Belief in a just world and fair behavior among clinical nurses: a moderated mediation model of empathy and observer justice sensitivity.

BACKGROUND: Exploration of the relationship between nursing staffs' justice in belief world and fair behavior is important to promote equity and access to health services in health organizations, as well as to enhance the quality of care. In order to further dissect the influencing factors of fair behavior among clinical nurses, the current study aims to investigate how belief in a just world influences the fair behavior among nurses. Based on the belief in a just world theory, the empathy-altruism theory and the protective-protective model, the current study aimed to provide a deeper understanding of the effect of belief in a just world on fair behavior by investigating the mediating role of empathy and the moderating role of observer justice sensitivity. METHOD: This was a cross-sectional study. 571 registered clinical nurses were included from five hospitals in Fuzhou through a convenience sampling method. Measurements included Chinese translations of belief in a just world scale, empathy scale, observer justice sensitivity scale, fair behavior scale. SPSS 22.0 was used to describe descriptive statistics and the variables' Pearson correlation coefficient. SPSS PROCESS macro Model 4 and model 14 were used to examine the mediation and the moderation between the relationship of belief in a just world and fairness behavior. RESULT: The results shower that fairness behavior was positively correlated with one's belief in a just world (r = 0.26, p < 0.01); (2)empathy mediated the relationship between belief in a just world and fair behavior. The mediation model explains 20.83%; (3) Observer justice sensitivity moderated the relationship between empathy and fair behavior. CONCLUSIONS: Belief in a just world, empathy, and observer justice sensitivity were motivations for nurses' fair behavior. Nursing administrators should focus on cultivating nurses' belief in a just world, their empathy abilities, and positive qualities of justice sensitivity to enhance fair behavior in a healthcare setting.

Abusive supervision and nursing students' intention to leave the nursing profession: a moderated mediation model of emotional exhaustion and the nurse-patient relationship.

BACKGROUND: Exploration of the relationship between nursing students' abusive supervision and their future intention to leave the nursing profession before completing the final clinical practicum is critical to the issue of nursing staff shortages and how to alleviate them. In order to further dissect the factors influencing turnover intention among student nurses in clinical practice, our study used the conservation of resources theory and job demands-resources model to explain the specific pathways that influence student nurses' intention to leave the nursing profession, with particular focus on nursing students' personality traits and certain organizational factors. METHOD: This study followed a cross-sectional design. Between March and May 2022, a convenience sampling method was used to select 531 nursing students from two medical universities in Fuzhou. The Abusive Supervision, Emotional Exhaustion, Nurse-Patient Relationship, and Turnover Intention Scales were employed to collect data. The PROCESS macro (Models 4 and 7) for SPSS 25.0 by Hayes and 5,000 bootstrap samples were used to examine the moderation and mediation impacts. RESULTS: Abusive supervision was found to significantly positively predict nursing students' intention to leave the nursing profession. Emotional exhaustion significantly mediated the relationship between abusive supervision and an intention to leave the nursing profession. The moderating effect of the nurse-patient relationship in the mediation model was also found to be significant. CONCLUSIONS: Abusive supervision by clinical teaching staff is a work-related stressor that leads to emotional exhaustion, consequently decreasing nursing students' future intention to work as a nurse. A nurse-patient relationship based on trust could buffer the negative effect of abusive supervision on emotional exhaustion. Healthcare organizations and nurse educators should implement programs that educate and train individuals about abusive supervision, emotion regulation, and positive nurse-patient relationships; this would serve to decrease nursing students' intention to leave the nursing profession. This study provides relevant implications for helping nursing instructors develop effective intervention strategies to retain talented nursing personnel.

Surface acting, emotional exhaustion, career calling and turnover intention among student nurses: A cross-sectional study.

AIM: This study aims to explore the mediating role of emotional exhaustion and the moderating role of career calling in the linkage of surface acting and turnover intention among student nurses in the final clinical practicum. BACKGROUND: Turnover rates are especially high for graduating nursing students. Surface acting is considered an important factor that affects this rate among nurses. However, little is known about the relationships between surface acting and turnover intentions among graduating nursing students in the final clinical practicum. DESIGN: The current research is a cross-sectional study, and the data were collected from 8 January 2022-22 January 2022. METHODS: A survey was completed by 275 graduating nursing students. This survey included Chinese translations of scales measuring surface acting, emotional exhaustion, career calling and turnover intentions. RESULTS: Both surface acting (r = 0.47, p < 0.001) and emotional exhaustion (r = 0.59, p < 0.001) correlated positively with turnover intentions. Both surface acting (r = -0.41, p < 0.001) and emotional exhaustion (r = -0.62, p < 0.001) correlated negatively with career calling and career calling (r = -0.72, p < 0.001) correlated negatively with turnover intentions. The association between surface acting and turnover intention was mediated by emotional exhaustion. In addition, career calling moderated the relationship between surface acting and emotional exhaustion. CONCLUSIONS: Surface acting results in higher emotional exhaustion and higher turnover intention among graduating nursing students, which was more pronounced among nursing students with a lower sense of career calling.

Relationships among nursing students' self-concept clarity, meaning in life, emotion regulation ability and depression: Testing a moderated mediation model.

Objective: Self-concept clarity as an inducing factor of depressive symptoms has been confirmed in previous studies. However, little is known about how and when it induces depressive symptoms in nursing students. The study is to examine the potential mediating role of meaning in life and the moderation of emotion regulation ability in the association between self-concept clarity and depressive symptoms among college nursing students. Materials and Methods: A sample of 488 college nursing students participated in this study Southeast China. The Chinese adaptations of Self-concept clarity Scale, Sense of life Scale, Depression scale, Emotion regulation scale were used. Mediation and moderation analyses were carried out in the SPSS macro PROCESS. Results: Self-concept clarity was significantly and negatively associated with depression in nursing students, meaning in life had a partial mediating effect on the relationship between self-concept clarity and depression. Furthermore, emotion regulation ability moderated the direct effect of self-concept clarity on depression. Conclusion: The findings enrich the knowledge of the mediating and moderating mechanisms to explain the association between self-concept clarity and depression in nursing students. There have been proposed interventions concerning increasing self-concept clarity, meaning in life and emotion regulation ability training which could help help reduce the depression among nursing students.

The relationship between social class and subjective well-being: A serial mediation model.

Despite recent research associating social class with subjective well-being (SWB), the relationship between the two, manifested through victim justice sensitivity and envy, has not been properly investigated. Guided by social comparison and social cognitive tendency theories, we explored the direct and indirect relationships between social class and SWB among Chinese undergraduate students. This study employed a cross-sectional, questionnaire-based research design. 1,405 undergraduate students completed questionnaires regarding subjective social class, victim justice sensitivity, envy, and SWB. The results showed that social class was positively related to SWB and negatively associated with victim justice sensitivity and envy. Victim justice sensitivity was negatively related to SWB, victim justice sensitivity was positively related to envy, and envy was negatively associated with SWB. Social class correlated with SWB through three paths: the mediating role of victim justice sensitivity, the mediating role of envy, and the serial mediating roles of victim justice sensitivity and envy. The results indicate that social class could contribute to college students' SWB through the mechanisms of victim justice sensitivity and envy. This study advances the understanding of how the relationship between social class and college students' SWB operates. Furthermore, the findings will facilitate the promotion of college students' SWB.

Symptoms of problematic pornography use among help-seeking male adolescents: Latent profile and network analysis.

Background and aims: Little data exist on exploring the subgroups and characteristics of problematic pornography use (PPU) in help-seeking adolescents. The aims of the study were to classify the subgroups among help-seeking male adolescents, explore their similarities and differences, and uncover their core symptoms. Methods: A total of 3,468 Chinese male adolescents (Mage = 16.64 years, SD = 1.24) who were distressed about their pornography use were recruited. The Problematic Pornography Consumption Scale, the Brief Pornography Screen Scale, and Moral Disapproval of Pornography Use were used to classify them. The General Health Questionnaire, the Pornography Craving Questionnaire, and the Sexual Compulsivity Scale were used to investigate participants' negative consequence related to their pornography use; and the Online Sexual Activity Questionnaire (OSAs) and time spent on pornography use every week were considered as quantitative indicators. Results: Help-seeking male adolescents could be divided into 3 profiles, namely, self-perceived problematic (SP, n = 755), impaired control (IC, n = 1,656), and problematic use groups (PPU, n = 1,057). Frequency of OSAs was important for the identification of SP individuals, while negative consequences were more effective in identifying individuals with objective dysregulated behavior. Salience and mood modification were shared by all groups; however, in addition to this, the SP and PPU groups also showed withdrawal symptoms. Discussion and conclusion: This study's results provide support for the presence of different profiles of help-seeking individuals and information on potential intervention targets among adolescents which is lacking in the literature.

Empathy and teachers' fairness behavior: The mediating role of moral obligation and moderating role of social value orientation.

This study examined the mediating effect of moral obligation and moderating effect of social value orientation on the relationship between empathy and fairness behavior in Chinese teachers. Seven hundred and twenty-six Chinese teachers completed self-reported questionnaires regarding empathy, moral obligation, social value orientation, and fairness behavior. The results revealed that moral obligation mediated the link between empathy and teachers' fairness behavior. Teachers' social value orientation moderated the associations between empathy and moral obligation and moral obligation and fairness behavior. The associations between empathy and moral obligation and moral obligation and fairness behavior were more robust for those with high SVO scores (i.e., prosocial). This study identified the critical factors associated with teachers' fairness behavior, supplying empirical support for existing theories and providing practical implications for interventions designed to improve Chinese teachers' classroom environment.

A Network Comparison of Motives behind Online Sexual Activities and Problematic Pornography Use during the COVID-19 Outbreak and the Post-Pandemic Period.

Many researchers have considered whether online sexual activities (OSAs) increased over the course of the COVID-19 pandemic and whether these have led to an increase in problematic pornography use (PPU). This study investigated the impact of COVID-19 on PPU through pornography use motivations (PUMs) and OSAs to develop a better understanding of the mechanism and changes affecting PPU. Two groups of Chinese adults were recruited during the initial months of the pandemic (April 2020, n1 = 496) and the post-pandemic period (October 2021, n2 = 504). A network analysis was conducted to compare the structures of PPU symptoms among the two groups. The results showed that PUMs and OSAs were stronger predictors of PPU during the pandemic than post-pandemic (R2pandemic = 57.6% vs. R2post-pandemic = 28.7%). The motives of fantasy, sexual pleasure, stress reduction, and self-exploration were the prominent motivations during these two periods, but we found distinct PPU-related communities. PPU, sexual pleasure, and viewing sexually explicit materials (a type of OSAs) constituted a community during the pandemic but not in the post-pandemic's network. The present study indicated that the pandemic may not have been the only factor impacting the higher rate of PPU. Instead, the higher frequency of OSAs during the pandemic may have been a strategy to cope with stress and to safely satisfy sexual desire.

Openness to experience and dispositional awe: The moderating role of subjective socioeconomic status and mediating role of Zhong-Yong thinking style in Chinese undergraduates.

Existing research has established that openness to experience can enhance dispositional awe. For the first time, the current study examines whether subjective socioeconomic status (SSES) moderates and a Zhong-Yong thinking style mediates this effect. A sample of 2,377 Chinese undergraduates (mean age 20.7, ranging from 18 to 26) was recruited. As shown in previous research, openness was found to be positively associated with dispositional awe. As predicted, the relationship was moderated by familial and school SSES. The positive correlation was significantly larger in cases of lower familial and school SSES. The mediating effect of Zhong-Yong thinking style was also supported in the relationship between openness and dispositional awe, as was the moderating effect of familial SSES; however, a suppressive effect was found for school SSES. The implications of this study are discussed herein.