Eupatilin suppresses osteoclastogenesis and periodontal bone loss by inhibiting the MAPKs/Siglec-15 pathway.

Periodontitis is a widely prevalent oral disease around the world characterized by the disruption of the periodontal ligament and the subsequent development of periodontal pockets, as well as the loss of alveolar bone, and may eventually lead to tooth loss. This research aims to assess the suppressive impact of Eupatilin, a flavone obtained from Artemisia argyi, on osteoclastogenesis in vitro and periodontitis in vivo. We found that Eupatilin can efficiently obstruct the differentiation of Raw264.7 and bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) induced by RANKL, leading to the formation of mature osteoclasts. Consistently, bone slice resorption assay showed that Eupatilin significantly inhibited osteoclast-mediated bone resorption in a dose-dependent manner. Eupatilin also downregulated the expression of osteoclast-specific genes and proteins in Raw264.7 and BMDMs. RNA sequencing showed that Eupatilin notably downregulated the expression of Siglec-15. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses identified significantly enriched pathways in DEGs, including MAPK signaling pathway. And further mechanistic investigations confirmed that Eupatilin repressed MAPKs/NF-κBsignaling pathways. It was found that Siglec-15 overexpression reversed the inhibitory impact of Eupatilin on the differentiation of osteoclasts. Furthermore, activating MAPK signaling pathway reversed the downregulation of Siglec-15 and the inhibition of osteoclastogenesis by Eupatilin. To sum up, Eupatilin reduced the expression of Siglec-15 by suppressing MAPK signaling pathway, ultimately leading to the inhibition of osteoclastogenesis. Meanwhile, Eupatilin suppressed the alveolar bone resorption caused by experimentalperiodontitis in vivo. Eupatilin exhibits potential therapeutic effects in the treatment of periodontitis, rendering it a promising pharmaceutical agent.

Codonopsis pilosula polysaccharides (CPP) intervention alleviates sterigmatocystin (STC)-induced liver injury and gut microbiota dysbiosis.

Codonopsis pilosula polysaccharides (CPP), the main active ingredient of Codonopsis pilosula, has gained significant attention as a liver-protective agent. Previous studies have demonstrated that CPP could alleviate gut microbiota dysbiosis in colitis or obese mice. However, the effects of CPP on mycotoxin-induced liver injury and gut microbiota dysbiosis are still poorly understood. In this study, we aimed to investigate the protective effects of CPP on sterigmatocystin (STC)-induced liver injury, as well as its regulatory effects on gut microbiota. Our results revealed that CPP intervention significantly alleviated STC-induced liver injury, as evidenced by decreased liver index, reduced liver histopathological changes, and modulation of related molecular markers. Additionally, we found that CPP could alleviate liver injury by reducing liver inflammation and oxidative stress, inhibiting hepatocyte apoptosis, and regulating lipid metabolism. Notably, we also observed that CPP could alleviate STC-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis by modulating the diversity and richness of gut microbiota, suggesting that gut microbiota modulation may also serve as a mechanism for CPP-mediated remission of liver injury. In summary, our study not only provided a new theoretical basis for understanding the hepatotoxicity of STC and the protective effects of CPP against STC-induced liver injury, but also provided new perspectives for the application of CPP in the fields of food, healthcare products, and medicine.

Recent progress in hair follicle stem cell markers and their regulatory roles.

Hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) in the bulge are a multipotent adult stem cell population. They can periodically give rise to new HFs and even regenerate the epidermis and sebaceous glands during wound healing. An increasing number of biomarkers have been used to isolate, label, and trace HFSCs in recent years. Considering more detailed data from single-cell transcriptomics technology, we mainly focus on the important HFSC molecular markers and their regulatory roles in this review.

Reversibly immortalization establishes a hair follicle stem cell line with hair follicle reconstruction ability.

Hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) play critical roles in the periodic regeneration of hair follicles. HFSCs are also a good model for stem cell biology research. However, no stable mouse HFSC cell line has been reported, which restricts the research and application of HFSCs. We isolated HFSCs from mouse hair follicles and immortalized them by inducing a reversible SV40 large T antigen. Through monoclonal screening, we identified a reversibly immortalized cell line, immortalized HFSC (iHFSC2). RNA sequencing, fluorescence-activated cell sorting, western blotting and immunofluorescence experiments revealed that the expression patterns of iHFSC2 and HFSC were similar at the protein and mRNA levels. After that, iHFSC2s were passaged and morphologically monitored for up to 40 times to detect their long-term culture potential. The long-term cultured iHFSC2 could regenerate hair follicles with complete hair follicle structure and HFSCs in the bulge area. This work successfully established an HFSC cell line with the ability of hair follicle reconstruction.

Wnt4 increases the thickness of the epidermis in burn wounds by activating canonical Wnt signalling and decreasing the cell junctions between epidermal cells.

Background: Burn wound healing is a complex process and the role of Wnt ligands varies in this process. Whether and how Wnt4 functions in burn wound healing is not well understood. In this study, we aim to reveal the effects and potential mechanisms of Wnt4 in burn wound healing. Methods: First, the expression of Wnt4 during burn wound healing was determined by immunofluorescence, Western blotting and qPCR. Then, Wnt4 was overexpressed in burn wounds. The healing rate and healing quality were analysed by gross photography and haematoxyline and eosin staining. Collagen secretion was observed by Masson staining. Vessel formation and fibroblast distribution were observed by immunostaining. Next, Wnt4 was knocked down in HaCaT cells. The migration of HaCaT cells was analysed by scratch healing and transwell assays. Next, the expression of ß-catenin was detected by Western blotting and immunofluorescence. The binding of Frizzled2 and Wnt4 was detected by coimmunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence. Finally, the molecular changes induced by Wnt4 were analysed by RNA sequencing, immunofluorescence, Western blotting and qPCR in HaCaT cells and burn wound healing tissues. Results: The expression of Wnt4 was enhanced in burn wound skin. Overexpression of Wnt4 in burn wound skin increased the thickness of epidermis. Collagen secretion, vessel formation and fibroblast distribution were not significantly impacted by Wnt4 overexpression. When Wnt4 was knocked down in HaCaT cells, the ratio of proliferating cells decreased, the ratio of apoptotic cells increased and the ratio of the healing area in the scratch healing assay to the number of migrated cells in the transwell assay decreased. The nuclear translocation of ß-catenin decreased in shRNA of Wnt4 mediated by lentivirus-treated HaCaT cells and increased in Wnt4-overexpressing epidermal cells. RNA-sequencing analysis revealed that cell junction-related signalling pathways were significantly impacted by Wnt4 knockdown. The expression of the cell junction proteins was decreased by the overexpression of Wnt4. Conclusions: Wnt4 promoted the migration of epidermal cells. Overexpression of Wnt4 increased the thickness of the burn wound. A potential mechanism for this effect is that Wnt4 binds with Frizzled2 and increases the nuclear translocation of ß-catenin, thus activating the canonical Wnt signalling pathway and decreasing the cell junction between epidermal cells.

Anti-Porphyromonas gingivalis nanotherapy for maintaining bacterial homeostasis in periodontitis.

Periodontitis is caused by oral flora imbalance, which leads to immune imbalance. Porphyromonas gingivalis is a keystone pathogen in periodontitis, causing the blooming of inflammophilic microbes, and becoming dormant to resist antibiotics. Targeted interventions are needed to destroy this pathogen and collapse its inflammophilic flora. Therefore, a targeting nanoagent antibody-conjugated liposomal drug carrier with ginsenoside Rh2 (A-L-R) was developed for pleiotropic benefits. A-L-R showed high quality in high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and transmission electron microscope (TEM) detection. Only P. gingivalis was influenced by A-L-R, as shown by live/dead cell staining and a series of antimicrobial effects assays. With fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) staining and in propidium monoazide-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PMA-qPCR), the clearance of P. gingivalis by A-L-R was more than for other groups, and only the proportion of P. gingivalis was reduced by A-L-R in monospecies culture. Moreover, in a periodontitis model, A-L-R targeted P. gingivalis with high efficiency and low toxicity, maintaining homeostasis with a relatively stable oral microflora. This targeting nanomedicine offers new strategies for periodontitis therapy, providing a foundation for the prevention and treatment of periodontitis.

Influence of power generation period on the oily sludge bio-electrical system.

The single-chamber bio-electrical systems can degrade oily sludge in sediments while generating electricity from the microbial fuel cells (MFCs) and their characteristics in energy and environmental effects have attracted wide international attention in recent years. To explore the influence of the power generation period on the oily sludge bio-electrical system, an oily sludge bio-electrical system was constructed. The output voltage, polarization curve, power density curve, crude oil removal rate and microflora were detected during different power generation periods, respectively. The results of this study showed that under the stable power generation period, the power generation and oily sludge degradation performance of MFC are higher than the voltage rise period and voltage attenuation period. Besides, the oily sludge bio-electrical system during the stable period contained more electricity-producing bacteria than the other two periods. The voltage in the stable period of oily sludge bio-electrical system is about 280 mV, the electromotive force is 493.1 mV and the power density is 134.93 mW·m-3. It lays a foundation for the improvement of degradation of crude oil and power generation performance in oily sludge bio-electrical system.

An electricity-generating bacterium separated from oil sludge microbial fuel cells and its environmental adaptability.

Electricity-generating bacteria as biocatalysts for microbial fuel cells (MFCs), their species, and power generation performance determine the pollution control and power generation performance of MFCs. And there are few studies on the types and performance of electricity-generating bacteria isolated from oily sludge microbial fuel cells. For improving the power generation performance of oily sludge MFCs, an electricity-generating bacterium was isolated from the oily sludge. More importantly, the adaptability of nitrogen to phosphorus ratio, temperature, and pH of the electricity-generating bacteria were adjusted by a controlled variable method. The results of this study showed that the electricity-generating bacterium was identified as Bacillus cereus, with a rod-shaped cell, about 0.5-1.0 µm in length. The optimal nitrogen-phosphorus ratio, temperature, and pH of MFCs were 4.67:1, 25 ℃, and pH = 7, respectively. Its maximum power density, COD, and oil removal rate was up to 65 mW·m-3, 90.51%, and 87.76%, respectively. The study of this functional bacterium will provide beneficial assistance for the improvement of oil removal and power generation performance of oily sludge MFCs.

Profiling the oral microbiomes in patients with Alzheimer's disease.

OBJECTIVES: To analyse the characteristics of the oral microbiomes and expected to find biomarkers about Alzheimer's disease (AD). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: AD patients (n = 26) and cognitive intact people (n = 26) were examined for cognition, depression, oral health and collected saliva and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) in the morning. Full-length 16S rRNA gene was amplified and sequencing was performed using the PacBio platform. RESULTS: The predominant bacterium of salivary microbiome and periodontal microbiome from AD patients was Streptococcus oralis and Porphyromonas gingivalis, respectively. With respect to ß diversity analysis, there was a significance difference in periodontal microbiome between AD patients and cognitively intact subjects. The relative abundance of Veillonella parvula significantly increased in oral microbiomes from AD patients. Interestingly, the dominant species were different between early-onset AD and late-onset AD patients. Moreover, the predominant species were changed as the clinical severity of AD. Furthermore, the correlation analysis revealed that V. parvula was associated with AD in both saliva and GCF and that P. gingivalis was associated with AD only in GCF. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, the microbiome community of oral microbes was altered in AD patients and periodontal microbiome was sensitive to cognition changes. Moreover, V. parvula and P. gingivalis were associated with AD.

Effect of balance training on aerobics teaching for university students / Efeito do treinamento de equilíbrio no ensino de aeróbica para universitários / Efecto del entrenamiento de equilibrio en la enseñanza del aeróbic a estudiantes universitarios

ABSTRACT Introduction: Among the known benefits of aerobics gymnastics are flexibility, motor coordination improvement, weight loss, and balance improvement. The balance capacity is very important for aerobics students, and it is believed that introducing a complementary protocol can bring greater benefits to the performance of its practitioners. Objective: Explore the effects of balance training on university students practicing aerobics. Methods: A 9-week experiment was conducted employing 100 college aerobics students. The volunteers were divided into two groups without statistical differences. Balance training was added to the experimental group, while the control group remained with daily teaching practice. Results: The push-up score increased from 2.27±0.45 to 2.73±0.46, the body rotation score was from 1.87±0.35 to 2.40±0.51, and the squat score was from 2.53±0.52 to 3.03±0.30. While the aerobic ability of college students in the experimental group was effectively improved, no significant changes were observed in the control group data. Conclusion: Balance training can effectively improve college students' ability, leading to improvement in teaching aerobics to college students. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMO Introdução: Entre os benefícios da ginástica aeróbica conhecidos estão a flexibilidade, aprimoramento da coordenação motora, perda de peso, e a melhora no equilíbrio. A capacidade de equilíbrio é muito importante para os estudantes de aeróbica e acredita-se que a introdução de um protocolo complementar possa trazer maiores benefícios no desempenho de seus praticantes. Objetivo: Explorar os efeitos do treinamento de equilíbrio em estudantes universitários praticantes de aeróbica. Métodos: Uma experiência de 9 semanas foi realizada empregando 100 estudantes universitários de aeróbica, os voluntários foram divididos em dois grupos sem diferenças estatísticas. Ao grupo experimental foi adicionado um treino de equilíbrio, enquanto o grupo de controle permaneceu com a prática de ensino cotidiana. Resultados: A pontuação no push-up elevou-se de 2,27±0.45 para 2,73±0,46, a pontuação da rotação corporal foi de 1,87±0,35 para 2,40±0,51, e a pontuação em agachamento foi de 2,53±0,52 para 3,03±0,30. Enquanto a habilidade aeróbica dos estudantes universitários no grupo experimental foi efetivamente aperfeiçoada, não foram observadas alterações significativas nos dados do grupo de controle. Conclusão: O treinamento de equilíbrio pode efetivamente melhorar a habilidade dos estudantes universitários, conduzindo à melhoria do processo de ensino de aeróbica para universitários. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción: Entre los beneficios conocidos de la gimnasia aeróbica están la flexibilidad, mejora de la coordinación motora, pérdida de peso, y el progreso en el equilibrio. La capacidad de equilibrio es muy importante para los alumnos de aeróbic y se cree que la introducción de un protocolo complementario puede aportar más beneficios en el rendimiento de sus practicantes. Objetivo: Explorar los efectos del entrenamiento del equilibrio en estudiantes universitarios que practican aeróbic. Métodos: Se realizó un experimento de 9 semanas en el que participaron 100 estudiantes universitarios de aeróbic, los voluntarios se dividieron en dos grupos sin diferencias estadísticas. Se añadió entrenamiento de equilibrio al grupo experimental, mientras que el grupo de control permaneció con la práctica docente diaria. Resultados: La puntuación de la flexión de brazos aumentó de 2,27±0,45 a 2,73±0,46, la puntuación de la rotación corporal fue de 1,87±0,35 a 2,40±0,51, y la puntuación de la sentadilla fue de 2,53±0,52 a 3,03±0,30. Mientras que la capacidad aeróbica de los estudiantes universitarios del grupo experimental mejoró eficazmente, no se observaron cambios significativos en los datos del grupo de control. Conclusión: El entrenamiento del equilibrio puede mejorar eficazmente la capacidad de los estudiantes universitarios, lo que conduce a la mejora del proceso de enseñanza del aeróbic para estudiantes universitarios. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

The dynamic communities of oral microbiome in neonates.

The oral microbiome, associated with both oral disease and systemic disease, is in dynamic status along the whole life, and many factors including maternal microbiomes could impact the oral microbiome. While fewer studies have been conducted to study the characteristics of the oral microbiome in neonates and the associated maternal factors. Hence, we collected the microbiome of 15 mother-infant pairs across multiple body sites from birth up to 4 days postpartum and used high-throughput sequencing to characterize the microbiomes in mothers and their neonates. The oral microbiome in the neonates changed obviously during the 4 days after birth. Many bacteria originating from the vagina, skin, and environment disappeared in oral cavity over time, such as Prevotella bivia and Prevotella jejuni. Meanwhile, Staphylococcus epidermidis RP62A phage SP-beta, predominate bacterium in maternal skin microbiome and Streptococcus unclassified, main bacterium in vaginal microbiome, obviously increased in neonatal oral microbiome as time went on. Interestingly, as time progressed, the composition of the oral microbiome in the neonates was more similar to that of the milk microbiome in their mothers. Moreover, we found that the changes in the predominant bacteria in the neonates were in line with those in the neonates exposed to the environment. Together, these data described the sharp dynamics of the oral microbiome in neonates and the importance of maternal efforts in the development of the neonatal microbiome.

Construction of a ferroptosis-related signature based on seven lncRNAs for prognosis and immune landscape in clear cell renal cell carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Recent studies have demonstrated that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in regulating tumor cell ferroptosis. However, prognostic signatures based on ferroptosis-related lncRNAs (FRLs) and their relationship to the immune microenvironment have not been comprehensively explored in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). METHODS: In the present study, the expression profiles of ccRCC were acquired from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database; 459 patient specimens and 69 adjacent normal tissues were randomly separated into training or validation cohorts at a 7:3 ratio. We identified 7 FRLs that constitute a prognostic signature according to the differential analysis, correlation analysis, univariate regression, and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox analysis. To identify the independence of risk score as a prognostic factor, univariate and multivariate regression analyses were also performed. Furthermore, CIBERSORT was conducted to analyze the immune infiltration of patients in the high-risk and low-risk groups. Subsequently, the differential expression of immune checkpoint and m6A genes was analyzed in the two risk groups. RESULTS: A 7-FRLs prognostic signature of ccRCC was developed to distinguish patients into high-risk and low-risk groups with significant survival differences. This signature has great prognostic performance, with the area under the curve (AUC) for 1, 3, and 5 years of 0.713, 0.700, 0.726 in the training set and 0.727, 0.667, and 0.736 in the testing set, respectively. Moreover, this signature was significantly associated with immune infiltration. Correlation analysis showed that risk score was positively correlated with regulatory T cells (Tregs), activated CD4 memory T cells, CD8 T cells and follicular helper T cells, whereas it was inversely correlated with monocytes and M2 macrophages. In addition, the expression of fourteen immune checkpoint genes and nine m6A-related genes varied significantly between the two risk groups. CONCLUSION: We established a novel FRLs-based prognostic signature for patients with ccRCC, containing seven lncRNAs with precise predictive performance. The FRLs prognostic signature may play a significant role in antitumor immunity and provide a promising idea for individualized targeted therapy for patients with ccRCC.

Effect of the Anode Structure on the Performance of Oily Sludge Sediment Microbial Fuel Cells.

The anode is considered to be a key factor to improve the single-chamber bioelectrochemical system's efficiency to degrade oily sludge in sediment while generating electricity. There are few studies on the effect of the anode structure on the performance of oily sludge MFCs systematically. In this paper, an oily sludge bioelectrical system was constructed using carbon felt and carbon plate as anode materials, adjusting the anode material arrangement as transverse and longitudinal, and using different anode materials from single to sextuple anodes. The results of this study showed that the rate of degradation of oily sludge was greater with carbon felt (17.04%) than with the carbon plate (13.11%), with transverse (23.61%) than with the longitudinal (19.82%) arrangement of anodes, and with sextuple anodes (33.72%) than with a single anode (25.26%) in the sediment microbial fuel cells (SMFCs). A similar trend was observed when the voltage, power density, and electromotive force (EMF) of SMFCs were estimated between the carbon felt and carbon plate, transverse and longitudinal arrangements, single and sextuple anodes. It is concluded that the proper adjustment of anode arrangements, using carbon felt as an anode material, and increasing the number of anodes to six may accelerate the rate of degradation of oily sludge in oily sludge sediment microbial fuel cells (SMFCs). Furthermore, the electricity generation performance was also improved.

Correction: Li et al. Altered Salivary Microbiome in the Early Stage of HIV Infections among Young Chinese Men Who Have Sex with Men (MSM). Pathogens 2020, 9, 960.

In the original publication [...].

A Biomechanical Study on Failed Snatch Based on the Human and Bar Combination Barycenter.

Objective: The purpose of this research was to use a new method the human and bar combination barycenter to exposit the differences between successful and failed characteristics of snatch attempts in competition. Try to establish an effective biomechanical method that can uncover the main factors for the failed snatch. The obtained results will provide valuable information for weightlifters to improve the success rate in snatch by altering their technical issues accordingly. Methods: A 3-D video analysis method was used to compare the characteristics of the heaviest successful and failed attempts of ten elite weightlifters in the men's 73 kg category. The video was captured under competitive conditions at the 2019 World Weightlifting Championships, the 2019 Asian Weightlifting Championships, and the 2020 China Olympic Trial. The video data were digitized using the SIMI°Motion7.50 3-D system (Germany). Results: Significant difference (P > 0.05) was not found between the successful and failed attempts in the parameters, such as the maximal vertical rising velocity, the maximal vertical height, and the vertical displacement of the barbell. The maximal descending acceleration of the human body, the time duration, the angles of the hip, and knee joints were no significant difference. However, significant differences were found in the variation of the human and bar combination barycenter on the X-axis in the inertial ascent stage and the squat support stage (t = 2.862, P < 0.05; t = 3.376, P < 0.05). Conclusions: A probable cause of the failed snatch is that the displacement of human and bar combination barycenter on the X-axis is not enough to reach the position for supporting barbell during the inertial ascent stage and the squat support stage. The reason is that the strength of reclining of torso at the end of the force phase is insufficient. Insufficient knee flexion in the knee flexion phase (M2), which leads to a lower maximum vertical velocity of barbell, may be an indirect factor leading to the failed snatch. The cumulative variation of human and bar combination barycenter on the X-axis can effectively determine the technical characteristics between the success and failure in snatch.

Application of Ginsenoside Rd in Periodontitis With Inhibitory Effects on Pathogenicity, Inflammation, and Bone Resorption.

Periodontitis is a worldwide oral disease induced by the interaction of subgingival bacteria and host response and is characterized by local inflammation, bone resorption, and tooth loss. Ginsenoside Rd (Rd) is a biologically active component derived from Panax ginseng and has been demonstrated to exert antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities. This study aims to investigate the inhibitory efficiency of Rd towards Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis), periodontal inflammatory response, and osteoclastogenesis in vitro and to further validate the results in a mouse periodontitis model, thus, evaluate the potential effects of Rd on the control and prevention of periodontitis. According to the results, Rd exerted excellent antibacterial activities against planktonic P. gingivalis, along with attenuating P. gingivalis virulence and inhibiting its biofilms. Meanwhile, the inflammatory cytokine production and osteoclastogenesis were remarkably inhibited by Rd both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, Rd efficiently ameliorated the subgingival P. gingivalis abundance and suppressed the alveolar bone resorption in vivo as well. In conclusion, Rd has the potential to be developed as a promising medication in the control and prevention of periodontitis.

Screening and Demulsification Mechanism of Fluorinated Demulsifier Based on Molecular Dynamics Simulation.

In order to solve the problem of demulsification difficulties in Liaohe Oilfield, 24 kinds of demulsifiers were screened by using the interface generation energy (IFE) module in the molecular dynamics simulation software Materials Studio to determine the ability of demulsifier molecules to reduce the total energy of the oil-water interface after entering the oil-water interface. Neural network analysis (NNA) and genetic function approximation (GFA) were used as technical means to predict the demulsification effect of the Liaohe crude oil demulsifier. The simulation results show that the SDJ9927 demulsifier with ethylene oxide (EO) and propylene oxide (PO) values of 21 (EO) and 44 (PO) reduced the total energy and interfacial tension of the oil-water interface to the greatest extent, and the interfacial formation energy reached -640.48 Kcal/mol. NNA predicted that the water removal amount of the SDJ9927 demulsifier was 7.21 mL, with an overall error of less than 1.83. GFA predicted that the water removal amount of the SDJ9927 demulsifier was 7.41mL, with an overall error of less than 0.9. The predicted results are consistent with the experimental screening results. SDJ9927 had the highest water removal rate and the best demulsification effect. NNA and GFA had high correlation coefficients, and their R2s were 0.802 and 0.861, respectively. The higher R2 was, the more accurate the prediction accuracy was. Finally, the demulsification mechanism of the interfacial film breaking due to the collision of fluorinated polyether demulsifiers was studied. It was found that the carbon-fluorine chain had high surface activity and high stability, which could protect the carbon-carbon bond in the demulsifier molecules to ensure that there was no re-emulsion due to the stirring external force.

Comparative Analysis of Salivary Mycobiome Diversity in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Patients.

Reports on alterations in the oral mycobiome of HIV-infected patients are still limited. This study was designed to compare the salivary mycobiome between 30 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections and 30 healthy controls and explore the effect of antiretroviral therapy (ART) administration on the oral mycobiome of HIV infections. Results showed that the diversity and richness of salivary mycobiome in HIV-infected individuals were higher than those of controls (P < 0.05). After ART, the diversity and richness of salivary mycobiome in HIV-infected patients were reduced significantly (P < 0.05). Candida, Mortierella, Malassezia, Simplicillium, and Penicillium were significantly enriched in the HIV group and dramatically decreased after ART. While the relative abundance of Verticillium, Issatchenkia, and Alternaria significantly increased in patients with HIV after ART. Correlation analysis revealed that Mortierella, Malassezia, Simplicillium, and Chaetomium were positively correlated with viral load (VL), whereas Thyrostroma and Archaeorhizomyces were negatively related to VL and positively related to CD4+ T-cell counts. All results showed that HIV infection and ART administration affected the composition of salivary mycobiome communities. Furthermore, differences of salivary mycobiome in HIV infections after ART were complex and might mirror the immune state of the body.

Compound Cleaning Agent for Oily Sludge from Experiments and Molecular Simulations.

This paper reported a new oily sludge compound cleaning agent formula, which used a combination of molecular simulation and experimental methods to study its interfacial formation energy (IFE), and exciting results were obtained. From a total of 24 surfactants in five categories, sodium silicate (Na2SiO3), sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, and fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene ether (JFC-SF) were screened out because of their excellent washing oil effect. Under a reasonable orthogonal system, when the mass ratio of the three surfactants was 3:1:1, the oil desorption effect was the best, the oil residual rate could reach 2.13%, and the oil removal efficiency could reach 93.53%. Verified by the molecular dynamics simulation module, the absolute value of the interface binding energy was the largest at this compound ratio, which was 465.71 kcal/mol. More importantly, we have discussed in depth the mechanism of adsorption and permeation of oily sludge by cleaning agents. Through single-factor influence experiments, the following optimized working condition parameters of the cleaning agent were determined: cleaning conditions with an agent content of 4%, a temperature of 70 °C, a stirring speed of 400 rpm, a cleaning time of 30 min, and a liquid-solid ratio (L/S) of 4:1. The research results laid the foundation for resource utilization, harmlessness, and reduction of oily sludge in the Liaohe oilfield.

The Effect of Periodontitis on Dementia and Cognitive Impairment: A Meta-Analysis.

The association between periodontal disease and dementia/cognitive impairment continues to receive increasing attention. However, whether periodontal disease is a risk factor for dementia/cognitive impairment is still uncertain. This meta-analysis was conducted to comprehensively analyze the effect of periodontitis on dementia and cognitive impairment, and to assess the periodontal status of dementia patients at the same time. A literature search was undertaken on 19 October 2020 using PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase with different search terms. Two evaluators screened studies according to inclusion and exclusion criteria, and a third evaluator was involved if there were disagreements; this process was the same as that used for data extraction. Included studies were assessed with the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS), and results were analyzed using software Review Manager 5.2. Twenty observational studies were included. In the comparison between periodontitis and cognitive impairment, the odds ratio (OR) was 1.77 (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.31-2.38), which indicated that there was a strong relationship between periodontitis and cognitive impairment. There was no statistical significance in the effect of periodontitis on dementia (OR = 1.59; 95%CI, 0.92-2.76). The subgroup analysis revealed that moderate or severe periodontitis was significantly associated with dementia (OR = 2.13; 95%CI, 1.25-3.64). The mean difference (MD) of the community periodontal index (CPI) and clinical attachment level (CAL) was 0.25 (95%CI, 0.09-0.40) and 1.22 (95%CI, 0.61-1.83), respectively. In this meta-analysis, there was an association between periodontitis and cognitive impairment, and moderate or severe periodontitis was a risk factor for dementia. Additionally, the deterioration of periodontal status was observed among dementia patients.