The influence of affective voice on sound distance perception.

Affective stimuli in our environment indicate reward or threat and thereby relate to approach and avoidance behavior. Previous findings suggest that affective stimuli may bias visual perception, but it remains unclear whether similar biases exist in the auditory domain. Therefore, we asked whether affective auditory voices (angry vs. neutral) influence sound distance perception. Two VR experiments (data collection 2021-2022) were conducted in which auditory stimuli were presented via loudspeakers located at positions unknown to the participants. In the first experiment (N = 44), participants actively placed a visually presented virtual agent or virtual loudspeaker in an empty room at the perceived sound source location. In the second experiment (N = 32), participants were standing in front of several virtual agents or virtual loudspeakers and had to indicate the sound source by directing their gaze toward the perceived sound location. Results in both preregistered experiments consistently showed that participants estimated the location of angry voice stimuli at greater distances than the location of neutral voice stimuli. We discuss that neither emotional nor motivational biases can account for these results. Instead, distance estimates seem to rely on listeners' representations regarding the relationship between vocal affect and acoustic characteristics. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Observers predict actions from facial emotional expressions during real-time social interactions.

In face-to-face social interactions, emotional expressions provide insights into the mental state of an interactive partner. This information can be crucial to infer action intentions and react towards another person's actions. Here we investigate how facial emotional expressions impact subjective experience and physiological and behavioral responses to social actions during real-time interactions. Thirty-two participants interacted with virtual agents while fully immersed in Virtual Reality. Agents displayed an angry or happy facial expression before they directed an appetitive (fist bump) or aversive (punch) social action towards the participant. Participants responded to these actions, either by reciprocating the fist bump or by defending the punch. For all interactions, subjective experience was measured using ratings. In addition, physiological responses (electrodermal activity, electrocardiogram) and participants' response times were recorded. Aversive actions were judged to be more arousing and less pleasant relative to appetitive actions. In addition, angry expressions increased heart rate relative to happy expressions. Crucially, interaction effects between facial emotional expression and action were observed. Angry expressions reduced pleasantness stronger for appetitive compared to aversive actions. Furthermore, skin conductance responses to aversive actions were increased for happy compared to angry expressions and reaction times were faster to aversive compared to appetitive actions when agents showed an angry expression. These results indicate that observers used facial emotional expression to generate expectations for particular actions. Consequently, the present study demonstrates that observers integrate information from facial emotional expressions with actions during social interactions.

Cigarette craving in virtual reality cue exposure in abstainers and relapsed smokers.

Cue exposure therapy (CET) in substance-use disorders aims to reduce craving and ultimately relapse rates. Applying CET in virtual reality (VR) was proposed to increase its efficacy, as VR enables the presentation of social and environmental cues along with substance-related stimuli. However, limited success has been reported so far when applying VR-CET for smoking cessation. Understanding if effects of VR-CET differ between future abstainers and relapsing smokers may help to improve VR-CET. Data from 102 participants allocated to the intervention arm (VR-CET) of a recent RCT comparing VR-CET to relaxation in the context of smoking cessation was analyzed with respect to tolerability, presence, and craving during VR-CET. Cue exposure was conducted in four VR contexts (Loneliness/Rumination, Party, Stress, Café), each presented twice. Relapsed smokers compared to abstainers experienced higher craving during VR-CET and stronger craving responses especially during the Stress scenario. Furthermore, lower mean craving during VR-CET positively predicted abstinence at 6-month follow-up. Attempts to improve smoking cessation outcomes of VR-CET should aim to identify smokers who are more at risk of relapse based on high craving levels during VR-CET. Specifically measuring craving responses during social stress seems to be well suited to mark relapse. We propose to investigate individualized treatment approaches accordingly.

Designed Ankyrin Repeat Proteins as Actin Labels of Distinct Cytoskeletal Structures in Living Cells.

The orchestrated assembly of actin and actin-binding proteins into cytoskeletal structures coordinates cell morphology changes during migration, cytokinesis, and adaptation to external stimuli. The accurate and unbiased visualization of the diverse actin assemblies within cells is an ongoing challenge. We describe here the identification and use of designed ankyrin repeat proteins (DARPins) as synthetic actin binders. Actin-binding DARPins were identified through ribosome display and validated biochemically. When introduced or expressed inside living cells, fluorescently labeled DARPins accumulated at actin filaments, validated through phalloidin colocalization on fixed cells. Nevertheless, different DARPins displayed different actin labeling patterns: some DARPins labeled efficiently dynamic structures, such as filopodia, lamellipodia, and blebs, while others accumulated primarily in stress fibers. This differential intracellular distribution correlated with DARPin-actin binding kinetics, as measured by fluorescence recovery after photobleaching experiments. Moreover, the rapid arrest of actin dynamics induced by pharmacological treatment led to the fast relocalization of DARPins. Our data support the hypothesis that the localization of actin probes depends on the inherent dynamic movement of the actin cytoskeleton. Compared to the widely used LifeAct probe, one DARPin exhibited enhanced signal-to-background ratio while retaining a similar ability to label stress fibers. In summary, we propose DARPins as promising actin-binding proteins for labeling or manipulation in living cells.

Multiple Genes Core to ERAD, Macroautophagy and Lysosomal Degradation Pathways Participate in the Proteostasis Response in α1-Antitrypsin Deficiency.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: In the classic form of α1-antitrypsin deficiency (ATD), the misfolded α1-antitrypsin Z (ATZ) variant accumulates in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of liver cells. A gain-of-function proteotoxic mechanism is responsible for chronic liver disease in a subgroup of homozygotes. Proteostatic response pathways, including conventional endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation and autophagy, have been proposed as the mechanisms that allow cellular adaptation and presumably protection from the liver disease phenotype. Recent studies have concluded that a distinct lysosomal pathway called endoplasmic reticulum-to-lysosome completely supplants the role of the conventional macroautophagy pathway in degradation of ATZ. Here, we used several state-of-the-art approaches to characterize the proteostatic responses more fully in cellular systems that model ATD. METHODS: We used clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-mediated genome editing coupled to a cell selection step by fluorescence-activated cell sorter to perform screening for proteostasis genes that regulate ATZ accumulation and combined that with selective genome editing in 2 other model systems. RESULTS: Endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation genes are key early regulators and multiple autophagy genes, from classic as well as from ER-to-lysosome and other newly described ER-phagy pathways, participate in degradation of ATZ in a manner that is temporally regulated and evolves as ATZ accumulation persists. Time-dependent changes in gene expression are accompanied by specific ultrastructural changes including dilation of the ER, formation of globular inclusions, budding of autophagic vesicles, and alterations in the overall shape and component parts of mitochondria. CONCLUSIONS: Macroautophagy is a critical component of the proteostasis response to cellular ATZ accumulation and it becomes more important over time as ATZ synthesis continues unabated. Multiple subtypes of macroautophagy and nonautophagic lysosomal degradative pathways are needed to respond to the high concentrations of misfolded protein that characterizes ATD and these pathways are attractive candidates for genetic variants that predispose to the hepatic phenotype.

Assessing the phytoplankton and water quality of Kingston Harbour and Hellshire coast, Jamaica, after the implementation of a waste water treatment facility / Evaluación de la calidad de las aguas de la Bahía de Kingston y la costa Hellshire, Jamaica, después de la implementación de una planta de tratamiento de aguas residuales

Deteriorating water quality of Kingston Harbour, due primarily to sewage discharge and its effect on nearby Hellshire Coast, has been an issue since the 1970s. The implementation of a new sewage treatment facility in 2007 to receive the harbour’s waste at Soapberry was expected to make a positive difference. Physico-chemical and biological parameters were used to assess water quality to determine the effect of the facility. Eleven stations used in earlier studies (1990 to 1998) were re-sampled to represent Kingston, Hunts Bay and North East Hellshire coastline over a four week sampling regime between May and June 2011. While temperature, salinity, turbidity, dissolved oxygen and pH remained unchanged between the 1990’s and 2011, BOD5, faecal coliform and nitrate concentrations indicated that the water quality had improved minimally in Kinsgton and Hellshire,and deteriorated significantly in Hunts. Phytoplankton biomass decreased in Kingston (from 3.84 mg m-3 in 1998 to 2.81 mg m-3 in 2011) and increased significantly in Hunts (from 14.69 mg m-3 in 1998 to 24.17 mg m-3 in 2011). Biomass along Hellshire was similar (2.15 mg m-3 in 1998; 2.45 mg m-3 in 2011). In 1998 the nanoplankton biomass (2.7 to 20μm) dominated throughout the Harbour. In 2011 Hunts Bay was dominated by net-plankton (>20μm), indicative of eutrophic waters.

El deterioro de la calidad del agua del puerto de Kingston es debido principalmente a la descarga de aguas residuales y su efecto en los alrededores de la Costa de Hellshire, esto ha sido un problema desde la década de 1970. La implementación de una nueva planta de tratamiento de aguas residuales en 2007 para recibir residuos del Puerto de Kingston en Soapberry se esperaba hiciera una diferencia positiva. Parámetros físico-químicos y biológicos fueron utilizados para evaluar la calidad del agua y determinar el efecto de la planta de tratamiento. Once estaciones que fueron utilizadas en estudios anteriores (1990-1998) se muestrearon nuevamente para representar el puerto de Kingston, Bahía Hunts y la costa North East Hellshire sobre un régimen de muestreo de cuatro semanas entre mayo y junio de 2011. Mientras la temperatura, salinidad, turbidez, oxígeno disuelto y pH se mantuvieron sin cambios entre los años noventa y 2011, BOD5, coliformes fecales y concentraciones de nitratos indicaron que había mejorado la calidad del agua del puerto y la costa mínimamente mientras que la calidad del agua en la bahía Hunts se había deteriorado significativamente. La biomasa del fitoplancton disminuyó en el puerto de Kingston (de 3.84mg m-3 en 1998 a 2.81mg m-3 en el 2011), y aumentó significativamente en bahía Hunts (de 14.69mg m-3 en 1998 a 24.17mg m-3 en el 2011). La biomasa en la costa permaneció similar (de 2.15mg m-3 en 1998 a 2.45mg m-3 en 2011). En 1998 la biomasa de nanoplancton (2.7 a 20μm) dominó a lo largo del puerto. En el 2011 la bahía Hunts era dominada por neto-plancton (>20μm), indicativo de aguas eutróficas.

Quiste aracnoideo espinal epidural postraumático: presentación de un caso / Postraumatic epidural arachnoid spinal cyst: case report

Introducción. Los quistes aracnoideos extradurales espinales son lesiones poco frecuentes. Clínicamentese caracterizan por un cuadro mielopático progresivo,asociado o no a crisis radiculares. Para su diagnóstico radiológico las técnicas de resonancia magnética actuales posibilitan definirlos adecuadamente y conocer sulocalización topográfica. Los antecedentes patológicos del paciente son esenciales para establecer se etiología encontrándose en muchos casos una historia de traumaespinal, cirugía y menos frecuentemente anomalías con-génitas asociadas. El tratamiento en la mayoría de los casos es quirúrgico. Caso clínico. Presentamos el caso de un paciente de 35 años con antecedentes de una hemisección medular dorsal por arma blanca hace dos años. Evolutivamente se deterioran sus funciones motoras presentándose con una paraparesia espástica. Los estudios radiológicos mostraron la presencia de la lesión quística extradural comprimiendo el cordón medular a nivel dorsal (D3-D4). Se realizó cirugía descompresiva y se identificó un desgarro meníngeo a ese nivel que fue suturado. La evolución postoperatoria fue satisfactoria. Conclusiones. El tratamiento quirúrgico efectivo de estas lesiones está dado por la detección del defectomeníngeo y su cierre (AU)

Introduction. Extradural arachnoid spinal cysts are unfrequent lesions that are associated with spinal trauma, surgery and less frequently with congenital anomalies. The clinical manifestations are similar to those seen with other compressive spinal cord lesions. Magnetic resonance techniques allow to diagnose correctly this pathology and to define its thopographic situation. The pathologic history of the patient is essencial to establish the ethiology. Surgery is the elective treatment in most cases. Clinical case. The patient is a 35 years old man who has a medical history of penetrating spinal trauma two years ago. In that instance he suffered an unilateral spinal cord section at D2-D3 level with the corresponding Brown Sequard syndrome. A small wound was detected at the skin dorsal level and it was closed without difficulties. At the beginning, he improved his motor right leg function with rehabilitation and vita- mins. After two years of good recovery he came to our hospital suffering a neurological deterioration of six months of evolution. The physical examination revea- led an spastic paraparesis. Magnetic resonance was performed demonstrating a cystic extradural collection compressing the spinal cord at D3-D4 level. Surgical decompressive treatment allowed to excise the cyst and it was possible to define a dural tear that was closed successfully. The outcome was good with restoration of the initial motor function that he had after the spinal trauma. Conclusions. Surgical management of postraumatic epidural arachnoid spinal cyst allows to detect the meningeal tear and to close it, which is highly effective on these kinds of lesions (AU)

Brote inusitado de neumonía de la comunidad durante una epidemia de influenza en el Paraguay / Unusual outbreak of pneumonía in the community during an influenza epidemic in Paraguay

La pandemia de influenza por el virus H1N1 afectó a la población del Paraguay a partir de la primera semana de julio de 2009. La misma se acompañó de un brote inusitado de neumonía de la comunidad. Describe las características demográficas y clínicas de un brote de neumonía de la comunidad durante la pandemia. Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo, prospectivo, que incluyó a sujetos adultos portadores de clínicos de enfermedad tipo influenza acompañada de neumonía aguda de la comunidad, internados en el Departamento de Medicina Interna del Hospital Nacional (Itauguá) durante los meses de julio y agosto de 2009. .Este brote determinó gran morbilidad pero baja mortalidad...

Relación entre el tabaquismo y las alteraciones del tejido pulpar dental / No disponible

Objetivo. Determinar la relación entre el tabaquismo y las alteraciones del tejido pulpar dental. Material y métodos. Se tomaron 81 sujetos a estudio, a los cuales se les hizo una radiografía ocusal y además se aplicó la prueba de sensibilidad al frío. Resultados. En cuanto a la percepción del frío los sujetos con el hábito de fumar presentaron un promedio de 5.3 seg. con una percepción mínima al segundo y una máxima de 20 seg con un rango de 19 seg., mientras que el grupo control se presentó en 4.6 seg. en promedio con percepción mínima al segundo y la máxima a los 16 seg. con un rango de 15. No se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre el grupo de fumadores y lo no fumadores. Los tiempos de recuperación en los pacientes que fuman es de 3,10 seg. mientras que en el grupo control fue de 2.85 seg. No se mostraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas para ambos grupos. En el análisis estadístico de la relación del tabaquismo con caries fue la siguiente: los pacientes fumadores presentaron 33% (n=13) de caries mientras el grupo control presentó el 12% (n=5). P=0,02(ᵡ2). (P<0.0001). Conclusiones. No hubo diferencias significativas en cuanto a los cambios estructurales de las cámaras pulpares de los órganos dentarios revisados desde le punto de vista radiográfico, si evidenciamos una marcada alteración en el tiempo de respuesta y recuperación a los estímulos diagnósticos de frío entre los pacientes fumadores y los no fumadores (...) (AU)

Objetive: To determine the relationship between smoking habits and the alterations of the pulpar tissue. Material and methods. There 81 subjects of study, which had an oclusal x-ray and were applied with the sensibility test to the cold. Results. those subjects with smoking habits presented an average of 4.6 seconds with minimum perception at the 1st second while in the control group it was 2.85 seconds. The differences were 3.10 seconds, while in the control group it was 2.85 seconds. the differences shown were not statistically significant difference between the group of smokers and the control group. The statistical analysis of the relationship presented 33% (n=12) while the group control with cavities presented 12% (n=5). P=0,02 (ᵡ2). (P<0.0001). Conclusion: There were no significant differences for the structural changes of the pulpar cameras of the dental organs revised from the radiographic pint of view, we notice a marked alteration in the time of answer and recovery to the diagnostic stimuli of cold between the smoking patients and the non smokers (...) (AU)

Presencia de las especies reactivas de oxígeno en la diabetes autoinmune del adulto

Se ha comprobado en los últimos años que las especies reactivas de oxígeno (ERO) participan en la destrucción de las células beta pancreáticas, lo cual influye en la diabetes mellitus (DM). La diabetes autoinmune del adulto (LADA) se manifiesta con una mezcla de características de la DM tipo I y la DM tipo 11.Se realizó un estudio de las variables indicadoras del estrés oxidativo en una población de 56 sujetos distribuidos de la siguiente forma, 32 individuos con LADA y 24 sujetos aparentemente sanos, grupo control para lo cual se determinaron las enzimas superóxido dismutasa (SOD) y catalasa (CAT), así como los niveles de malonildialdehído (MDA) y fructosamina obteniéndose como resultado disminuída la actividad de la SOD y aumentada la actividad de la CAT y los niveles de MDA en pacientes con LADA con respecto al grupo control.Se encontró en los pacientes con LADA una correlación entre los niveles de fructosamina y MDA y entre la actividad de la SOD y MDA (p î 0,05 y p î 0,01 respectivamente) sugiriendo que en estos diabéticos autoinmunes la peroxidación lipídica guarda una estrecha relación con los productos de glicosilación avanzada y la generación de radicales aniones superoxido y peróxido de hidrógeno. Estos resultados demuestran que en la diabetes autoinmunes del adulto hay presencia de estrés oxidativo. (AU)

Uso clínico de los nuevos antidepresivos que poseen un mecanismo de acción dual (revisión de la literatura) / Clinical use of new antidepressive agents with dual action (literature review)

The effective pharmacological treatment of depression started in 1958 with the introduction of iproniazide and imipramine. New agents quickly followed with more specific actions and a safer side effect profile. Very recently, fourth generation antidepressants with dual action have been introduced. These new agents pose a challenging dilemma. Is it better to develop drugs ever more selective towards specific monoamine receptor subpopulations, or drugs that act upon several monoamines in a more focused way? The priority seems to be the investigation of the interactions of the various monoaminergic systems. This paper reviews the clinical use of the new antidepressants that implement the notion of dual action as an important element for efficacy combined with receptor-specific action as a basis for tolerability.

Epilepsia inducida por música / Musicogenic epilepsy induction

Musicogenic epilepsy is a rare entity. It used to be considered a form of auditory evoked epilepsy. However, the theme of the music as the trigger of a partical complex seizure and likely, the memory components while listening to the music, suggest that this seizure disorder, might well be a disorder of a higher cognitive function. Therefore, it could be included within the affective epilepsy group. The case report we present in this paper, confirms the diagnosis of musicogenic epilepsy and the role of brain spect in reaching that diagnosis

Bases neurobiológicas de la agresión: implicaciones farmacoterapéuticas / The neurobiological bases of aggression: the pharmacotherapeutic implications

The aim of this paper is to attempt a classification of aggressive behavior based on neurobiological mechanisms and to shed some light on the pharmacological treatment of this condition. Drugs that enhance serotonin transmission are indicated in conditions related to decreased serotonergic transmission. Dopamine blockers are useful in the acute control of aggression and the violence displayed by schizophrenic patients. Clozapine probably has an anti-aggressive effect independent of its antipsychotic action. Noradrenergic agents have been shown effective in chronic aggression of organic brain syndromes. Gabaergic drugs are effective in acute aggression and in organic brain syndromes

El síndrome de Capgras: estudio clínico de nueve casos / The Capgras syndrome: a clinical study of 9 cases

The Capgras' syndrome is the delusional belief that a person or object has been replaced by an identical duplicate, usually with evil intent. A clinical, psychometric and electroencephalographic study of 9 patients afflicted with this syndrome and its variants was performed. The clinical course and the therapeutic response were assessed during the follow up that run between 2 and 11 years. The aim of this paper is to discuss the etiologically relevant psychodynamic, organic and mythological issues and to postulate an explanatory model that integrates limbic mechanisms, affect recognition processes, psychodynamic factors and anthropological aspects

Los ejercicios físicos, respiratorios, posturales (Yoga) y psicorrelajativos en personas de la tercera edad

Se aplica un programa de ejercicios físicos, posturales (yoga) respiratorios y psicorrelajativos, creados por los autores a personas mayores de 45 años de un consultorio del médico de la familia del municipio de Sancti Spíritus, la patología que presenta, el consumo de medicamentos y resultados del test Behaviour Rating Scale de J.R. Williams. En el grupo experimental se comprueba una mejoría en la mayoría de las patologías, fundamentalmente la hipertensión arterial, la artrosis y las cardiopatías. La reducción y eliminación en el consumo de medicamentos también fue mayor en este grupo. La mejoria en el comportamiento social de las perdidas integradas al programa de ejercicios también fue superior, fundamentalmente en el autocuidado y autopreparación, conservación del aspecto personal.(AU)

Los ejercicios físicos, respiratorios, posturales (Yoga) y psicorrelajativos en personas de la tercera edad

Se aplica un programa de ejercicios físicos, posturales (yoga) respiratorios y psicorrelajativos, creados por los autores a personas mayores de 45 años de un consultorio del médico de la familia del municipio de Sancti Spíritus, la patología que presenta, el consumo de medicamentos y resultados del test Behaviour Rating Scale de J.R. Williams. En el grupo experimental se comprueba una mejoria en la mayoria de las patologías, fundamentalmente la hipertensión arterial, la artrosis y las cardiopatías. La reducción y eliminación en el consumo de medicamentos también fue mayor en este grupo. La mejoria en el comportamiento social de las perdidas integradas al programa de ejercicios también fue superior, fundamentalmente en el autocuidado y autopreparación, conservación del aspecto personal.(AU)

Intervención comunitaria durante un desastre económico. / [Community intervention during economic disasters]

A political conflict forced banks to close down in Panama during March 1988. Thus, thousand of families were unable to meet their most basic needs during that lapse of time. This paper describes a community intervention program that was set up in the midst of such an economic disaster. That program emphasized mental health consultation techniques to help devising an effective organizational action as well as developing standards to determine needs, and a clear-cut two-way communication with the affected families. The incidence of emotional disorder was assessed with the Self Report Questionnaire, and crisis intervention was offered to any people who should apply for it. Cognitive responses, coping behaviors, and social supports were also assessed. Results showed that those individuals excluded from a full participation in their culture were much more likely to develop emotional disorders. Finding that affected people showed a scarce self-help behavior was interpreted as a feature of the transcultural transaction between affected people, and professionals.

Transacciones familiares y adhesión a la farmacoterapia con litio. / [Family interactions and adherence to lithium pharmacotherapy]

A random sample of thirty families containing a member with a bipolar disorder were interviewed by a psychiatrist and two clinical psychologists with training in family evaluations and therapy. During the interview the family was given the task of discussing the possible causes of the patients illness and to consider specific steps to help prevent relapses. The raters independently scored the Beavers Timberlawn Family Evaluation Scale and the Family Response to the Illness Scale. The patients were also evaluated using the Social Support Network Inventory, and a number of clinical and demographic indicators were routinely recorded. The research team showed good interrater reliability with the instruments, and evidence of validity is presented for the FRIS. A Cluster Analysis was performed and a two clusters solution was found. The first cluster contained twelve patients and the second is composed of eighteen patients. The clusters seem to differentiate patients along clinical outcome measures, drug compliance and cultural background. Family variables related to the structural dimensions of the system were found to cut across both clusters. Family variables measuring empathy, affect and expression of feelings were found to predict medication compliance and clinical outcome. The findings are discussed in the light of the concept of underorganization of family structures.

Valoración de las pruebas de Master doble y las de esfuerzo submáximo en pacientes con angina de pecho / Submaximal effort and double Master's tests assessment in patients with angina pectoris

Se realiza un estudio en 25 pacientes a quienes se les diagnosticó clínicamente angina de pecho, con electrocardiograma en reposo. A todos se les realizó pruebas de Master doble y de esfuerzo submáximo en bicicleta ergométrica, para determinar el valor de las mismas en el diagnóstico de la cardiopatía isquémica y conocer cuál de ellas es más susceptible de mostrar alteraciones electrocardiográficas de tipo isquémico. Llegamos a la conclusión que en un porcentaje muy significativo de los pacientes estudiados se logra demostrar el diagnóstico clínico de cardiopatía isquémica. Señalamos a las pruebas de esfuerzo submáximo en bicicleta ergométrica como las más sensibles. Se señala además, la relación de los factores de riesgo coronario con el resultado de las pruebas(AU)

Epidemiología de las parodontopatías. Resultados de un estudio preliminar en un grupo de trabajadores administrativos / Epidemiology of parodontophaties. Results of a preliminary study on a group of whiite-collar workers

Después de expresar las principales características epidémicas de las parodontopatías en el mundo, los autores exponen los resultados del estudio realizado acerca de estas enfermedades, en un grupo de 50 trabajadores administrativos de Ciudad de La Habana. En éste todas las personas examinadas presentaron algún grado de afección parodontal(AU)