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5.
Rev. esp. investig. quir ; 24(1): 35-41, 2021. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-219091

RESUMO

La anestesia con éter por vía intravenosa fue una técnica anestésica utilizada en los años iniciales del siglo XX. Tuvo una granaceptación en Alemania. En la década de los sesenta del siglo pasado fue usada en cirugía endoscópica. El éter ha sido utilizadocon éxito para estudiar los tiempos de la circulación portal. (AU)


Intravenous ether anesthesia was an anesthetic technique used in the initial years of the XX century. It was mostly used in Germany.In the sixties decade of the past century it was used for endoscopic surgery. Ether has been used successfully for the study of circulation time of portal circulation. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , História do Século XX , Éter/história , Anestesia/história , Anestesia/métodos , Tempo de Circulação Sanguínea
6.
Rev. esp. investig. quir ; 24(2): 71-82, 2021. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-219158

RESUMO

Sicard y Cathelin en 1901, introducen de manera simultánea la administración sacra de fármacos. En 1919, Läwen fue un gran defensor de la anestesia regional. Gil-Vernet en 1917 describe los fundamentos anatómicos de la técnica de abordaje sacro al espacio epidural. Fidel Pagés Miravé es el verdadero introductor de la anestesia epidural. Su artículo publicado en 1921, Anestesia Metamérica, en la Revista Española de Cirugía, constituye un hito en la historia de la anestesia. Diez años más tarde Dogliotti publica sus resultados, sin citar la aportación de Pagés. La gran mayoría de los historiadores citan a Dogliotti en la bibliografía, ignorando a Pagés. Gutiérrez un cirujano argentino alertó del error histórico y revindicó la aportación original de Pagés. En la actualidad todos los libros de historia de la anestesia reseñan la publicación de Pagés. El anestesiólogo cubano Manuel Martínez Curbelo, introduce en la clínica la anestesia epidural continua. En esta publicación revisamos la historia del abordaje sacro, torácico y lumbar del espacio epidural. Describimos las distintas agujas y catéteres utilizados. En la práctica diaria anestésica la analgesia/anestesia epidural se utiliza en cirugía, analgesia del trabajo del parto, tratamiento del dolor agudo y crónico. (AU)


Sicard and Cathelin in 1901 introduced independently the sacral injection of drugs. In 1910 Läwen was an enthusiastic defender of regional anaesthesia. Gil-Vernet in 1917 introduced new anatomical concepts in epidural sacral approach. Fidel Pagés Mirave was true pioneer of epidural anaesthesia. His publication in 1921, Metameric Anaesthesia, in the Spanish Journal of Surgery is a landmark in the history of world anaesthesia. Ten years later Dogliotti published his experiences with epidural anaesthesia, without anyreference to Pagés’ research. Most medical historians date the regular use of epidural anaesthesia from Dogliotti’s paper, published ten years later, and ignoring Pagés research. Gutierrez a surgeon born in Argentina, recognized the error and promoted the original scientific publication of Pages. Today all the important books of anaesthesia reference the first discoverer of epidural anaesthesia. The Cuban anaesthesiologist Manuel Martinez Curbelo, introduced into clinical practice continuous epidural anaesthesia. In this article we review the history of sacral and thoracic and lumbar approach to the epidural space, its different needles and catheters used in these techniques. Epidural analgesia/ anaesthesia are commonly used in daily practice in surgery, labour pain, and in the treatment of acute and chronic pain. (AU)


Assuntos
História do Século XX , Anestesia Epidural/história , Cirurgia Geral , Trabalho de Parto/efeitos dos fármacos , Dor Aguda , Dor Crônica
10.
Rev. esp. anestesiol. reanim ; 64(8): 460-466, oct. 2017. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-165890

RESUMO

Desde la primera descripción de la técnica epidural en los años 1920, el progreso continuo en el conocimiento de la anatomía y de la fisiología del espacio epidural ha permitido desarrollar diferentes técnicas de localización de este espacio para aumentar tanto la seguridad como la eficacia del procedimiento. Las técnicas más utilizadas hoy en día se basan en las 2 principales propiedades descritas del espacio epidural: la diferencia de distensibilidad entre el ligamento amarillo y el espacio epidural y la existencia de una presión negativa en el espacio epidural. Sin embargo, en los últimos años, la evolución tecnológica ha permitido desarrollar nuevas técnicas de localización basadas en otras propiedades físicas de los tejidos. Algunas de ellas están todavía en una fase experimental, pero otras como las técnicas con ultrasonidos han alcanzado una fase clínica y se está expandiendo su uso en la práctica diaria (AU)


Since the first description of the epidural technique during the 1920s, the continuous progress of knowledge of the anatomy and physiology of the epidural space has allowed the development of different techniques to locate this space while increasing both the safety and efficacy of the procedure. The most common techniques used today are based on the two main characteristics of the epidural space: the difference in distensibility between the ligamentum flavum and the epidural space, and the existence of negative pressure within the epidural space. However, over recent years, technological advances have allowed the development of new techniques to locate the epidural space based on other physical properties of tissues. Some are still in the experimental phase, but others, like ultrasound-location have reached a clinical phase and are being used increasingly in daily practice (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Analgesia Epidural/métodos , Espaço Epidural , Anestesia Intravenosa/métodos , Anestesia Intravenosa , Anestesia/métodos , Anestesia
12.
Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim ; 64(8): 460-466, 2017 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28318532

RESUMO

Since the first description of the epidural technique during the 1920s, the continuous progress of knowledge of the anatomy and physiology of the epidural space has allowed the development of different techniques to locate this space while increasing both the safety and efficacy of the procedure. The most common techniques used today are based on the two main characteristics of the epidural space: the difference in distensibility between the ligamentum flavum and the epidural space, and the existence of negative pressure within the epidural space. However, over recent years, technological advances have allowed the development of new techniques to locate the epidural space based on other physical properties of tissues. Some are still in the experimental phase, but others, like ultrasound-location have reached a clinical phase and are being used increasingly in daily practice.


Assuntos
Espaço Epidural , Espaço Epidural/diagnóstico por imagem , Humanos , Ligamento Amarelo/diagnóstico por imagem , Manometria/instrumentação , Pressão , Cloreto de Sódio , Seringas , Ultrassonografia de Intervenção
13.
Rev. esp. anestesiol. reanim ; 64(2): 95-104, feb. 2017. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-159439

RESUMO

Introducción. El bloqueo neuromuscular facilita la manipulación de la vía aérea, la ventilación y procedimientos quirúrgicos, pero no hay un consenso a nivel nacional que facilite la práctica clínica habitual. El objetivo fue conocer el grado de acuerdo entre anestesiólogos y cirujanos sobre el uso clínico del bloqueo neuromuscular, para establecer recomendaciones de mejora de su empleo durante un procedimiento anestésico-quirúrgico. Métodos. Estudio de consenso multidisciplinar en España, que incluyó anestesiólogos expertos en bloqueo neuromuscular (n=65) y cirujanos generales (n=36). Se utilizó metodología Delphi. Cuestionario con 17 preguntas consensuado por un comité científico, al que respondieron los expertos en dos olas. El cuestionario incluyó preguntas sobre: tipo de cirugía, tipo de paciente, beneficios/perjuicios durante y después de la cirugía, repercusión de la monitorización objetiva y del uso de fármacos reversores, la viabilidad de abordaje multidisciplinar y eficiente del procedimiento quirúrgico, enfocado en el grado de bloqueo neuromuscular. Resultados. Se establecieron cinco recomendaciones: 1) el bloqueo neuromuscular profundo es muy adecuado en cirugía abdominal (grado de acuerdo 94,1%), y 2) en pacientes con obesidad (76,2%); 3) el mantenimiento del bloqueo neuromuscular profundo hasta el final de la cirugía puede ser beneficioso en aspectos clínicos, como inmovilidad del paciente o mejor acceso quirúrgico (86,1 y 72,3%); 4) la monitorización cuantitativa y la disponibilidad de reversores del bloqueo neuromuscular es recomendable (89,1%); 5) se recomiendan protocolos de actuación conjuntos entre anestesiólogos y cirujanos. Conclusiones. La colaboración entre anestesiólogos y cirujanos generales, ha permitido establecer una serie de recomendaciones genéricas sobre el uso de bloqueo neuromuscular profundo en cirugía abdominal (AU)


Introduction. Neuromuscular blockade enables airway management, ventilation and surgical procedures. However there is no national consensus on its routine clinical use. The objective was to establish the degree of agreement among anaesthesiologists and general surgeons on the clinical use of neuromuscular blockade in order to make recommendations to improve its use during surgical procedures. Methods. Multidisciplinary consensus study in Spain. Anaesthesiologists experts in neuromuscular blockade management (n=65) and general surgeons (n=36) were included. Delphi methodology was selected. A survey with 17 final questions developed by a dedicated scientific committee was designed. The experts answered the successive questions in two waves. The survey included questions on: type of surgery, type of patient, benefits/harm during and after surgery, impact of objective neuromuscular monitoring and use of reversal drugs, viability of a multidisciplinary and efficient approach to the whole surgical procedure, focussing on the level of neuromuscular blockade. Results. Five recommendations were agreed: 1) deep neuromuscular blockade is very appropriate for abdominal surgery (degree of agreement 94.1%), 2) and in obese patients (76.2%); 3) deep neuromuscular blockade maintenance until end of surgery might be beneficial in terms of clinical aspects, such as as immobility or better surgical access (86.1 to 72.3%); 4) quantitative monitoring and reversal drugs availability is recommended (89.1%); finally 5) anaesthesiologists/surgeons joint protocols are recommended. Conclusions. Collaboration among anaesthesiologists and surgeons has enabled some general recommendations to be established on deep neuromuscular blockade use during abdominal surgery (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Consenso , Bloqueio Neuromuscular/instrumentação , Bloqueio Neuromuscular/métodos , Bloqueio Neuromuscular , Anestesia Geral/métodos , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos do Sistema Digestório/métodos , Relaxamento Muscular , Avaliação de Eficácia-Efetividade de Intervenções , Relaxantes Musculares Centrais/uso terapêutico , Monitorização Intraoperatória/métodos , Monitoramento de Medicamentos/métodos
14.
Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim ; 64(2): 95-104, 2017 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27692692

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Neuromuscular blockade enables airway management, ventilation and surgical procedures. However there is no national consensus on its routine clinical use. The objective was to establish the degree of agreement among anaesthesiologists and general surgeons on the clinical use of neuromuscular blockade in order to make recommendations to improve its use during surgical procedures. METHODS: Multidisciplinary consensus study in Spain. Anaesthesiologists experts in neuromuscular blockade management (n=65) and general surgeons (n=36) were included. Delphi methodology was selected. A survey with 17 final questions developed by a dedicated scientific committee was designed. The experts answered the successive questions in two waves. The survey included questions on: type of surgery, type of patient, benefits/harm during and after surgery, impact of objective neuromuscular monitoring and use of reversal drugs, viability of a multidisciplinary and efficient approach to the whole surgical procedure, focussing on the level of neuromuscular blockade. RESULTS: Five recommendations were agreed: 1) deep neuromuscular blockade is very appropriate for abdominal surgery (degree of agreement 94.1%), 2) and in obese patients (76.2%); 3) deep neuromuscular blockade maintenance until end of surgery might be beneficial in terms of clinical aspects, such as as immobility or better surgical access (86.1 to 72.3%); 4) quantitative monitoring and reversal drugs availability is recommended (89.1%); finally 5) anaesthesiologists/surgeons joint protocols are recommended. CONCLUSIONS: Collaboration among anaesthesiologists and surgeons has enabled some general recommendations to be established on deep neuromuscular blockade use during abdominal surgery.


Assuntos
Bloqueio Neuromuscular/métodos , Adulto , Anestesiologia , Contraindicações de Procedimentos , Recuperação Demorada da Anestesia/prevenção & controle , Técnica Delphi , Prova Pericial , Feminino , Cirurgia Geral , Humanos , Consciência no Peroperatório/prevenção & controle , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Bloqueio Neuromuscular/efeitos adversos , Bloqueio Neuromuscular/normas , Bloqueadores Neuromusculares/administração & dosagem , Bloqueadores Neuromusculares/efeitos adversos , Monitoração Neuromuscular , Médicos/psicologia
15.
Rev. esp. anestesiol. reanim ; 63(9): 519-527, nov. 2016. graf, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-157247

RESUMO

El Ministerio de Sanidad (MSSSI) aprobó (abril de 2013) el proyecto denominado «Compromiso por la Calidad de las Sociedades Científicas en España», en respuesta a la demanda social y profesional por la sostenibilidad del sistema de salud. La iniciativa se enmarca en las actividades de la Red Española de Agencias de Evaluación de Tecnologías y Prestaciones, del Sistema Nacional de Salud, y está coordinado de forma conjunta por la Subdirección General de Calidad y Cohesión, por el Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud (IACS), y por la Sociedad Española de Medicina Interna (SEMI). A este Proyecto se han incorporado todas las sociedades científicas de nuestro país, y su objetivo principal es disminuir la utilización de intervenciones sanitarias innecesarias, con el fin de acordar recomendaciones de «no hacer», basadas en la evidencia científica. Nuestro objetivo primario fue identificar intervenciones que no han demostrado eficacia, tienen efectividad escasa o dudosa, no son coste-efectivas o no son prioritarias. Los objetivos secundarios fueron: la reducción de la variabilidad en la práctica clínica, la difusión entre médicos y pacientes para orientar en la toma de decisiones, el uso adecuado de los recursos sanitarios y, por último, la promoción de la seguridad clínica y la reducción de la iatrogenia. El proceso de selección de las 5 recomendaciones de «no hacer» se realizó mediante la metodología Delphi. 25 panelistas (todo anestesiólogos) eligieron entre 15 propuestas basadas en: evidencia de calidad que la sustenta, relevancia o impacto clínico de la misma y población a la que afecta. Las 5 recomendaciones propuestas fueron: No mantener niveles profundos de sedación en pacientes críticos sin una indicación específica; No realizar radiografía preoperatoria de tórax en pacientes menores de 40 años con estado físico ASA I o II; No realizar, de manera sistemática, pruebas preoperatorias en cirugía de cataratas, salvo indicación basada en historia clínica y exploración física; No programar cirugía electiva con riesgo de hemorragia en pacientes con anemia hasta realizar estudio diagnóstico y tratamiento adecuados; y No realizar pruebas de laboratorio (hemograma, bioquímica y estudio de coagulación) en pacientes sanos o con enfermedad sistémica leve (ASA I y II) previo a cirugías de bajo riesgo, con pérdida estimada de sangre mínima (AU)


In April 2013 the Ministry of Health (MSSSI) adopted the project called «Commitment to Quality by Scientific Societies in Spain», in response to social and professional demands for sustainability of the health system. The initiative is part of the activities of the Spanish Network of Agencies for Health Technology Assessment and Services of the National Health System, and is coordinated jointly by the Quality and Cohesion Department, the Aragon Institute of Health Sciences (IACS), and the Spanish Society of Internal Medicine (SEMI). All the scientific societies in Spain have been included in this project, and its main objective is to reduce the unnecessary use of health interventions in order to agree «do not do» recommendations, based on scientific evidence. The primary objective was to identify interventions that have not proven effective, have limited or doubtful effectiveness, are not cost-effective, or do not have priority. Secondary objectives were: reducing variability in clinical practice, to spread information between doctors and patients to guide decision-making, the appropriate use of health resources and, the promotion of clinical safety and reducing iatrogenesis. The selection process of the 5 «do not do» recommendations was made by Delphi methodology. A total of 25 panellists (all anaesthesiologists) chose between 15 proposals based on: evidence that supports quality, relevance, or clinical impact, and the people they affect. The 5 recommendations proposed were: Do not maintain deep levels of sedation in critically ill patients without a specific indication; Do not perform preoperative chest radiography in patients under 40 years-old with ASA physical status I or II; Do not systematically perform preoperative tests in cataract surgery unless otherwise indicated based on clinical history and physical examination; Do not perform elective surgery in patients with anaemia at risk of bleeding until a diagnostic workup is performed and treatment is given; and not perform laboratory tests (blood count, biochemistry and coagulation) prior to surgery in healthy or low risk patients (ASA I and II) with minimal estimated blood loss (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Conferências de Consenso como Assunto , Sociedades Médicas/organização & administração , Sociedades Médicas/normas , Anestesia/ética , Anestesia/métodos , Anestesia/normas , Sociedades Científicas/legislação & jurisprudência , Sociedades Científicas/organização & administração , Sociedades Científicas/normas , Constituição e Estatutos
16.
Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim ; 63(9): 519-527, 2016 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27418334

RESUMO

In April 2013 the Ministry of Health (MSSSI) adopted the project called "Commitment to Quality by Scientific Societies in Spain", in response to social and professional demands for sustainability of the health system. The initiative is part of the activities of the Spanish Network of Agencies for Health Technology Assessment and Services of the National Health System, and is coordinated jointly by the Quality and Cohesion Department, the Aragon Institute of Health Sciences (IACS), and the Spanish Society of Internal Medicine (SEMI). All the scientific societies in Spain have been included in this project, and its main objective is to reduce the unnecessary use of health interventions in order to agree "do not do" recommendations, based on scientific evidence. The primary objective was to identify interventions that have not proven effective, have limited or doubtful effectiveness, are not cost-effective, or do not have priority. Secondary objectives were: reducing variability in clinical practice, to spread information between doctors and patients to guide decision-making, the appropriate use of health resources and, the promotion of clinical safety and reducing iatrogenesis. The selection process of the 5 "do not do" recommendations was made by Delphi methodology. A total of 25 panellists (all anaesthesiologists) chose between 15 proposals based on: evidence that supports quality, relevance, or clinical impact, and the people they affect. The 5 recommendations proposed were: Do not maintain deep levels of sedation in critically ill patients without a specific indication; Do not perform preoperative chest radiography in patients under 40 years-old with ASA physical status I or II; Do not systematically perform preoperative tests in cataract surgery unless otherwise indicated based on clinical history and physical examination; Do not perform elective surgery in patients with anaemia at risk of bleeding until a diagnostic workup is performed and treatment is given; and not perform laboratory tests (blood count, biochemistry and coagulation) prior to surgery in healthy or low risk patients (ASA I and II) with minimal estimated blood loss.


Assuntos
Anestesiologia , Cuidados Críticos , Sociedades Científicas , Humanos , Dor , Guias de Prática Clínica como Assunto , Qualidade da Assistência à Saúde , Espanha
18.
Actual. anestesiol. reanim ; 22(4): 9-12[4], oct.-dic. 2012. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-112863

RESUMO

La miocardiopatía periparto es una cardiomiopatía dilatada, acompañada de insuficiencia cardiaca secundaria a disfunción ventricular izquierda, que se presenta entre el último trimestre del embarazo y los 5 primeros meses posteriores al parto, y cuya etiología es desconocida. Constituye un reto para el anestesiólogo, debido al riesgo de descompensación hemodinámica de la paciente, principalmente en el parto o cesárea. Se recomienda realizar buen control del dolor por lo que la anestesia regional es la mejor opción. Presentamos el caso de una mujer, secundigesta, quien desarrolla una insuficiencia cardiaca descompensada posterior a ser intervenida de cesárea, con favorable respuesta al tratamiento y recuperación parcial de la función ventricular a los 3 meses después del parto (AU)


The peripartum cardiomiopathy is a dilated myocardiopathy associated with cardiac failure as a consequence of a left ventricular dysfunction. It is usually occurs between the last trimester of pregnancy and 5 months after delivery, its’ etiology being still unknown. The management of such patients is a challenge for anesthesiologists due to the risk of hemodynamic instability during labor or cesarean section. For this reason a good control of pain is recommended, and regional anesthesia is the best option. We present the case of a woman at the end of her second pregnancy who developed a decompensated cardiac failure after a cesarean section. The instauration of Afterwards she improves as a result of the treatment and partially recovers her left ventricular functionality 3months postpartum (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez , Cardiomiopatia Dilatada/complicações , Insuficiência Cardíaca/complicações , /complicações , Complicações do Trabalho de Parto , Anestesia por Condução , Cesárea
19.
Actual. anestesiol. reanim ; 22(3): 5-10[3], jul.-sept. 2012.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-106538

RESUMO

Para lograr una hemostasia eficaz son necesarios niveles adecuados de fibrinógeno. El fibrinógeno es el primer factor del plasma en deplecionarse en la hemorragia, facilita la agregación plaquetaria y cuando se activa mediante la trombina, forma polímeros de fibrina, que son la base de la formación del coágulo. La fluidoterapia en la hemorragia grave diluye los factores de la coagulación facilitando la aparición de una coagulopatía. Los valores de fibrinógeno plasmático predicen la hemorragia perioperatoria. Podemos aportar fibrinógeno mediante plasma fresco congelado, crioprecipitados y concentrado de fibrinógeno. El fibrinógeno no requiere pruebas de compatibilidad para su administración y se administra con rapidez. Las guías europeas de hemorragia recomiendan la administración de fibrinógeno en los traumatismos con hemorragia grave, siempre que el tromboelastograma muestre déficit del mismo y/o los niveles plasmáticos de fibrinógeno sean inferiores a 2 g/l. Revisiones retrospectivas de traumatismos con hemorragia sugieren que la administración de fibrinógeno con/sin complejo protombínico y guiadas por el tromboelastograma, reduce la tasa transfusional. El plasma fresco congelado contiene aproximadamente 2 g/l de fibrinógeno, por lo que se requiere un volumen importante de plasma. El crioprecipitado es un producto derivado del plasma, que contiene unas concentraciones de fibrinógeno más elevadas. La dosis más habitual administrada es de 2-4 g. El fibrinógeno es un fármaco seguro(AU)


To achieve effective hemostasis it is needed an adequate level of fibrinogen. Fibrinogen is the first factor in getting low levels in plasma in case of severe hemorrhage, and platelet aggregation is facilitated and when fibrinogen is activated by thrombin, fibrin polymers can be formed, which is the basis of clot formation. The dilution with intravenous fluids in severe bleeding affects coagulation factors facilitating the development of a coagulopathy. Plasma fibrinogen levels can predict perioperative bleeding. We can provide fibrinogen with fresh frozen plasma, cryoprecipitate and fibrinogen concentrate. Fibrinogen does not require compatibility testing for its administration and it can be administered quickly. European guidelines recommend administration of fibrinogen in patients with severe haemorrhage secondary to a bleeding trauma, whenever the thromboelastogram parameters show its deficit and / or plasma fibrinogen levels are less than 2 g / L. Retrospective reviews of trauma with bleeding suggest that administration of fibrinogen with / without prothrombin complex and reposition guided by thromboelastography, reduces transfusion rate. Fresh frozen plasma contains about 2 g / l of fibrinogen, so it requires a large volume of plasma to increase plasmatic levels significatively. The cryoprecipitate is a plasma derived product, which contains a high fibrinogen concentration. The usual dose administered is from 2-4 g. Fibrinogen is a safe drug (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Transtornos da Coagulação Sanguínea/tratamento farmacológico , Fibrinogênio/administração & dosagem , Perda Sanguínea Cirúrgica/prevenção & controle , Hemostáticos/uso terapêutico , Trombina/fisiologia , Hemostasia Cirúrgica/métodos , Transfusão de Sangue
20.
Actual. anestesiol. reanim ; 22(2): 13-15[2], abr.-jun. 2012.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-101635

RESUMO

La hemorragia postparto (PPH) es la causa más frecuente de muerte materna en el mundo. En estas situaciones de hemorragia obstétrica (HO), se requiere una reanimación volémica agresiva y transfusión de sangre alogénica. Sin embargo, esta actuación puede derivar en la aparición de coagulopatía dilucional. La hipofibrinogenemia es común en la HO y en la PPH, particularmente en el contexto de una coagulopatía de consumo, como la que existe en la abruptioplacentae. Además, la transfusión de concentrado de hematíes (CH) y la administración de cristaloides y coloides contribuye a la aparición de una coagulopatía por dilución adicional de los factores de coagulación. La administración de fibrinógeno, en combinación con otros productos sanguíneos, puede contribuir a controlar la hemorragia. En la HO, la depleción de fibrinógeno ocurre de forma más precoz que la de otros factores o de plaquetas. Para aumentar la concentración de fibrinógeno plasmático en 1 g/l, es necesario administrar aproximadamente 1 l de plasma fresco congelado (PFC) o 260 ml de crioprecipitado. La principal ventaja de la administración de fibrinógeno, sobre el PFC y el crioprecipitado, es que puede administrarse rápidamente en bolos de pequeño volumen, consiguiendo un aumento de los niveles plasmáticos rápidamente. Se puede administrar PFC conjuntamente a fibrinógeno, pero las necesidades de PFC parecen ser menores cuando se utiliza fibrinógeno. Se recomienda la monitorización de la concentración plasmática de fibrinógeno durante el curso de una HO, dado que además de predecir de forma bastante fiable el riesgo de HO masiva, puede servir de guía útil de la reposición durante el episodio(AU)


Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is the most common cause of maternal death in the world. In obstetric hemorrhage (HO), it is required aggressive volemic resuscitation and transfusion of allogeneic blood. However, this action may result in the development of dilutional coagulopathy. Hypofibrinogenemia is common in the HO and the PPH, particularly in the context of a consumptive coagulopathy, such as exists in the abruptio placenta. Furthermore, transfusion of packed red blood cells (CH) and administration of crystalloids and colloids contributes to the development of a coagulopathy due to further dilution of coagulation factors. The administration of fibrinogen, in combination with other blood products, may help to control bleeding. In HO, fibrinogen depletion occurs at an earlier time than other factors or platelet. To increase the concentration of plasma fibrinogen in 1 g/l, it is necessary to administer about 1 liter of fresh frozen plasma (PFC) or 260 ml of cryoprecipitate. The main advantage of the administration of fibrinogen on the PFC and cryoprecipitate can be administered quickly in a small-volume bolus, achieving an increase in plasma levels quickly. PFC may be given jointly to fibrinogen, but the needs of PFC appear to be lower when using fibrinogen. Periodic monitoring of plasma fibrinogen concentration during the course of HO, as well as fairly reliably predict the risk of massive HO, can serve as a useful guide to the replacement during the episode(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Hemorragia Pós-Parto/tratamento farmacológico , Hemorragia Pós-Parto/prevenção & controle , Transplante Homólogo/métodos , Transplante Homólogo/tendências , Transtornos da Coagulação Sanguínea/complicações , Hemorragia Pós-Parto/mortalidade , Anestesiologia/métodos , Anestesiologia/tendências
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