduate, has the skills necessary to face the labor market when they leave the classroom. Our objective is to examine the assessments of the professional skills of postgraduate students from the University of Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM) made by their specialized training supervisor. Subjects and methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 67 supervisor (a total of 89, 73 and excludes answer 6) of postgraduates of the Faculty of Medicine (UCLM), who helped answering the 'evaluation form', with 32 items about four basic areas of clinical competence (medical knowledge, data-gathering skills, clinical judgment and professional attitudes) The results are shown in percentages. Non-parametric measurements have been made for the statistical association. Results: 53% of the supervisor (35/63, 4 invalid responses) believe that the education of our graduates is higher than the others graduates coming from other universities. Over 30% talk about an exceptional performance in terms of knowledge, data collection, diagnosis and professional attitudes. Considering the resident as a manager of health resources, about 6.3% are below than the others graduates coming from other universities. Conclusions: According to their tutors, the training received by our students seems to be appropriated, which enables them to practice a correct professional task. However, deficiencies are evident on the management of healthcare resources, psychosocial problems and preventive medicine (AU)

Laparoscopia frente a laparotomía para el tratamiento quirúrgico del cáncer de endometrio / Laparoscopy versus laparotomy for the surgical treatment of endometrial cancer

Objetivo: Comparar la supervivencia global y específica para cáncer de endometrio en el abordaje laparoscópico y laparotómico. Sujetos y métodos: Estudio de cohortes retrospectivo que incluyó 235 pacientes con diagnóstico de carcinoma de endometrio y tratadas quirúrgicamente entre 2001 y 2010, bien mediante abordaje laparoscópico (104 pacientes) o mediante abordaje laparotómico (131 pacientes). Resultados: La supervivencia global, la supervivencia específica y el intervalo libre de enfermedad fueron similares en ambos grupos, obteniendo para el grupo laparoscópico una supervivencia libre de enfermedad del 85,5% y una supervivencia del 80,2%; y para el grupo laparotómico supervivencia libre de enfermedad del 77,9% y supervivencia del 82,3% sin diferencias estadísticamente significativas. En el grupo de laparoscopia se obtuvo un mayor tiempo operatorio y menor estancia hospitalaria. Salvo la lesión a órganos, las complicaciones quirúrgicas y posquirúrgicas fueron similares. Conclusión: La laparoscopia para el tratamiento del cáncer de endometrio presenta igual supervivencia e intervalo libre de enfermedad, y teniendo en cuenta los riesgos quirúrgicos, constituye una buena alternativa a la cirugía tradiciona (AU)

Objective: To compare overall survival and disease-specific survival for endometrial cancer with the laparoscopic and laparotomy approaches. Subjects and methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study that included 235 patients with a diagnosis of endometrial carcinoma who were surgically treated between 2001 and 2010 either by the laparoscopic approach (104 patients) or by laparotomy (131 patients) in our hospital. Results: Overall survival, disease-specific survival and the disease-free interval were similar in the two groups. In the laparoscopic group, disease-free survival was 85.5% and survival was 80.2%, while in the laparotomy group, disease-free survival was 77.9% and survival was 82.3%, with no statistically significant differences. In the laparoscopy group, operating time was longer and hospital stay was shorter. Except for organ injury, surgical and postoperative complications were similar. Conclusions: There were no differences in survival or the disease-free interval between the laparoscopy and laparotomy groups. Considering the risks of surgery, laparoscopy is a good alternative to traditional surgery (AU)

Morbimortalidad materna y fetal en pacientes con preeclampsia grave / Morbidity and maternal and fetal mortality in patients with severe preeclampsia

Objetivo. La presencia de preeclampsia, combinación de hipertensión y proteinuria tras la 20 semana de gestación aumenta de una manera notoria el riesgo de mortalidad y morbilidad perinatal y materna. Sujeto y métodos. El objetivo del estudio realizado es conocer los resultados perinatales y la morbimortalidad materna en las mujeres que presentaron una preeclampsia grave en el Complejo Hospitalario de Albacete. Conclusiones. Analizando nuestros resultados, hemos observado que en nuestra muestra la mortalidad, tanto materna como fetal, fue menor que la observada por otros autores y los neonatos de las mujeres que desarrollaron preeclampsia grave que ingresaron en la unidad de cuidados intensivos con eclampsia o síndrome de HELLP tuvieron una mayor morbilidad(AU)

Objective. The presence of preeclampsia, combination of hypertension and proteinuria after 20 weeks of gestation, would noticeably increase the risk of maternal and fetal morbi-mortality. Subject and methods. The objective of the study is to determine the perinatal outcome and maternal morbidity and mortality in women with severe preeclampsia at Albacete hospital. Conclusions. Analyzing our results we observed in our sample both maternal and fetal mortality was lower than that observed by other authors and infants of women who develop severe preeclampsia admitted to the ICU, with eclampsia or HELLP syndrome had a higher morbidity(AU)

Pronóstico y resultados en pacientes diagnosticadas de endometriosis a las que se les ha realizado por primera vez una cirugía conservadora por dolor o esterilidad / Outcomes in patients with endometriosis undergoing a first conservative surgical intervention for pain or infertility

Objetivo: Analizar resultados clínicos en pacientes con sospecha de endometriosis sometidas a cirugía conservadora. Se estudia la disminución del dolor y el logro de gestación, así como las reintervenciones. Material y métodos: Se incluyó a las pacientes con sospecha de endometriosis con clínica de dolor o esterilidad en las que se llevó a cabo una cirugía conservadora por primera vez (n = 128). Se excluyeron las historias incompletas y las intervenciones cuya indicación no fue dolor o esterilidad. Resultados: El 70,3% se interviene por dolor y 29,7%, por esterilidad. En la primera visita posquirúrgica presenta dolor el 32,5%; a los 6 meses, el 42,5%, y al año, el 58,3%. Se reinterviene al 11,29%. Entre las reintervenidas por dolor hay un mayor porcentaje de clínica intestinal previa a la cirugía (p = 0,07), así como de episodios de dolor abdominal, que precisaron atención hospitalaria (p = 0,08) y presentaron dolor en la primera visita (p = 0,05) y al año (p = 0,03) en un porcentaje mayor que las no reintervenidas; recibieron tratamiento médico posquirúrgico en un porcentaje menor (p = 0,11). El 65,8% de las pacientes intervenidas por esterilidad consiguieron gestación. Conclusiones: En la primera visita, se observó un menor porcentaje de pacientes con dolor que en las siguientes. Entre las pacientes reintervenidas por dolor existe un porcentaje mayor de clínica intestinal y de episodios de dolor abdominal previos a la intervención que requirieron atención hospitalaria. El hallazgo de dolor en la primera visita y al año son factores de mal pronóstico para ser reintervenidas. Las pacientes reintervenidas por dolor presentan un menor porcentaje de tratamiento médico posquirúrgico. Más de la mitad de las pacientes con esterilidad y endometriosis han quedado gestantes espontáneamente tras la cirugía (AU)

Objective: To analyze clinical outcomes in patients with suspected endometriosis undergoing conservative surgery. Pain reduction, pregnancy rates, and reinterventions were analyzed. Material and methods: Patients with suspected endometriosis and symptoms of pain or infertility undergoing conservative surgery for the first time were included (n = 128). Exclusion criteria consisted of incomplete medical histories and interventions indicated for reasons other than pain or infertility. Results: Surgery was indicated for pain in 70.3% and for infertility in 29.7%. A total of 32.5% of the patients had pain at the first postsurgical visit, 42.5% at 6 months and 58.3% at 1 year. Reintervention was performed in 11.29%. Among reinterventions for pain, there was a higher percentage of intestinal symptoms before surgery (P=.07), as well as episodes of abdominal pain requiring hospital care (P=.08); a higher proportion of these patients had pain in the first visit (P=.05) and at 1 year (P=.03) than patients not undergoing reintervention. Postsurgical medical treatment was less frequent in patients undergoing reintervention (P=.11). Among patients undergoing surgery for infertility, pregnancy was achieved in 65.8%. Conclusions: Pain was less frequent in the first postsurgical visit than in subsequent visits. Among patients undergoing reintervention for pain, there was a higher percentage of intestinal symptoms and episodes of abdominal pain requiring hospital care prior to the intervention. Pain at the first visit and at 1 year are factors of poor prognosis for reintervention. Patients undergoing reintervention for pain less frequently required postsurgical medical treatment. More than half of patients with interfertility and endometriosis achieved spontaneous pregnancy after surgery (AU)

Pronóstico perinatal y materno de las gestaciones gemelares concebidas mediante fecundación in vitro, en relación con las obtenidas espontáneamente / Perinatal and maternal outcomes in twin pregnancies resulting from in vitro fertilization versus spontaneous conception

Objetivo: Conocer el pronóstico de gestaciones gemelares concebidas mediante fecundación in vitro (GG-FIV) comparado con el de las espontáneas (GGE). Material y métodos: Realizamos un estudio de cohortes históricas en el Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete, durante los años 2001, 2002 y 2003, comparando los resultados neonatales de los embarazos gemelares obtenidos por FIV (n = 44) con gestaciones gemelares espontáneas (n = 109). El resultado principal estudiado es la mortalidad perinatal, y los resultados secundarios son: morbilidad fetal (enfermedad neonatal, Apgar < 7, pH arterial acidótico, ingresos en una unidad neonatal), parto pretérmino, complicaciones maternas y tipo de parto. Resultados: No hay diferencias en la morbimortalidad perinatal entre ambas cohortes. Hay una mayor incidencia de parto pretérmino en el grupo de gestaciones gemelares espontáneas que en las gemelares espontáneas (el 75,2 frente al 52%; p = 0,006). La incidencia de diabetes gestacional es mayor en el grupo de gestaciones por FIV (el 25,5 frente al 9,7%; p = 0,01). Conclusiones: No encontramos diferencias en la morbimortalidad perinatal ni materna de gestaciones gemelares obtenidas mediante FIV en relación con las espontáneas

Objective: To determine the outcomes of twin pregnancies resulting from in vitro fertilization (IVF) compared with those resulting from spontaneous conception. Material and methods: We performed a historical cohort study comparing neonatal outcomes of twin pregnancies resulting from IVF (n = 44) with those resulting from spontaneous conception (n = 109) in the Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete (Spain) in 2001, 2001 and 2003. The primary variable was perinatal mortality. Secondary variables were fetal morbidity (neonatal abnormalities, Apgar < 7, acidotic arterial pH, admission to the neonatal unit), preterm delivery, maternal complications, and type of delivery. Results: No differences in perinatal mortality and morbidity were found between spontaneous twin pregnancies and twins resulting from assisted reproductive techniques. The rate of preterm labor was significantly higher in spontaneous twin pregnancies (75.2 versus 52%; p = 0.006). The incidence of gestational diabetes was significantly higher in twin pregnancies resulting from IVF than in spontaneous twin pregnancies (25.5 versus 9.7%; p = 0.01). Conclusions: Perinatal and maternal outcomes in twin pregnancies resulting from IVF are similar to those of spontaneous twin pregnancies