Overview of clinical, molecular, and therapeutic features of Niemann-Pick disease (types A, B, and C): Focus on therapeutic approaches.

Niemann-Pick disease (NPD) is another type of metabolic disorder that is classified as lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs). The main cause of the disease is mutation in the SMPD1 (type A and B) or NPC1 or NPC2 (type C) genes, which lead to the accumulation of lipid substrates in the lysosomes of the liver, brain, spleen, lung, and bone marrow cells. This is followed by multiple cell damage, dysfunction of lysosomes, and finally dysfunction of body organs. So far, about 346, 575, and 30 mutations have been reported in SMPD1, NPC1, and NPC2 genes, respectively. Depending on the type of mutation and the clinical symptoms of the disease, the treatment will be different. The general aim of the current study is to review the clinical and molecular characteristics of patients with NPD and study various treatment methods for this disease with a focus on gene therapy approaches.

The F-actin bundler SWAP-70 promotes tumor metastasis.

Dynamic rearrangements of the F-actin cytoskeleton are a hallmark of tumor metastasis. Thus, proteins that govern F-actin rearrangements are of major interest for understanding metastasis and potential therapies. We hypothesized that the unique F-actin binding and bundling protein SWAP-70 contributes importantly to metastasis. Orthotopic, ectopic, and short-term tail vein injection mouse breast and lung cancer models revealed a strong positive dependence of lung and bone metastasis on SWAP-70. Breast cancer cell growth, migration, adhesion, and invasion assays revealed SWAP-70's key role in these metastasis-related cell features and the requirement for SWAP-70 to bind F-actin. Biophysical experiments showed that tumor cell stiffness and deformability are negatively modulated by SWAP-70. Together, we present a hitherto undescribed, unique F-actin modulator as an important contributor to tumor metastasis.

An Investigation into Cell-Free DNA in Different Common Cancers.

Diagnosis is the most important step in different diseases, especially in cancers and blood malignancies. There are different methods in order to better diagnose of cancer, but many of them are invasive and also, some of them are not useful for immediate diagnosis. Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) or liquid biopsy easily accessible in peripheral blood is one of the non-invasive prognostic biomarkers in various areas of cancer management. In fact, amounts of cfDNA in serum or plasma can be used for diagnosis. In this review, we have considered some cancers such as hepatocellular carcinoma, lung cancer, breast cancer, and hematologic malignancies to compare the various methods of cfDNA diagnosis.

Gene therapy approaches for GM1 gangliosidosis: Focus on animal and cellular studies.

One of the most important inherited metabolic disorders is GM1 gangliosidosis, which is a progressive neurological disorder. The main cause of this disease is a genetic defect in the enzyme ß-galactosidase due to a mutation in the glb1 gene. Lack of this enzyme in cells (especially neurons) leads to the accumulation of ganglioside substrate in nerve tissues, followed by three clinical forms of GM1 disease (neonatal, juvenile, and adult variants). Genetically, many mutations occur in the exons of the glb1 gene, such as exons 2, 6, 15, and 16, so the most common ones reported in scientific studies include missense/nonsense mutations. Therefore, many studies have examined the genotype-phenotype relationships of this disease and subsequently using gene therapy techniques have been able to reduce the complications of the disease and alleviate the signs and symptoms of the disease. In this regard, the present article reviews the general features of GM1 gangliosidosis and its mutations, as well as gene therapy studies and animal and human models of the disease.

Modulation of the Immune System Mechanisms using Probiotic Bacteria in Allergic Diseases: Focus on Allergic Retinitis and Food Allergies.

Allergic illnesses occur when an organism's immune system is excessively responsive to certain antigens, such as those that are presented in the environment. Some people suffer from a wide range of immune system-related illnesses including allergic rhinitis, asthma, food allergies, hay fever, and even anaphylaxis. Immunotherapy and medications are frequently used to treat allergic disorders. The use of probiotics in bacteriotherapy has lately gained interest. Probiotics are essential to human health by modulating the gut microbiota in some ways. Due to probiotics' immunomodulatory properties present in the gut microbiota of all animals, including humans, these bacterial strains can prevent a wide variety of allergic disorders. Probiotic treatment helps allergy patients by decreasing inflammatory cytokines and enhancing intestinal permeability, which is important in the battle against allergy. By altering the balance of Th1 and Th2 immune responses in the intestinal mucosa, probiotics can heal allergic disorders. Numerous studies have shown a correlation between probiotics and a reduced risk of allergy disorders. A wide range of allergic disorders, including atopic dermatitis, asthma, allergic retinitis and food allergies has been proven to benefit from probiotic bacteria. Therefore, the use of probiotics in the treatment of allergic diseases offers a promising perspective. Considering that probiotic intervention in the treatment of diseases is a relatively new field of study, more studies in this regard seem necessary.

0.2% Betamethasone Sodium Phosphate: A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Masked Study to Compare Its Ocular Safety, Tolerability, and Efficacy to Vehicle in Cataract Surgery Subjects.

Purpose: To compare the preservative-free corticosteroid 0.2% betamethasone sodium phosphate BID (SURF-201) to vehicle BID in patients undergoing routine cataract surgery. Methods: Phase 2, multicenter, randomized (1:1 ratio), double-masked, vehicle-controlled, parallel-group study in patients scheduled for uncomplicated cataract surgery without the aid of a femtosecond laser. Subjects instilled topical medications for 16 days beginning the day before cataract surgery (Day -1), 1 dose administered at least 1 hour prior to cataract surgery (on Day 0) and 1 dose on the evening after cataract surgery, and then 2 doses administered each day through Day 15; patients were re-evaluated on Days 22 and 32 to ensure no rebound inflammation. Primary outcome was the difference in the proportion of subjects with anterior chamber cell (ACC) grade 0 between the two groups at Day 15. Secondary outcomes included pain scores and overall safety. Results: There was a statistically significant difference (P=0.004) in the proportion of subjects in the SURF-201 treatment group with an ACC grade of 0 at Day 15 (n=22/39 [56.4%]) compared to subjects in the vehicle treatment group (n=9/43 [20.9%]). There was no statistically significant difference (P=0.528) in the proportion of subjects in the SURF-201 treatment group who had a visual analog scale pain score of 0 at Day 15 (n=35/38 [89.7%]) compared to subjects in the vehicle group (n=33/40 [82.5%]). A slightly higher incidence of adverse events occurred in subjects in the SURF-201 treatment group (n=27/40 [67.5%]) compared to the vehicle treatment group (n=23/43 [53.5%]). Conclusion: SURF-201 is an effective topical, preservative-free corticosteroid when dosed BID for the treatment of postoperative inflammation and prevention of pain in a post-cataract population.

EMT induces characteristic changes of Rho GTPases and downstream effectors with a mitosis-specific twist.

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a key cellular transformation for many physiological and pathological processes ranging from cancer over wound healing to embryogenesis. Changes in cell migration, cell morphology and cellular contractility were identified as hallmarks of EMT. These cellular properties are known to be tightly regulated by the actin cytoskeleton. EMT-induced changes of actin-cytoskeletal regulation were demonstrated by previous reports of changes of actin cortex mechanics in conjunction with modifications of cortex-associated f-actin and myosin. However, at the current state, the changes of upstream actomyosin signaling that lead to corresponding mechanical and compositional changes of the cortex are not well understood. In this work, we show in breast epithelial cancer cells MCF-7 that EMT results in characteristic changes of the cortical association of Rho-GTPases Rac1, RhoA and RhoC and downstream actin regulators cofilin, mDia1 and Arp2/3. In the light of our findings, we propose that EMT-induced changes in cortical mechanics rely on two hitherto unappreciated signaling paths-i) an interaction between Rac1 and RhoC and ii) an inhibitory effect of Arp2/3 activity on cortical association of myosin II.

Revisiting Inhibition Effects of miR-28 as a Metastasis Suppressor in Gastrointestinal Cancers.

MicroRNAs are critical epigenetic regulators that can be used as diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic biomarkers for the treatment of various diseases, including gastrointestinal cancers, among a variety of cellular and molecular biomarkers. MiRNAs have also shown oncogenic or tumor suppressor roles in tumor tissue and other cell types. Studies showed that the dysregulation of miR-28 is involved in cell growth and metastasis of gastrointestinal cancers. MiR-28 plays a key role in controlling the physiological processes of cancer cells including growth and proliferation, migration, invasion, apoptosis, and metastasis. Therefore, miR-28 expression patterns can be used to distinguish patient subgroups. Based on the previous studies, miR-28 expression can be a suitable biomarker to detect tumor size and predict histological grade metastasis. In this review, we summarize the inhibitory effects of miR-28 as a metastasis suppressor in gastrointestinal cancers. miR-28 plays a role as a tumor suppressor in gastrointestinal cancers by regulating cancer cell growth, cell differentiation, angiogenesis, and metastasis. As a result, using it as a prognostic, diagnostic, and therapeutic biomarker in the treatment of gastrointestinal cancers can be a way to solve the problems in this field.

Synthesis of Zeolitic imidazolate frameworks-8@ layered double hydroxide polyhedral nanocomposite with designed porous voids as an effective carrier for anti-cancer drug-controlled delivery.

In nanotechnology, compounds containing metal materials are used in pharmaceutical sciences. The main purpose of this research was to introduce a novel method to control the amount of zeolite imidazolate framework (ZIF) in water by forming a protective layer such as layered double hydroxide (LDH). Firstly, ZIF was synthesised as the nucleus of the nanocomposite, and then LDH was formed by in situ synthesis as a protective layer. Scanning electron microscope, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-Ray Diffraction, and Brunauer, Emmett and Teller techniques were used to determine (ZIF-8@LDH chemical structure and morphology. Our findings revealed that the ZIF-8@LDH-MTX complex could interact with carboxyl groups and trivalent cations by creating a bifurcation bridge, clarity, and high thermal stability. The antibacterial test indicated that ZIF-8@LDH was able to inhibit pathogenic growth. 2,5-Diphenyl-2H-Tetrazolium Bromide assay results showed that ZIF-8@LDH alone had no notable cytotoxic effect on Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 (MCF-7) cancer cells. However, the cytotoxicity rate was significantly increased in treated MCF-7 cells with ZIF-8@LDH-MTX compared to that of treated cells with methotrexate alone, which can be reasoned by the protection of drug structure and increasing its permeability. The drug release profile was constant at pH = 7.4. All findings indicated that the ZIF-8@LDH complex could be considered a newly proposed solution for effective anti-cancer drug delivery.

Role of Fungal Infections in Carcinogenesis and Cancer Development: A Literature Review.

Cancer is a serious debilitating disease and one of the most common causes of death. In recent decades the high risk of various cancers enforced scientists to discover novel prevention and treatment methods to diminish the mortality of this terrifying disease. Accordingly, its prevention can be possible in near future. Based on epidemiological evidence, there is a clear link between pathogenic fungal infections and cancer development. This association is often seen in people with weakened immune systems such as the elderly and people with acquired immunodeficiency (AIDS). Carcinoma in these people is first seen chronically and then acutely. Although the different genetic and environmental risk factors are involved in carcinogenesis, one of the most important risk factors is fungal species and infections associating with cancers etiology. Now it is known that microbial infection is responsible for initiating 2.2 million new cancer cases. In this way, many recent studies have focused on investigating the role and mechanism of fungal infections in diverse cancers occurrence. This review provides a comprehensive framework of the latest clinical findings and the association of fungal infections with versatile cancers including esophageal, gastric, colorectal, lung, cervical, skin, and ovarian cancer.

Pharmacological effects and therapeutic potential of natural compounds in neuropsychiatric disorders: An update.

Neuropsychiatric diseases are a group of disorders that cause significant morbidity and disability. The symptoms of psychiatric disorders include anxiety, depression, eating disorders, autism spectrum disorders (ASD), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and conduct disorder. Various medicinal plants are frequently used as therapeutics in traditional medicine in different parts of the world. Nowadays, using medicinal plants as an alternative medication has been considered due to their biological safety. Despite the wide range of medications, many patients are unable to tolerate the side effects and eventually lose their response. By considering the therapeutic advantages of medicinal plants in the case of side effects, patients may prefer to use them instead of chemical drugs. Today, the use of medicinal plants in traditional medicine is diverse and increasing, and these plants are a precious heritage for humanity. Investigation about traditional medicine continues, and several studies have indicated the basic pharmacology and clinical efficacy of herbal medicine. In this article, we discuss five of the most important and common psychiatric illnesses investigated in various studies along with conventional therapies and their pharmacological therapies. For this comprehensive review, data were obtained from electronic databases such as MedLine/PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science, EMBASE, DynaMed Plus, ScienceDirect, and TRIP database. Preclinical pharmacology studies have confirmed that some bioactive compounds may have beneficial therapeutic effects in some common psychiatric disorders. The mechanisms of action of the analyzed biocompounds are presented in detail. The bioactive compounds analyzed in this review are promising phytochemicals for adjuvant and complementary drug candidates in the pharmacotherapy of neuropsychiatric diseases. Although comparative studies have been carefully reviewed in the preclinical pharmacology field, no clinical studies have been found to confirm the efficacy of herbal medicines compared to FDA-approved medicines for the treatment of mental disorders. Therefore, future clinical studies are needed to accelerate the potential use of natural compounds in the management of these diseases.

Potential mechanisms of quercetin in cancer prevention: focus on cellular and molecular targets.

Over the past few years, the cancer-related disease has had a high mortality rate and incidence worldwide, despite clinical advances in cancer treatment. The drugs used for cancer therapy, have high side effects in addition to the high cost. Subsequently, to reduce these side effects, many studies have suggested the use of natural bioactive compounds. Among these, which have recently attracted the attention of many researchers, quercetin has such properties. Quercetin, a plant flavonoid found in fresh fruits, vegetables and citrus fruits, has anti-cancer properties by inhibiting tumor proliferation, invasion, and tumor metastasis. Several studies have demonstrated the anti-cancer mechanism of quercetin, and these mechanisms are controlled through several signalling pathways within the cancer cell. Pathways involved in this process include apoptotic, p53, NF-κB, MAPK, JAK/STAT, PI3K/AKT, and Wnt/ß-catenin pathways. In addition to regulating these pathways, quercetin controls the activity of oncogenic and tumor suppressor ncRNAs. Therefore, in this comprehensive review, we summarized the regulation of these signalling pathways by quercetin. The modulatory role of quercetin in the expression of various miRNAs has also been discussed. Understanding the basic anti-cancer mechanisms of these herbal compounds can help prevent and manage many types of cancer.

Prognostic Value and Biological Role of miR-126 in Breast Cancer.

In eukaryotic organisms such as humans, some noncoding single-stranded RNAs (ncRNAs) contribute to regulating the expression of some genes before and after the transcription process, which in turn controls a number of vital physiological processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation, invasion, angiogenesis, and embryonic development. miR-126 is one of these miRNAs expressed exclusively in endothelial cells such as capillaries and vessels involved in controlling angiogenesis. In recent years, the link between miRs such as miR-126 and the pathology of breast cancer has attracted the attention of many researchers. Numerous studies have shown that miR-126 may be able to suppress tumor tissue metastasis or to increase tumor metastasis through complex molecular mechanisms. There is ample clinical evidence that miR-126 can be used as a biomarker to predict and diagnose breast cancer due to the increased or decreased expression of certain genes in breast cancer tissue. In this review, we discuss the association between the growth and metastasis (tumorigenesis) of breast cancer and miR-126, as well as the relationship between current research advances in the prognosis, diagnosis, and treatment of breast cancer and miR-126.

Skin epithelial cells change their mechanics and proliferation upon snail-mediated EMT signalling.

Skin cancer is the most commonly occurring cancer in the USA and Germany, and the fourth most common cancer worldwide. Snail-dependent epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) was shown to initiate and promote skin cancer. Previous studies could show that EMT changes actin cortex regulation and cellular mechanics in epithelial cells of diverse tissue origin. However, in spite of its potentially high significance in the context of skin cancer, the effect of EMT on cellular mechanics, mitotic rounding and proliferation has not been studied in skin epithelial cells so far. In this work, we show that TGF-ß-induced partial EMT results in a transformation of the mechanical phenotype of skin epithelial cells in a cell-cycle dependent manner. Concomitantly, we looked at EMT-induced changes of cell proliferation. While EMT decreases proliferation in 2D culture, we observed an EMT-induced boost of cellular proliferation when culturing cells as mechanically confined aggregates of skin epithelial cells. This proliferation boost was accompanied by enhanced mitotic rounding and composition changes of the actin cortex. We give evidence that observed EMT-induced changes depend on the EMT-upregulated transcription factor snail. Overall, our findings indicate that EMT-induced changes of cellular mechanics might play a currently unappreciated role in EMT-induced promotion of skin tumor proliferation.

Quantification of hepatitis C virus in viremic blood donors in Iran: Need to reinforce post-donation follow up.

INTRODUCTION: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a public health problem and a major cause of chronic liver disease around the world. The main route of HCV transmission is contact with small quantities of infectious blood. Knowledge of the distribution of HCV viral load is essential to control HCV infection. This study aimed to investigate the HCV viral load distribution among Iranian blood donors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 160 HCV confirmed blood donors with detectable HCV RNA who referred to blood transfusion centers for post-donation counseling all over the country. HCV RNA was quantified using an in-house one-step real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) kit. Statistical analysis was performed in STATA version 13. RESULTS: The mean age of the participants was 37.66 years. Out of 160 subjects, 156 (97.5 %) were male. The median viral load of the subjects was 7.7 × 104 (range: 2.28 × 10 3-3.42 × 107 IU/mL). Out of 160 blood donors, 70 (43.75 %, 95 % CI 0.36-0.51) had a viral load ≤5 × 104 IU/mL, and 90 (56.25 %, 95 % CI: 0.49-0.64) had a viral load >5 × 104 IU/mL. DISCUSSION: The distribution of HCV viral load among viremic blood donors emphasizes on the role of post-donation follow up in identification of blood donors potentially need for HCV anti-viral therapies.

Evaluation of exosomal non-coding RNAs in cancer using high-throughput sequencing.

Clinical oncologists need more reliable and non-invasive diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers to follow-up cancer patients. However, the existing biomarkers are often invasive and costly, emphasizing the need for the development of biomarkers to provide convenient and precise detection. Extracellular vesicles especially exosomes have recently been the focus of translational research to develop non-invasive and reliable biomarkers for several diseases such as cancers, suggesting as a valuable source of tumor markers. Exosomes are nano-sized extracellular vesicles secreted by various living cells that can be found in all body fluids including serum, urine, saliva, cerebrospinal fluid, and ascites. Different molecular and genetic contents of their origin such as nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, and glycans in a stable form make exosomes a promising approach for various cancers' diagnoses, prediction, and follow-up in a minimally invasive manner. Since exosomes are used by cancer cells for intercellular communication, they play a critical role in the disease process, highlighting the importance of their use as clinically relevant biomarkers. However, regardless of the advantages that exosome-based diagnostics have, they suffer from problems regarding their isolation, detection, and characterization of their contents. This study reviews the history and biogenesis of exosomes and discusses non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) and their potential as tumor markers in different types of cancer, with a focus on next generation sequencing (NGS) as a detection method. Moreover, the advantages and challenges associated with exosome-based diagnostics are also presented.

Eryngium billardieri Extract and Fractions Induce Apoptosis in Cancerous Cells.

BACKGROUND: Eryngium is a genus flowering plant in the Umbelliferae family, having pharmacological properties, such as anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic. Given the nature of melanoma and breast cancers in recent years and the fact that the anti-cancer properties of Eryngium billardieri on mentioned cell lines have not been studied, the present study was conducted to explore these properties. OBJECTIVE: The mechanisms of cytotoxicity and apoptosis of aerial parts of various extracts and fractions of E. billardieri on cancerous cells and normal cells were investigated. METHODS: Samples were collected from natural habitats, dried and then extracted by Soxhlet apparatus with solvents of n-Hex, DCM and methanol, respectively. The cytotoxic effects of the extracts were investigated by the MTT method on MCF7, B16 and HFF-2 classes for 24 and 48 hours. Flow cytometry was also used to investigate the mechanism of cytotoxicity, and it has been confirmed by Real-time PCR of p53 and Bax genes as to which comprise the apoptosis regulatory proteins. Meanwhile, volatile compounds of extracts were identified by the GC-MS method. RESULTS: The obtained data showed that the n-Hex extract of E. billardieri on B-16 and MCF7 cell lines and dichromethane extract on MCF7 cell line had the most significant cytotoxic effect compared to DMSO control (p-value <0.001). Our finding showed that the mechanism of n-Hex extract with 80% and 100% vlc fractions on B16 induced apoptotis compared to HFF-2 control cells; moreover, n-Hex extract and 80% vlc fraction on MCF7 were apoptotic. The major compounds of n-Hex, DCM, and 80% and 100% fractions of n-Hex extract obtained from GC-MS were non-terpenoid. CONCLUSION: Non-terpenoid compounds of E. billardieri can be responsible for exhibiting the most cytotoxic effects on MCF7 and B16 cell lines with apoptotic mechanism, and n-Hex extract was found to have the most significant inhibitory effect on cancerous cells compared to the HFF-2 control cells by employing the mechanism of apoptosis.

Withdrawal Notice: Overview of Enzyme Engineering Towards the Production of Hyaluronic Acid with Tailored Molecular Weight

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Phytochemical analysis and anticancer activity of Falcaria vulgaris Bernh growing in Moghan plain, northwest of Iran.

BACKGROUND: Falcaria vulgaris Bernh among the most important member of Apiaceae family has been used for medical investigation in Iran and some regions in the world. This plant possesses a range of coumarin and flavonoids compounds that have many therapeutic properties such as gastrointestinal and liver diseases, skin ulcers, gastric ulcers, and intestinal inflammation. It has also been found that these compounds lead to cytotoxic effects. OBJECTIVE: This study contains concentrates on the cytotoxic effect and induction of apoptosis on cancerous cells (SW-872) through various extracts and essential oil of Falcaria vulgaris Bernh. It considers the volatile compounds of effective samples. METHODS: The shoot of the plant was extracted by the Soxhlet apparatus and its essential oil was taken by the Clevenger apparatus. The cytotoxicity of the samples was evaluated by the MTT method and the mechanism of cancer cell death by flow cytometry and finally, the volatile compounds of essential oils and effective extracts were identified by GC-MS. RESULTS: The results demonstrated that n-Hexane extract and 40% VLC fraction had the greatest cytotoxic effect on SW-872 cells. While, the most abundant volatile compounds in essential oil and 40% VLC fraction of n-Hexane extract were terpenoid compounds like (+) spathulenol and caryophyllene oxide, in n-Hexane extract tetradecan, and spathulenol were the most, respectively. CONCLUSION: The fraction of 40% n-Hexane was in a concentration-dependent manner and significantly with controlling cells inhibited the growth of cancer cells. A plausible explanation could be made to account for this effect. This inhibition was made through induction of apoptosis and due to the presence of effective volatile compounds such as terpenoids and non-terpenoids which could be considered as valuable natural sources for the isolation of anti-cancer compounds.

Quercetin Impact in Pancreatic Cancer: An Overview on Its Therapeutic Effects.

Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a lethal malignancy cancer, and its mortality rates have been increasing worldwide. Diagnosis of this cancer is complicated, as it does not often present symptoms, and most patients present an irremediable tumor having a 5-year survival rate after diagnosis. Regarding treatment, many concerns have also been raised, as most tumors are found at advanced stages. At present, anticancer compounds-rich foods have been utilized to control PC. Among such bioactive molecules, flavonoid compounds have shown excellent anticancer abilities, such as quercetin, which has been used as an adjunctive or alternative drug to PC treatment by inhibitory or stimulatory biological mechanisms including autophagy, apoptosis, cell growth reduction or inhibition, EMT, oxidative stress, and enhancing sensitivity to chemotherapy agents. The recognition that this natural product has beneficial effects on cancer treatment has boosted the researchers' interest towards more extensive studies to use herbal medicine for anticancer purposes. In addition, due to the expensive cost and high rate of side effects of anticancer drugs, attempts have been made to use quercetin but also other flavonoids for preventing and treating PC. Based on related studies, it has been found that the quercetin compound has significant effect on cancerous cell lines as well as animal models. Therefore, it can be used as a supplementary drug to treat a variety of cancers, particularly pancreatic cancer. This review is aimed at discussing the therapeutic effects of quercetin by targeting the molecular signaling pathway and identifying antigrowth, cell proliferation, antioxidative stress, EMT, induction of apoptotic, and autophagic features.