ROS-responsive resveratrol-loaded cyclodextrin nanomicelles reduce inflammatory osteolysis.

Bone loss in inflammatory disorders such as osteomyelitis, septic arthritis, and periodontitis is caused by excessive osteoclastic activity. Meanwhile, reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been identified as contributors to osteoclast differentiation, and the application of ROS scavengers has emerged as a promising strategy to protect against bone loss. Recently, resveratrol (RSV), a polyphenolic phytoalexin, has been demonstrated to inhibit osteoclastogenesis by scavenging ROS; however, the application of RSV as an antioxidant is limited by its low water solubility, structural instability, and short elimination half-life. In this study, we developed a PEGylated cyclodextrin (CD)-based nanoplatform (PCP) for local delivery of RSV as nanomicelles (RSV-NMs). In addition, polymer functionalization with phenylboronic acid ester in RSV-NMs successfully achieved ROS-responsive release of RSV. The RSV-NMs in a well-dispersed state possessed good biocompatibility as well as improved solubility and stability compared with RSV compound. In vitro, RSV-NMs significantly inhibited the formation of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive multinuclear cells and suppressed F-actin (filamentous actin) ring formation. Additionally, the mRNA expressions of osteoclastic marker genes, including matrix metalloprotein-9 (MMP-9), nuclear factor of activated T cells 1 (NFATc1), TRAP, and cathepsin K, were consequently downregulated in the presence of RSV-NMs. In vivo, RSV-NMs provided protection against LPS-induced bone destruction, as evidenced by a decreased number of osteoclasts, increased bone density, and reduced area of bone resorption. Taken together, these results indicate that our ROS-responsive RSV-NMs can be employed as a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of inflammatory osteolysis.

Sustained release of chlorogenic acid-loaded nanomicelles alleviates bone loss in mouse periodontitis.

Periodontitis is a prevalent chronic inflammatory disease that destroys the periodontal supporting tissues, impinges on oral health, and is correlated with an increased risk of systemic disease. Currently, the main drug treatment is antibiotic therapy; however, systemic antibiotic therapy still has various drawbacks such as bacterial resistance, low bioavailability and burst release. It is noteworthy that the local use of non-antibiotic drugs with sustained release characteristics can effectively overcome these problems. It has been documented that chlorogenic acid (CGA) has good anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. To achieve the sustained release of CGA, we synthesized CGA-PLGA@PVP nanomicelles by loading CGA onto poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) and modified them with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) for better dispersion. The results demonstrated that CGA-PLGA@PVP nanomicelles could prolong the release time of CGA, and could not only effectively remove reactive oxygen species (ROS) but also downregulate the overexpression of proinflammatory cytokines in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated RAW264.7 cells. Moreover, CGA-PLGA@PVP nanomicelles could remain in gingival tissue for more than 24 hours after local injection, inhibit alveolar bone resorption and prevent the progression of periodontitis in a mouse model, showing good biocompatibility. Therefore, CGA-PLGA@PVP nanomicelles have great properties and are expected to be a novel therapeutic strategy for periodontitis.

Tree species identification based on the fusion of bark and leaves.

For trees, leaves are often used for identification, but the shape of leaves changes greatly, bark will be another identifying feature. However, it is difficult to recognize by a single organ when there are intra class differences and inter class similarities between leaves or bark. So we fuse features of leaf and bark. Firstly, we collected 17 species of leaves and bark of trees through field shooting and web crawling. Then propose a method of combining convolution neural network (CNN) with cascade fusion, additive fusion algorithm, bilinear fusion and score level fusion. Finally, the features extracted from the leaves and bark are fused in the ReLu layer and Fully connected layer. The method was compared with single organ recognition, Support Vector Machines (SVM), and existing fusion methods, results show that the two organ fusion method proposed are better than the other recognition methods, and recognition accuracy is 87.86%. For similar trees, when it is impossible to accurately determine its species by a single organ, the fusion of two organs can effectively improve this situation.

The Comparison of Laparoscopic Colorectal Resection with Natural Orifice Specimen Extraction versus Mini-Laparotomy Specimen Extraction for Colorectal Tumours: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Short-Term Outcomes.

AIM: The aims of this study were to compare the short-term outcomes of natural orifice specimen extraction surgery (NOSES) and conventional laparoscopic surgery (CLAPS) for colorectal tumours and to evaluate the safety and feasibility of NOSES in colorectal resection. METHODS: A literature review was performed on the PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase databases up to March 2019. Papers conforming to the inclusion criteria were used for further analysis. The short-term outcomes included intraoperative outcomes and postoperative recovery results. The weighted mean difference (WMD) was calculated for continuous outcomes and odds ratio (OR) for dichotomous results. Study quality was evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale (NOS) or the 6-item Jadad scale. RESULTS: Eight studies comprising 686 patients met the inclusion criteria. Compared with CLAPS, NOSES had more advantages in terms of postoperative complications, postoperative pain, recovery of gastrointestinal function, duration of hospital stay, and cosmetic results. The lymph nodes harvested and intraoperative blood loss in NOSES were comparable with CLAPS; however, a prolonged operative time was observed in NOSES. CONCLUSIONS: NOSES was shown to be a safe and viable alternative to CLAPS in colorectal oncology in terms of short-term results. Further long-term and randomized trials are required.

Inhibition of ALDH2 expression aggravates renal injury in a rat sepsis syndrome model.

Mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) is closely associated with organ injury. The aim of the present study was to investigate the change of ALDH2 expression in a rat model of sepsis-induced acute renal injury, and to observe the effect of ALDH2 inhibition on the kidney. A model of sepsis syndrome was established in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). The rats were divided into sham, CLP and CLP + cyanamide (CYA, an ALDH2 inhibitor) groups. The hemodynamic parameters heart rate (HR) and mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) were measured. Plasma creatinine (CRE) and urea nitrogen (BUN) levels were measured using an automatic biochemical analyzer. Malondialdehyde (MDA) content and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the kidney tissue were measured. Histological changes of the kidney tissue were observed using hematoxylin and eosin staining and NF-κB p65 expression was observed by an immunohistochemical staining method. The expression of renal ALDH2 at the mRNA and protein levels was detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. In the CLP compared with the sham group after 24 h, the MABP was decreased, plasma CRE and BUN levels were elevated, the renal MDA level was increased and SOD activity was decreased. In addition, glomerular atrophy occurred, the renal protein expression of NF-κB p65 was increased, and the mRNA and protein expression levels of ALDH2 were decreased. In contrast with the CLP group, in the CLP + CYA group, the MABP and ALDH2 expression were further decreased while glomerular atrophy was aggravated. Furthermore, CRE, BUN, MDA levels and NF-κB p65 expression were further increased and SOD activity was further reduced. In this rat model of sepsis syndrome, the reduction of renal ALDH2 expression was accompanied by kidney injury. Inhibition of ALDH2 with CYA aggravated the renal injury, and was associated with the overproduction of reactive oxygen species and inflammatory reaction.

Testin is a tumor suppressor in non-small cell lung cancer.

The Testin gene was previously identified in the fragile chromosomal region FRA7G at 7q31.2. It has been implicated in several types of cancers including prostate, ovarian, breast and gastric cancer. In the present study, we investigated the function of the candidate tumor-suppressor Testin gene in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In NSCLC cell lines, we observed lower expression of Testin compared to that noted in normal human bronchial epithelial cells. MTT assays, flow cytometry, clonogenic assay and invasion assay showed that the overexpression of the Testin gene inhibited cancer cell proliferation, invasion and colony formation. In tumor xenograft models, Testin markedly inhibited lung cancer cell xenograft formation and growth in athymic nude mice. Taken together, these data suggest that Testin plays an important role in the development and progression of NSCLC. Testin may be an effective novel target in NSCLC prevention and treatment.

[Effects of low-concentrations alcohol consumption on the expression of mitofusin-2 in myocardial injury of diabetic rats].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of low-concentrations of alcohol consumption on the expression of mitofusin-2 (mfn2) in myocardial injury of diabetic rats. METHODS: Diabetic rat model was simulated by intraperitoneal injection of 55 mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ) and divided into control group, diabetes mellitus(DM) and diabetes+ethanol (DM+EtOH) groups (n=6). When diabetic model was suc-ceed, daily consumption of 2.5% ethanol was used in ethanol+diabetic group after one week, then changed to 5% ethanol continued until 8 weeks. Eight weeks after the modeling, heart perfusion ex vivo. The ventricular hemodynamic parameters were recorded, the serum levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were determined by automatic biochemistry analyzer, the mfn2 protein ex-pression of left anterior myocardium was evaluated by Western blot and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Compared with control group, the left ventricular development pressure (LVDP), heart rate (HR) and rate pressure product (RPP) were decreased, however, left ventricular and diastolic pressure (LVEDP) and LDH, AST release were increased, the expression of mfn2 protein was decreased in DM group. Compared with DM group, LVDP, HR and RPP and the expression of mfn2 protein were increased, LVEDP and LDH, AST were decreased in DM+E-tOH group. CONCLUSIONS: The expression of mfn2 protein was decreased in myocardial injury of diabetic rats, low-concentrations of alcohol consumption increased the expression of mfn2. It suggests that mfn2 may be participated in the cardiac protective role of low-concentrations al-cohol intervene in diabetic rat.

Ethanol at low concentration attenuates diabetes induced lung injury in rats model.

To observe the changes of lung injury when diabetic rats were treated with low concentration of ethanol (EtOH) and analyze the related mechanisms, male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided into control, diabetic (DM), and EtOH+DM groups. Diabetic rat was mimicked by injection of streptozotocin intraperitoneally. Fasting blood glucose (FBG) level, lung weight (LW), body weight (BW), and LW/BW were measured. The changes of lung tissue and Type II alveolar cell were detected. Pulmonary malondialdehyde (MDA) content and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were measured; meanwhile, ALDH2 mRNA and protein expressions were detected by RT-PCR and western blotting, respectively. Compared with control group, in DM group, SOD activity was decreased; FBG level, LW/BW, MDA content, ALDH2 mRNA, and protein expressions were decreased. Compared with DM group, in EtOH+DM group, SOD activity, ALDH2 mRNA, and protein expressions were increased; LW/BW and MDA content were decreased. The structures of lung tissue and lamellar bodies were collapsed in DM group; the injury was attenuated in EtOH+DM group. Our findings suggested that, in diabetic rat, pulmonary ALDH2 expression was decreased accompanying lung injury. EtOH at low concentration decreased diabetes induced lung injury through activating ALDH2 expression.

[Status of household disaster preparedness and affecting factors among the general public of four counties in Shaanxi].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the status of household disaster preparedness in 4 counties of Shaanxi province and explore the affecting factors. METHODS: During the period from September to October in 2008, multi-stage sampling was used to select subjects from urban and rural residents in Xincheng district, Hantai district, Fuping county and Xunyang county of Shaanxi province. Questionnaire survey was conducted among 1945 subjects aged 18-88 years to investigate their experience and expectation of disaster events, preparedness knowledge, activities and emergency supplies. Logistic regression was used to analyze the factors influencing household disaster preparedness. RESULTS: The average age of the 1945 subjects was (43.55 ± 12.76) years old. A total of 7.12% (138/1939) of respondents never experienced disaster. Earthquake and fire (57.35% (1175/2049), 19.81% (406/2049), respectively) were rated as the two disasters most likely to occur. The awareness rate of knowledge about household disaster preparedness was 51.43% (989/1923), and 23.41% (454/1939) discussed how to prepare for disaster with their family, only 9.27% (179/1932) attended evacuation drill. The rates of preparing household emergency supplies were 23.64% (230/973), 30.56% (55/180), 31.19% (141/452) and 54.49% (97/178) for urban residents, subjects with junior college or above education, subjects having frequent family discussions of disaster preparedness and subjects participating in emergency rescue drills, respectively. For subjects with junior high school, senior high school and junior college or higher education, the likelihood of preparing household emergency supplies was 5.02 (95%CI: 1.12 - 22.42), 5.74 (95%CI: 1.27 - 26.04) and 6.84 (95%CI: 1.44 - 32.39) times as that of illiterate, respectively. Urban residents, subjects who often discussed disaster preparedness with their family, and who participated in emergency rescue drills were more likely to prepare emergency supplies than rural residents (OR = 4.38, 95%CI: 2.74 - 7.00), those who never discussed (OR = 4.99, 95%CI: 2.52 - 9.91), and who didn't participate (OR = 5.72, 95%CI: 3.84 - 8.51). CONCLUSION: The residents in 4 counties of Shaanxi lack comprehensive knowledge and appropriate activities of disaster preparedness, the rate of preparing household emergency supplies is low. Higher education, living in urban area, frequent family discussions of disaster preparedness and participating in emergency rescue drills are facilitating factors of preparing household emergency supplies.

An open-labeled, randomized, multicenter phase IIa study of gambogic acid injection for advanced malignant tumors.

BACKGROUND: Gambogic acid is a pure active compound isolated from the traditional Chinese medicinal plant gamboge (Garcinia morella Desv.). Based on the preliminary results of a phase I study, this phase IIa study compared the efficacy and safety of different dosage schedules of gambogic acid in patients with advanced malignant tumors. METHODS: Patients with advanced or metastases cancer who had not received any effective routine conventional treatment or who had failed to respond to the existing conventional treatment were randomly assigned to receive either 45 mg/m(2) gambogic acid intravenously from Days 1 to 5 of a 2-week cycle (Group A), or 45 mg/m(2) every other day for a total of five times during a 2-week cycle (Group B). The primary endpoint was objective response rate (ORR). RESULTS: Twenty-one patients assigned to Group A and 26 to Group B were included in the final analysis. The ORRs were 14.3% in Group A and 0% in Group B. It was not possible to analyze the significant difference because one of the values was zero. The disease control rates (DCRs) were 76.2% in Group A and 61.5% in Group B (P = 0.0456). The observed adverse reactions were mostly Grades I and II, and occurred in most patients after administration of the trial drug. There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two arms. CONCLUSIONS: The preliminary results of this phase IIa exploratory study suggest that gambogic acid has a favorable safety profile when administered at 45 mg/m(2). The DCR was greater in patients receiving gambogic acid on Days 1 - 5 of a 2-week cycle, but the incidence of adverse reactions was similar irrespective of the administration schedule.

[The application of uncut Roux-en-Y esophagojejunostomy with distal jejunal pouch on behalf of the stomach surgery in the digestive tract reconstruction after total gastrectomy].

OBJECTIVE: To study the clinical value of uncut Roux-en-Y esophagojejunostomy with distal jejunal pouch on behalf of the stomach (URYAJP) surgery in the digestive tract reconstruction after total gastrectomy. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of radical resection of the whole stomach in 486 cases of gastric cancer patients, divided into the URYAJP group (n = 189), the P-loop Roux-en-Y behalf of the stomach surgery (PRY) group (n = 150) and pure Roux-en-Y reconstruction (RY) group (n = 147). Three groups were compared in patients with surgical reconstruction time, the occurrence of postoperative complications, the postoperative weight after 6, 12 and 24 months, the single meal food intake and prognostic nutritional index (PNI) and Visick points class situation after 12 and 24 months. RESULTS: (1) The URYAJP group and RY group had no significant difference in digestive tract reconstruction time ((37 ± 6) minutes and (38 ± 6) minutes respectively), but PRY group was significantly prolonged ((47 ± 6) minutes, t = 7.52 and 6.54, P < 0.05). (2) In the comparison of the incidence of complications, URYAJP group has 2.1% rate of Roux stay syndrome (RSS) incidence, significantly less than PRY group (21.3%) and RY group (19.7%) (χ² = 14.84, P < 0.05). (3) In the comparison the postoperative nutritional status, URYAJP group clear asset, showing the degree of ((3.1 ± 1.0) kg) weight loss after 12 months (t = 25.03 and 22.99, P < 0.05). And after 12, 24 months, a single meal eating reached the preoperative level is 94.8% and 96.9% in URYAJP group, while PRY group and RY group is less than 50% (χ(2) = 61.10, 69.17, 65.17 and 73.29, P < 0.05). URYAJP Group reach the preoperative levels of PNI in 24 months after surgery, while PRY and RY group were still lower than per-operation (t = 106.97 and 100.37, P < 0.05). (4) The Visick points class I-II postoperative 12 and 24 months in URYAJP group were 92.7% and 93.8%, significantly better than group B and C (χ² = 10.63, 14.19, 10.10 and 10.74, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: URYAJP surgery give full play to maintain intestinal continuity, simple operation, and advantages of food storage bags, it can reduce the long-term postoperative complications, improve the nutritional status of patients and improve quality of life. It is worthy of promoting a way of gastrointestinal reconstruction.

Expression of TRAF6 and ubiquitin mRNA in skeletal muscle of gastric cancer patients.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prognostic significance of tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR),-associated factor 6 (TRAF6),-and ubiquitin in gastric cancer patients. METHODS: Biopsies of the rectus abdominis muscle were obtained intra operatively from 102 gastric cancer patients and 29 subjects undergoing surgery for benign abdominal diseases, and muscle TRAF6 and ubiquitin mRNA expression and proteasome proteolytic activities were assessed. RESULTS: TRAF6 was significantly upregulated in muscle of gastric cancer compared with the control muscles. TRAF6 was upregulated in 67.65% (69/102) muscle of gastric cancer. Over expression of TRAF6 in muscles of gastric cancer were associated with TNM stage, level of serum albumin and percent of weight loss. Ubiquitin was significantly upregulated in muscle of gastric cancer compared with the control muscles. Ubiquitin was upregulated in 58.82% (60/102) muscles of gastric cancer. Over expression of ubiquitin in muscles of gastric cancer were associated with TNM (Tumor-Node-Metastasis) stage and weight loss. There was significant relation between TRAF6 and ubiquitin expression. CONCLUSIONS: We found a positive correlation between TRAF6 and ubiquitin expression, suggesting that TRAF6 may up regulates ubiquitin activity in cancer cachexia. While more investigations are required to understand its mechanisms of TRAF6 and ubiquitin in skeletal muscle. Correct the catabolic-anabolic imbalance is essential for the effective treatment of cancer cachexia.

[The role of nitric oxide in ethanol postconditioning induced cardioprotection].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether the release of nitric oxide (NO) was involved in the cardioprotection of ethanol postconditioning in isolated rat hearts. METHODS: Hearts isolated from male SD rats were subjected to 30 min of regional ischemia (occlusion of left anterior descending artery) followed by 120 min of reperfusion. Ethanol postconditioning was fulfilled through perfusion of 50 mmol/L ethanol for 15 min (at the end of cardiac ischemia for 5 min and at the beginning of reperfusion for 10 min). The rats were divided into five groups: normal, ischemia and reperfusion, ethanol postconditioning, ethanol postconditioning + L-nitro-arginine-methylester (L-NAME) and ethanol postconditioning + atractyloside. The ventricular hemodynamic parameters and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release during reperfusion were measured. The infarct size was measured by TTC staining method and NO content was measured by nitric acid reductase method. The expressions of Bcl-2 and Bax mRNA were detected by RT-PCR analysis. RESULTS: In contrast to ischemia and reperfusion, ethanol postconditioning improved left ventricular developed pressure, rate pressure product during reperfusion, reduced LDH release and infarct size. NO content was decreased. The ratio of Bcl-2/Bax was increased. Administration of nitric oxide synthase inhibitor L-NAME or mitochondrial permeability transition pore opener atractyloside both attenuated the role of ethanol postconditioning, which inhibited the recovery of hemodynamic parameters, the decreases of LDH and infarct size. NO content was decreased further. The ratio of Bcl-2/Bax was decreased. CONCLUSION: The cardioprotection of ethanol postconditioning may be associated with reducing nitric oxide release, inhibiting the opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pore and decreasing the happening of apoptosis.

[Effect of early enteral nutrition supplemented with glutamine on postoperative intestinal mucosal barrier function in patients with gastric carcinoma].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of early enteral nutrition (EEN) supplemented with glutamine on postoperative intestinal mucosal barrier function of patients with gastric carcinoma. METHODS: Eighty patients with gastric carcinoma who underwent intraoperative peritoneal hyperthermic chemotherapy(IPHC) were randomized into two groups: EEN+glutamine (EEN+Gln) group(n=40) and EEN group(n=40). Intestinal mucosal barrier function was evaluated by serum diamine oxidase (DAO), ratio of lactulose to mannitol(L/M), endotoxin lipopolysaccharides(LPS), and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) at 1 day before operation, 1 day, 7 days, 12 days after operation. Time to first flatus and tolerance to EEN were recorded as well. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in the two groups in demographics(all P>0.05). Two cases(5%) in the EEN+Gln group and 1 case (2.5%) in the EEN group could not tolerate well(P>0.05). On postoperative day 1, there were no differences in serum DAO, L/M ratio, LPS, TNF-α between the two groups (P>0.05). On postoperative day 7, all the parameters for mucosal barrier function were significantly lower in the EEN+Gln group. On postoperative day 12, the urinary L/M and DAO, LPS, and TNF-α were still significantly lower in the EEN+Gln group, however, urinary L/M was comparable between the two groups. There were no differences between the two groups in the time to first flatus (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: The immunologic tolerance of enteral nutrition supplemented with glutamine is favorable, which provides protective effect on intestinal mucosal barrier in patients with gastric carcinoma undergoing IPHC.

[The effect of cyclosporine A on lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury in mice].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of mitochondrial permeability transition pore inhibitor cyclosporine A (CsA) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury in mice. METHODS: All male ICR mice were randomly divided into five groups (n = 24): control group, LPS group, dexamethasone group, cyclosporine A(CsA) group and CsA + atractyloside(Atr) group. Six hours after treatment with LPS, the activity of lactate dehydrogenlase (LDH) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and level of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in lung tissue were detected. The lung wet weight/dry weight ratio and the pulmonary capillary permeability index were also detected. RESULTS: In contrast to LPS group, the mitochondrial permeability transition pore inhibitor CsA induced a decrease in LDH activity in the BALF and TNF-alpha level in lung tissue, lung wet weight/dry weight ratio and the pulmonary capillary permeability index were declined. Atractyloside, the activator of mitochondrial permeability transition pore, almost abolished the role of CsA on LPS-induced lung injury. CONCLUSION: These results suggested that CsA plays the protective effect on LPS-induced lung injury in mice, it is likely through inhibiting the opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pore.

[Nutritional therapy of duodenocutaneous fistula].

OBJECTIVE: To summarize the experience in nutritional support for the management of duodenocutaneous fistula. METHODS: Data of 32 patients with duodenocutaneous fistula in Zhejiang provincial people's hospital from January 1999 to December 2009 were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: The mean duration of nutritional support was 35.6 days (range, 8-82 days). Eight received total parenteral nutrition, 2 total enteral nutrition, and 22 parenteral nutrition combined with enteral nutrition respectively. Succus entericus reinfusion with enteral nutrition was used in 11 cases, glutamine-enriched nutritional support in 28 cases, somatostatin in 12 cases. In these patients, the healing rate was 75.0% after conservative treatment. In the 8 patients who underwent surgery, 6 were cured and 2 died (due to severe abdominal infection and multiple organ failure). A total of 30 patients had the fistulas cured and discharged. CONCLUSIONS: Parenteral nutrition combined with enteral nutrition, succus entericus reinfusion combined with enteral nutrition, glutamine-enriched nutritional support and somatostatin are important factors for the healing of duodenocutaneous fistulas.

[Study on indicator system for evaluating the adult health literacy in China].

OBJECTIVE: To establish a comprehensive evaluation indicator system for healthy literacy based on national survey data. METHOD: A multi-stage stratified sampling method was carried out to select the sample population in six provinces of China, which were adults aged 18 - 69 years old. The national health literacy questionnaire was used to investigate the sample populations. The answers were scored according to the error answer of 0, uncertain answer of 1 and the correct answer of 2. The degrees of difficulty and difference were calculated and be used to screen the indicators from the questionnaire as to establishing the comprehensive evaluation indicator system of the health literacy. The Cronbach alpha coefficient, correlation analysis, regression analysis and cluster analysis methods were used to assess the reliability and validity of the indicator system. RESULTS: The samples were 11 759 people, the valid questionnaires were 11 693 and the effective recovery rate was 99.4%, the Myer' index of sample was 4.92. There were 40 indexes selected to establish the comprehensive evaluation indicator system of health literacy. The correlation coefficient between indicator system and the questionnaire scores was 0.948 (P < 0.01), there were the significant differences between groups of being clustered by Q cluster analysis method (P < 0.01). The VIF of these four dimensions was less than 5. CONCLUSION: In this study, the comprehensive evaluation indicator system had a good reliability and validity, and there existed no collinearity among four dimensions of indicator system, it should be the foundation for developing comprehensive evaluation index of health literacy.

[Public health situation and needs assessment after Wenchuan earthquake in Anxian, Sichuan province].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the public health situation and needs in Anxian after Wenchuan earthquake so as to make an effective strategy for disease control and prevention. METHODS: 69 concentrated settlements with 100 residents were investigated. Probability proportion to size was adopted for sampling of 2200 residents from 687 scattered households (about 440 000 scattered residents). The content of this survey included drinking water, food hygiene, environment sanitation, planning immunity and medical health service, disease surveillance and so on. SPSS 16.0 was used for data analysis, and statistical interpretation was used to describe the results. RESULTS: 90.9% (31/66) resettled residents in Anxian lived in tents, 7.6% (5/66) lived in the movable-plate house, 93.3% (621/666) scattered households lived in tents and 71.9% (446/621) of them lived in tents which were built by residents themselves; the rate of drinking water disinfection in resettlement sites and scattered households were 97.1% (66/68) and 94.6% (650/687); 12.8% scattered residents had mouldy or food; 50% of resettlement sites raised animals; 43.6% (17/39) medical station didn't have bacterin inoculation service; 66.7% (10/15) lacked sufficient disinfection equipment; register rate was 50.0% (33/66) and report rate of symptoms and infectious diseases was 56.1% (37/66). CONCLUSION: There was still some risk of enteric and vector-borne diseases in Anxian, therefore, some tailored measures should be very important.