Capillary malformation-arteriovenous malformation syndrome: a multicentre study.

BACKGROUND: Capillary malformation-arteriovenous malformation (CM-AVM) syndrome is a rare syndrome with characteristic skin lesions that are associated with fast-flow vascular malformations (FFVMs) in one-third of patients. Few case series have been described, and none in Spain. AIM: To identify the prevalence of dermatological parameters, FFVMs and associated features in a large series of patients with CM-AVM. METHODS: We conducted an observational study of patients with CM-AVM syndrome diagnosed in 15 Spanish hospitals over 3 years. The main clinical, radiological, genetic findings and associated diseases were analysed. RESULTS: In total, 64 patients were assessed. In 26.5% of cases, the diagnosis was incidental. In 75% of patients, there was one significantly larger macule, which we termed the 'herald patch'. FFVMs were detected in 34% of the patients, with 30% located on the skin, 7.8% in the brain and in 1.5% in the spine. There was a positive family history in 65% of the 64 patients. Genetic analysis was performed for RASA1 mutations in 57 patients, of whom 42 (73%) had a positive result. All 4 patients tested for EPHB4 mutations had a positive result. No tumour lesions were detected in the series, except for five infantile haemangiomas. CONCLUSIONS: Our data on clinical lesions, associated FFVM, family history and genetics are similar to those previously published in the literature. An extensive data analysis failed to demonstrate any statistically significant association between the presence of an FFVM and any clinical, familial or genetic parameter that could predict its onset, although a link between the presence of a herald patch on the midline face and the presence of a brain FFVM was observed. We did not detect any genotype-phenotype correlation.

Enfermedad de Fox-Fordyce en edad infantil / Fox-Fordyce Disease in a Pediatric Patient

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Placas blancas en cavidad oral / White Plaques in the Oral Cavity

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Histopathological hallmarks of cutaneous lesions of capillary malformation-arteriovenous malformation syndrome.

IMPORTANCE: Capillary malformation-arteriovenous malformation (CM-AVM) syndrome is a recently described syndrome with distinctive cutaneous lesions. Very little is known about the histopathology of these lesions. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the histopathological characteristics of the pink macules of the CM-AVM syndrome and to investigate if these pink macules could be classified as capillary malformations or arteriovenous malformations based on their histopathological features. DESIGN-SETTINGS-PARTICIPANTS: We conducted a retrospective multicenter study involving eight hospitals in Spain. Fifteen biopsies from pink macules of the CM-AVM syndrome were analysed and compared with five biopsies of diverse capillary malformations and three stage I arteriovenous malformations. RESULTS: Pink macules' biopsies of the CM-AVM syndrome showed similar features including a high vascular density encompassing capillaries and numerous thick-walled arterioles mainly located in the superficial dermis, a predominance of elongated over round vessels, scarce or absent erythrocytes within the lumina and discrete perivascular inflammation. CMs were characterized by an increased number of capillary-type vessels mostly rounded and located in the upper dermis. AVMs were composed by highly increased numbers of vessels with a branching pattern involving the full thickness of the dermis, without erythrocytes within the lumina. Wilms tumour 1 protein was positive in the endothelial cells both in pink macules of the CM-AVM and in arteriovenous malformations. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Pink macules of the CM-AVM syndrome seem to be different from capillary malformations. Our results suggest that histologically and immunohistochemically they are closer to incipient arteriovenous malformations than to capillary malformations. A deepened knowledge about the nature of these skin lesions will contribute to the better understanding of capillary malformation-arteriovenous malformation syndrome, and will open the possibility of new and more specific treatments in the future.

Tumoración subcutánea en la cola de la ceja derecha / Subcutaneous tumor deep to the lateral right eyebrow

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Tricomicosis axilar: diagnóstico en imágenes, clínica, luz de Wood y dermatoscopia / Trichomycosis axillaris: clinical, Wood lamp, and dermoscopic diagnostic images

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Telangiectasias fotodistribuidas asociadas a amlodipino / Amlodipine-associated photodistributed telangiectasia

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Neurofibromatosis de tipo 2 con inicio en la edad pediátrica: identificación de los primeros signos y síntomas / Neurofibromatosis type 2 in childhood: a clinical characterization

Introducción. La neurofibromatosis de tipo 2 (NF2) es un trastorno neuroectodérmico con patrón de herencia autosómico dominante que condiciona una predisposición para desarrollar tumores de varios tipos en el sistema nervioso central y periférico. Se asocia también con alteraciones oculares y cutáneas. Caso clínico. Varón de 12 años con diagnóstico de NF2 de acuerdo con los criterios de Baser et al e inicio en la infancia. Se realiza una revisión bibliográfica sobre la evolución de los criterios diagnósticos en los niños. Conclusiones. El modo de presentación de la NF2 en la infancia difiere de la presentación en los adultos. Las manifestaciones iniciales de NF2 en los niños son las alteraciones oculares y cutáneas, no las auditivas. La clínica de inicio más frecuente en la edad pediátrica es la tríada de cataratas subcapsulares posteriores, lesiones intracutáneas en forma de placa o tumores nodulares subcutáneos, y síntomas neurológicos secundarios a la afectación de pares craneales distintos al VIII par, tronco encefálico o médula espinal. Debido a que los criterios diagnósticos de NF2 son menos sensibles en los pacientes pediátricos, los niños con cataratas congénitas o de aparición precoz y manifestaciones cutáneas típicas de NF2 deben ser seguidos estrechamente (AU)

INTRODUCTION. Neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) is a dominantly inherited neuroectodermal syndrome that predispose to the development of tumors of the central and peripheral nervous system. Additional features include eye and skin abnormalities. CASE REPORT. A 12-year old male with diagnosis of MF2 according to Baser et al and presentation in childhood was included. A comprehensive bibliographic review of evolution of the diagnostic criteria for NF2 in children was performed. CONCLUSIONS. The pattern of presentation of NF2 in childhood differs from adulthood in many aspects. Ophthalmologic and skin manifestations, and not an auditory dysfunction, are the most common initial symptoms in prepuberal-onset NF2. The most frequent symptoms and signs at presentation are posterior subcapsular cataract, skin manifestations as NF2 plaques and/or peripheral nerve tumors, and neurological dysfunction related to isolated or multiple cranial nerve deficits (other than nerve VIII), brainstem masses or spinal masses. As sensitivity of diagnostic criteria in children is low, those prepuberal patients with congenital or early-onset cataracts and typical skin manifestations of NF2 should be systematically assessed (AU)

[Neurofibromatosis type 2 in childhood: a clinical characterization]. / Neurofibromatosis de tipo 2 con inicio en la edad pediatrica: identificacion de los primeros signos y sintomas.

INTRODUCTION: Neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) is a dominantly inherited neuroectodermal syndrome that predispose to the development of tumors of the central and peripheral nervous system. Additional features include eye and skin abnormalities. CASE REPORT: A 12-year old male with diagnosis of MF2 according to Baser et al and presentation in childhood was included. A comprehensive bibliographic review of evolution of the diagnostic criteria for NF2 in children was performed. CONCLUSIONS: The pattern of presentation of NF2 in childhood differs from adulthood in many aspects. Ophthalmologic and skin manifestations, and not an auditory dysfunction, are the most common initial symptoms in prepuberal-onset NF2. The most frequent symptoms and signs at presentation are posterior subcapsular cataract, skin manifestations as NF2 plaques and/or peripheral nerve tumors, and neurological dysfunction related to isolated or multiple cranial nerve deficits (other than nerve VIII), brainstem masses or spinal masses. As sensitivity of diagnostic criteria in children is low, those prepuberal patients with congenital or early-onset cataracts and typical skin manifestations of NF2 should be systematically assessed.

TITLE: Neurofibromatosis de tipo 2 con inicio en la edad pediatrica: identificacion de los primeros signos y sintomas.Introduccion. La neurofibromatosis de tipo 2 (NF2) es un trastorno neuroectodermico con patron de herencia autosomico dominante que condiciona una predisposicion para desarrollar tumores de varios tipos en el sistema nervioso central y periferico. Se asocia tambien con alteraciones oculares y cutaneas. Caso clinico. Varon de 12 años con diagnostico de NF2 de acuerdo con los criterios de Baser et al e inicio en la infancia. Se realiza una revision bibliografica sobre la evolucion de los criterios diagnosticos en los niños. Conclusiones. El modo de presentacion de la NF2 en la infancia difiere de la presentacion en los adultos. Las manifestaciones iniciales de NF2 en los niños son las alteraciones oculares y cutaneas, no las auditivas. La clinica de inicio mas frecuente en la edad pediatrica es la triada de cataratas subcapsulares posteriores, lesiones intracutaneas en forma de placa o tumores nodulares subcutaneos, y sintomas neurologicos secundarios a la afectacion de pares craneales distintos al VIII par, tronco encefalico o medula espinal. Debido a que los criterios diagnosticos de NF2 son menos sensibles en los pacientes pediatricos, los niños con cataratas congenitas o de aparicion precoz y manifestaciones cutaneas tipicas de NF2 deben ser seguidos estrechamente.