Spirotetramat induce cambios histológicos y bioquímicos en rata Wistar / Spirotetramat induces histological and biochemical changes in Wistar rats

Spirotetramat, comercialmente conocido como Movento®, es derivado del ácido tetrámico, empleado en el cultivo de la vid y de algunos vegetales para el control de parásitos chupadores. Los estudios toxicológicos in vivo solo publican una descripción general de su metabolismo. El objetivo de este estudio fue conocer los cambios en el comportamiento, en indicadores bioquímicos séricos e histológicos en ratas Wistar macho. Se realizó los siguientes tratamientos: a) intoxicación aguda con Spirotetramat (BY108330, 15.3%) vía oral con 1⁄4 DL50 (625 mg kg-1) y 1⁄2 DL50 (1250 mg kg-1), y b) control. Se obtuvieron muestras de sangre mediante punción cardíaca los días 1, 3 y 7; las muestras se evaluaron por cambios en indicadores bioquímicos (triglicéridos, colesterol, albúmina, proteína total, actividad de transaminasas, urea y creatinina), y cambios histológicos en hígado, riñón y páncreas. Se presentó la muerte en el 35% de los animales tratados. Se observaron signos de toxicidad como: salivación, ataxia, convulsiones, sangrado nasal y diarrea. El peso corporal y el peso relativo del hígado en promedio fueron constantes, sin diferencias entre tratamientos, ni entre días. El perfil lipídico y las transaminasas presentaron una tendencia al incremento en relación al control. En la evaluación histológica los hepatocitos mostraron degeneración balonoide en el 25% (8 de 32) y colestasis en el 72% (23 de 32) de las ratas intoxicadas, sin embargo en bazo y riñón no se observaron cambios visibles en relación al control (AU)

Spirotetramat, derived from tetramic acid, and commercially known as Movento®, is applied in grapevine orchards and other vegetable for the control of sucking pests. Published in vivo toxicological studies report only a general description of its metabolism. The objective of this study was to detect changes in the behavior, in blood biochemical markers, and in histological liver cells on male Wistar rats treated with spirotetramat. The following treatments were applied: a) acute poisoning with spirotetramat (BY108330, 15.3%) oral route with 1⁄4 DL50 (625 mg kg- 1) and 1⁄2 DL50 (1250 mg kg-1), and b) control. Blood samples were obtained by heart punction on days 1, 3 and 7; the samples were evaluated for changes of biochemical indicators (triglycerides, cholesterol, albumin, total protein, transaminase activity, urea and creatinine), and by histological changes in liver, kidney and pancreas. Death occurred in 35% of the treated animals. Some signs of toxicity were observed: nasal running, diarrhea, salivation, ataxia, convulsions, and bleeding. The average body weight and the liver relative weight were stable during the experiment, without differences between treatments, nor between days. The lipid profile and transaminases showed a clear tendency to increase in relation to the control. In the histological evaluation the hepatocytes showed balloonoide degeneration in 25% (8 of 32) and cholestasis in 72% (23 of 32) of the exposed rats; however, there were not visible changes in spleen and kidney in relation to the control (AU)

Nutritional and clinical evaluation of a modified soy protein with covalently bound branched-chain amino acids in cirrhotic sprague-dawley rats.

Several studies suggested that branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) improve plasma amino acid imbalance as well as protein metabolism in patients with cirrhosis. However, commercial formulas supplemented with free BCAA have their limitations. We evaluated a modified soy protein diet with covalently bound BCAA (diet M) by comparing it with diets based on casein (diet C) or Hepatic Aid II (diet H; commercial formula) as protein sources. After 3 weeks of bile duct obstruction, 24 Sprague-Dawley rats divided into three groups received diets with 9% (w/w) protein/amino acids for 7 days. Nutritional and clinical parameters were determined. Nitrogen balance and weight gain (g)/protein intake (g) with diet M (0.19 +/- 0.31 and 1.33 +/- 1.43 g, respectively) were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than with diet H (-0.34 +/- 0.20 and -0.34 +/- 1.11 g), but comparable to those with diet C (0.04 +/- 0.38 and 0.20 +/- 0.93 g). Animals on diet M had a significantly (p < 0.05) increased plasma BCAA:aromatic amino acid ratio (1.8 +/- 0.3) as compared with those on diets H (1.3 +/- 0.1) and C (0.8 +/- 0.0). There were no significant differences in organ weight or liver function among the groups. We conclude that the BCAA-modified protein is an attractive option in the nutritional support of patients having cirrhosis.

Immunolocalization of betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase in porcine kidney.

Polyclonal anti-BADH serum was raised in rabbits against native BADH purified from porcine kidney. The antiserum cross-reacted strongly with BADH purified from kidney, Amaranthus palmierii, and Pseudomona aeuroginosa (1:1000), and weakly with Amaranthus hypochondriacus L (1:100). Antibodies bound to purified native kidney BADH in immunoblots showed a major band of an apparent molecular mass of 340 kDa and a subunit with an apparent molecular mass of 52 kDa. Data on activity assays showed higher activity in cortex sections (81.3 nmol/min/mg protein) than in medulla sections (21.3 nmol/min/mg protein). Immunolocalization of BADH in kidney tissue sections showed that BADH is found in cortex and medulla. In inner medulla, the enzyme was mainly localized in cells surrounding the tubules. Western blot analysis on extracts from the cortex and medulla sections showed higher concentration of BADH protein in cortex than in medulla. These results were in accordance with immunolocalization and activity analysis.

[Ovarian pregnancy: report of a case]. / Embarazo ovárico: informe de un caso.

Ectopic pregnancy (EP), is the consequence of an abnormal implantation of the blastocyste. EP is frequently located in the tubal (95-98%); and is located in the ovary, 0.5-1%. It is presented the clinical pathological case of a 29 year-old woman, who showed acute abdominal symptoms at her arrival to emergency room. This diagnostic case made fulfilling the four pathological criteria described by Spielgelberg.

[Usefulness of liver biopsy in the study of the pediatric patient. Review of 145 cases]. / Utilidad de la biopsia hepática en el estudio del paciente pediátrico. Revisión de 145 casos.

There were reviewed 145 cases of children in which hepatic biopsy was done at the Hospital Infantil del Estado de Sonora, from 1978 to 1990. The larger age group were infants and preschool children (74.3 percent) males being predominant; signs and symptoms were related with hepatic illness, as well as the admission diagnoses. The indication of biopsy was for confirmation of liver disease in more than 50 percent, 37.1 percent for unknown diagnoses and 20.6 percent to look for liver disease by a systemic illness. The most usual procedure was percutaneous biopsy with Vim-Silverman needle in 111 cases (76.5 percent), in 23 percent, the biopsy was done by major surgical method. Nine percent of the children needed open surgical method after percutaneous biopsy. The time from the admission to biopsy performance in patients with neonatal hepatitis vs biliary atresia was 14 days. In other type of illness the time was 25 days. The morbidity was 1 percent. There was no mortality. The histopathologic diagnosis of liver diseases was done in 96 cases (66.7 percent) by this method in 31 children (21.3 percent) with investigation of jaundice (neonatal hepatitis vs biliary atresia). The diagnostic mistake in tissues obtained by percutaneous needle, was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Average hospitalization stay was less than two months in 70 percent of the cases.

[Treatment of osteosarcoma in children with pre- and postoperative chemotherapy and block resection of the tumor]. / Tratamiento de osteosarcoma en niños con quimioterapia pre y postoperatoria y resección en bloque del tumor.

The authors describe the results of five pediatric patients with nonmetastatic osteosarcoma of an extremity, admitted from 1987 to 1989 to the Hospital Infantil del Estado de Sonora. Four patients presented with their primary tumor located at the distal end of the femur, whereas one had a primary lesion of the humerus. All of them received preoperative chemotherapy consisted of two cycles of cisplatin and adriamycin. One of the patients presented immediate complications after first cicle and died due to overwhelming sepsis by Candida albicans. Surgery was an amputation in one patients and block ressection in three cases. Necrosis was good in three cases, fair in one. Postoperative chemotherapy consisted of bleomycin, cyclophosphamide and dactinomycin every four weeks alternated with cisplatin plus adriamycin. One of the three patients, in which block ressection was made, had a local recurrence 12 months after diagnosis, without metastasis. He underwent desarticulation and died four months later of leukoencephalopathy and no tumor was found on necropsy. Three patients have remained continuously free of disease with follow up of 20, 26 and 31 months after diagnosis and are out of chemotherapy since 5, 12 and 17 months, respectively. In two of them the affected extremity still is safe.

Insuficiencia renal aguda como manifestacion inicial de leucemia. Informe de 1 caso. / Acute renal failure as initial manifestation of leukemia.Report of a case

Se informa el caso de un adolescente de 14 anos de edad que ingreso al Hospital del Nino del Noroeste DIF, por presentar cuadro clinico y bioquimico de insuficiencia renal aguda, estableciendose el diagnostico de leucemia un dia antes de su fallecimiento. El estudio postmortem revelo crecimiento renal bilateral por infiltracion de celulas leucemicas. Se describe el caso en sus aspectos clinicos; de laboratorio y anatomopatologicos mas sobresalientes ademas se enfatiza la necesidad de hacer diagnostico diferencial con leucemia ante un paciente con insuficiencia renal aguda y pancitopenia periferica

Muerte extrahospitalaria. / Extrahospitalary death

Se analizaron 40 casos de muerte extrahospitalaria en el Hospital del Nino DIF del Noroeste, en Hermosillo, Sonora, de abril de 1978 a marzo de 1981, habiendose encontrado un caso de muerte subita inexplicable. Se reinterrogo a los familiares de 16 de los caso y en la mayoria se encontraron datos premonitorios como insuficiencia respiratoria, rechazo al alimento, vomito frecuente, epistaxis, hematemesis y convulsiones, que de haber sido detectados a tiempo, muy probablemente hubieran contribuido a evitar el deceso. Se enfatiza la importancia de la autopsia en todos los casos de muerte extrahospitalaria

Hemosiderosis pulmonar idiopatica. / Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis

La hemosiderosis pulmonar idiopatica (HPI) es una entidad clinica de presentacion poco frecuente; tiene estigmas clinicos que en el curso de su evolucion pocas veces tomamos en cuenta, a pesar de que estos son senalados insistentemente en las diversas publicaciones de la literatura medica; nos referimos basicamente a la presencia de tos cronica, anemia hipocromica ferropenica, disnea, expectoracion hemoptoica e infiltrado pulmonar difuso, con imagenes de condensacion del espacio aereo, rapidamente cambiantes y evolucion a fibrosis intersticial.Esta situacion nos motivo a revisar el numero de casos existentes en el Hospital del Nino del Noroeste DIF, en sus primeros cinco anos de labores (1977-1982). Encontramos tres casos de pacientes que reunieron los requisitos minimos para catalogarlos bajo el diagnostico de HPI, descartandose previamente patologias tales como cardiopatias congenitas, lupus eritematoso, anemias hemoliticas talasemias e infecciones cronicas. En este trabajo informamos los rasgos mas sobresalientes, sobre evolucion, estudios para diagnostico y tratamiento, a la vez sue se vierten los conceptos mas aceptables acerca de la etiopatogenia

Coccidioidomicosis meningea en ninos.Estudio de cinco casos. / Meningeal coccidioidomycosis in childrens. Study of 5 cases

Se revisaron los expedientes clinicos de cinco pacientes con coccidioidomicosis meningea, internados en el Hospital del Nino del Noroeste DIF. La edad de los pacientes vario de cuatro meses a 13 anos, todos eran residentes de area endemica y cursaron con sintomatologia neurologica cronica y vaga. El diagnostico etiologico no fue posible establecerlo en base a los hallazgos clinicos, radiologicos ni aun con las alteraciones descritas en el estudio citoquimico del liquido cefalorraquideo, por lo que fue necesario realizar pruebas inmunologicas especificas en este y buscar intencionadamente el hongo para llegar al diagnostico de certeza. El tratamiento en tres de los casos fue medicoquirurgico mediante la administracion de anfotericina B intravenosa e intratecal y colocacion de reservorio subcutaneo craneal y/o derivacion ventriculoperitoneal. La respuesta al tratamiento fue mala, interviniendo varios factores para ello, principalmente la tardanza para establecer la etiologia del padecimiento. De los casos tratados, un solo paciente vive (33%); no ha presentado recaidas y lleva una vida normal. Se concluye que la coccidioidomicosis meningea no es rara en areas endemicas, debiendose investigar en todos aquellos pacientes con manifestaciones neuropsiquiatricas de evolucion prolongada y que residan en dichas areas, ya que la tardanza en su diagnostico se acompana de una alta morbilidad y letalidad. Coccidioidomicosis meningea

[Severe mixed immunodeficiency. Report of a case]. / Inmunodeficiencia mixta grave. Presentacióm de un caso

The case of a 3 month old child with severe combined sex linked immunodeficiency is presented. The diagnosis was well doccumented, during his life. The child presented as a case of mucocutaneous moniliasis resistant to treatment. There was a history of similar cases in the family; diagnosis was made at post-mortem in one cousin and death occurred at early age in all kins so affected. Blood marrow transplant was not feasible in our case because histocompatibility was lacking in the kins studied. Three units of transfer factor were given as well as hyperimmune plasma but the child died in respiratory failure. Autopsy demonstrated pulmonary infection by Pneumocystic carinii and generalized citomegalic inclussion virus infection; almost complete absence of immune tissue was also demonstrated.