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1.
Children (Basel) ; 9(4)2022 Mar 25.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35455506

RESUMO

Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) comprise a group of heterogeneous and complex neurodevelopmental disorders. Genetic and environmental factors contribute to ASD etiology. DNA methylation is particularly relevant for ASD due to its mediating role in the complex interaction between genotype and environment and has been implicated in ASD pathophysiology. The lack of diversity in DNA methylation studies in ASD individuals is remarkable. Since genetic and environmental factors are likely to vary across populations, the study of underrepresented populations is necessary to understand the molecular alterations involved in ASD and the risk factors underlying these changes. This study explored genome-wide differences in DNA methylation patterns in buccal epithelium cells between Mexican ASD patients (n = 27) and age-matched typically developing (TD: n = 15) children. DNA methylation profiles were evaluated with the Illumina 450k array. We evaluated the interaction between sex and ASD and found a differentially methylated region (DMR) over the 5'UTR region of ZFP57 and one of its targets, RASGRF2. These results match previous findings in brain tissue, which may indicate that ZFP57 could be used as a proxy for DNA methylation in different tissues. This is the first study performed in a Mexican, and subsequently, Latin American, population that evaluates DNA methylation in ASD patients.

2.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-220358

RESUMO

Las personas con Trastornos del Espectro Autista (TEA) representan una población heterogénea connecesidades diversas que han sido desatendidas durante la crisis provocada por el COVID-19. En este trabajose describe la intervención virtual realizada durante el confinamiento con un niño de cuatro años diagnosticadocon TEA y se hace una crítica de las carencias que el sistema sanitario tiene para proteger a este colectivo en situaciones de emergencia.(AU)


Peoplewith Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) represent a heterogeneous population with diverse needs that havebeen neglected during the COVID-19 crisis. This paper describes the virtual intervention carried out during theconfinement of a four-year-old boy diagnosed with ASD and criticises the shortcomings of the health system inprotecting this group in emergencies.(AU)


Les persones amb trastorns de l'espectre autista (TEA) representen una població heterogènia amb neces-sitats diverses que han estat desateses durant la crisi provocada per la COVID-19. En aquest treball es descriula intervenció virtual realitzada durant el confinament amb un nen de quatre anys diagnosticat amb TEA i es fauna crítica de les mancances que el sistema sanitari té per protegir aquest col·lectiu en situacions d'emergència.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Pandemias , Infecções por Coronavirus/epidemiologia , Transtorno do Espectro Autista , Psicoterapia , Saúde da Criança , Acompanhantes Formais em Exames Físicos
3.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-202163

RESUMO

En este tra­bajo se describe el caso de una adolescente de 13 años que experimentaba conflictos relativos a la identidad de género y la orientación sexual. Desde la perspectiva psicoanalítica se exploran las variables biográficas que pudieron haber influido en la aparición de este malestar y se profundiza en la relación entre este tipo de conflic­tos durante la adolescencia y el auge de identidades que se desmarcan del binarismo heteronormativo


This paper describes the case of a 13-year-old adolescent girl who experienced conflicts related to gender identity and sexual orientation. From a psychoanalytic perspective, we explore the biographical variables that may have influenced the appea­rance of this discomfort; we examine the relationship between this type of conflict during adolescence and the rise of identities that break away from the heteronormative binarism


En aquest treball, es descriu el cas d'una adolescent de 13 anys que experimentava conflictes relatius a la identitat de gènere I l'orientació sexual. Des de la perspectiva psicoanalítica, s'exploren les variables biogràfiques que podrien ha­ver influït en l'aparició d'aquest malestar I s'aprofundeix en la relació entre aquest tipus de conflicte durant l'adolescència I l'auge d'identitats que es desmarquen del binarisme heteronormatiu


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Adolescente , Comportamento Sexual/psicologia , Identidade de Gênero , Comportamento do Adolescente/psicologia , Terapia Psicanalítica/métodos , Psicanálise , Conflito Psicológico
4.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-202148

RESUMO

La pandemia de COVID-19 ha provocado un cambio dramático en las rutinas de los adolescentes, un colectivo especialmente vulnerable a estresores como el aislamiento social y el sedentarismo. En este trabajo se describe el caso de un adolescente de 13 años que durante el confinamiento desarrolló dependencia al uso del móvil. Se hace una revisión de las implicaciones que la contingencia sanitaria podría tener en la salud mental de los ado­lescentes


The COVID-19 pan­demic has caused a dramatic change in the routines of adolescents, a particularly vulnerable group to stres­sors such as social isolation and sedentariness. This paper describes the case of a 13-year-old adolescent who developed dependence on mobile phone use during the confinement. We review the implications that health contingency could have on adolescents' mental health


La pandèmia de la COVID-19 ha provocat un canvi dramàtic en les rutines dels adolescents, un col·lectiu especialment vulnerable a estressors com l'aïllament social I el sedentarisme. En aquest treball, es descriu el cas d'un adolescent de 13 anys que durant el confinament va desenvolupar dependència a l'ús del mòbil. Es fa una revisió de les implicacions que la contingència sanitària podria tenir en la salut mental dels adolescents


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adolescente , Saúde Mental , Comportamento do Adolescente/psicologia , Infecções por Coronavirus/psicologia , Pneumonia Viral/psicologia , Comportamento Aditivo/psicologia , Uso do Telefone Celular , Pandemias , Betacoronavirus , Smartphone , Quarentena/psicologia , Internet , Fatores de Risco , Comportamento Sedentário
5.
Mol Neurobiol ; 55(8): 6347-6361, 2018 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29294249

RESUMO

Cannabinoid CB1 receptors (CB1R) and serotonergic 2A receptors (5HT2AR) form heteromers in the brain of mice where they mediate the cognitive deficits produced by delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol. However, it is still unknown whether the expression of this heterodimer is modulated by chronic cannabis use in humans. In this study, we investigated the expression levels and functionality of CB1R-5HT2AR heteromers in human olfactory neuroepithelium (ON) cells of cannabis users and control subjects, and determined their molecular characteristics through adenylate cyclase and the ERK 1/2 pathway signaling studies. We also assessed whether heteromer expression levels correlated with cannabis consumption and cognitive performance in neuropsychological tests. ON cells from controls and cannabis users expressed neuronal markers such as ßIII-tubulin and nestin, displayed similar expression levels of genes related to cellular self-renewal, stem cell differentiation, and generation of neural crest cells, and showed comparable Na+ currents in patch clamp recordings. Interestingly, CB1R-5HT2AR heteromer expression was significantly increased in cannabis users and positively correlated with the amount of cannabis consumed, and negatively with age of onset of cannabis use. In addition, a negative correlation was found between heteromer expression levels and attention and working memory performance in cannabis users and control subjects. Our findings suggest that cannabis consumption regulates the formation of CB1R-5HT2AR heteromers, and may have a key role in cognitive processing. These heterodimers could be potential new targets to develop treatment alternatives for cognitive impairments.


Assuntos
Cannabis/efeitos adversos , Células Neuroepiteliais/metabolismo , Bulbo Olfatório/patologia , Receptor CB1 de Canabinoide/metabolismo , Receptor 5-HT2A de Serotonina/metabolismo , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/metabolismo , Adulto , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Linhagem da Célula , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Memória de Curto Prazo , Neurônios/metabolismo , Neurônios/patologia , Testes Neuropsicológicos
6.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-162664

RESUMO

El trastorno de ansiedad generalizada (TAG) se considera una manifestación crónica de ansiedad predominantemente cognitiva y afecta aproximadamente al 2,9 % de los infantes. En este trabajo, se describe el tratamiento psicológico de un niño de siete años diagnosticado con TAG. El caso se abordó a través de un programa de psicoterapia de juego breve con enfoque psicodinámico, el cual consistió en un total de ocho sesiones de 60 minutos de duración en las que se emplearon un conjunto de técnicas que tenían como objetivo principal la expresión de los conflictos emocionales del menor a través de diferentes actividades de juego libre. Este caso clínico aporta evidencia de la efectividad clínica y las ventajas que ofrecen los tratamientos psicoterapéuticos de duración breve en población infantil


Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) is considered to be a chronic manifestation of anxiety, mainly cognitive in type, and it affects approximately 2.9 % of children. The present paper describes the psychological treatment of a 7 year-old child who was diagnosed with GAD. The case was treated through a program of brief play therapy with a psychodynamic focus, carried out over a total of 8 sessions, each with a duration of 60 minutes. In these sessions, a series of techniques were employed with the aim of allowing the patient to express emotional conflicts through free play activities. This case study provides evidence of the clinical effectiveness of the method and of the advantages of brief psychotherapeutic treatments in children


El trastorn d'ansietat generalitzada (TAG) es considera una manifestació crònica d'ansietat predominantment cognitiva I afecta aproximadament el 2,9 % dels infants. En aquest treball es descriu el tractament psicològic d'un nen de set anys diagnosticat de TAG. El cas s'abordà mitjançant un programa de psicoteràpia de joc breu amb enfocament psicodinàmic, el qual va consistir en un total de vuit sessions de 60 minuts de durada en les quals s'empraren un conjunt de tècniques que tenien com a objectiu principal l'expressió dels conflictes emocionals del menor mitjançant diferents activitats de joc lliure. Aquest cas clínic aporta evidència de l'efectivitat clínica I els avantatges que ofereixen els tractaments psicoterapéutics de durada breu en la població infantil


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Criança , Transtornos de Ansiedade/terapia , Ludoterapia/métodos , Psicoterapia Breve/métodos , Jogos e Brinquedos/psicologia , Emoções Manifestas
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