Flexor Tendon Injury: Avascular or Vascularized Region Suture? Biomechanical and Histopathological Study in Rabbits.

Objectives The present study aims to analyze the mechanical and histopathological aspects of flexor tendon healing focusing on the suture placement site in a vascular or in an avascular region. Methods A total of 83 rabbits were submitted to a Kessler-type central suture in the vascularized tendon region (TN group) and in the avascular tendon region (FC group). The operated limb was immobilized for 3 weeks. The animals were sacrificed in the immediate postoperative period, and at 2, 3 and 6 weeks after the procedure. The mechanical properties studied were: maximum load, stress at maximum load, modulus of elasticity, energy at maximum load, and energy per area. The contralateral tendon was used as control. The histopathological study was descriptive. Results The analysis of the mechanical properties showed similar behavior in both groups, with stabilization or discrete increased values between the immediate period and 3 weeks after the procedure, and marked increased values at 6 weeks. Histopathology demonstrated that the healing process was similar in the TN and FC groups. Conclusion Central suture placement in the vascularized or avascular fibrocartilaginous region results in no differences in the biomechanical and histopathological aspects of flexor tendon healing in rabbits.

Flexor Tendon Injury: Avascular or Vascularized Region Suture? Biomechanical and Histopathological Study in Rabbits / Lesão do tendão flexor: sutura na região avascular ou vascularizada? Estudo biomecânico e histopatológico em coelhos

Abstract Objectives The present study aims to analyze the mechanical and histopathological aspects of flexor tendon healing focusing on the suture placement site in a vascular or in an avascular region. Methods A total of 83 rabbits were submitted to a Kessler-type central suture in the vascularized tendon region (TN group) and in the avascular tendon region (FC group). The operated limb was immobilized for 3 weeks. The animals were sacrificed in the immediate postoperative period, and at 2, 3 and 6 weeks after the procedure. The mechanical properties studied were: maximumload, stress at maximumload,modulus of elasticity, energy at maximum load, and energy per area. The contralateral tendon was used as control. The histopathological study was descriptive. Results The analysis of the mechanical properties showed similar behavior in both groups, with stabilization or discrete increased values between the immediate period and 3 weeks after the procedure, and marked increased values at 6 weeks. Histopathology demonstrated that the healing process was similar in the TN and FC groups. Conclusion Central suture placement in the vascularized or avascular fibrocartilaginous region results in no differences in the biomechanical and histopathological aspects of flexor tendon healing in rabbits.

Resumo Objetivos Analisar os aspectos mecânicos e histopatológicos da cicatrização do tendão flexor com interesse no local de colocação da sutura, na região vascularizada ou avascular. Métodos Um total de 83 coelhos foram submetidos à sutura central tipo Kessler na região de tendão vascularizado (grupo TN) e na de tendão avascular (grupo FC). O membro operado foi imobilizado por 3 semanas. Os animais foram sacrificados no período imediato, e a 2, 3 e 6 semanas de pós-operatório. As propriedades mecânicas estudadas foram: carga máxima, tensão na carga máxima, módulo de elasticidade, energia na carga máxima e energia por área. O tendão contralateral foi utilizado como controle. O estudo histopatológico foi descritivo. Resultados A análise das propriedades mecânicas demonstrou comportamento semelhante em ambos os grupos, com estabilização ou discreto aumento no período imediato com 3 semanas e aumento acentuado com 6 semanas. A histopatologia demonstrou processo de cicatrização semelhante nos grupos TN e FC. Conclusão A colocação da sutura central na região vascularizada ou fibrocartilaginosa avascular não apresenta diferenças em relação aos aspectos biomecânicos e histopatológicos na cicatrização do tendão flexor profundo dos dedos do pé do coelho.

Clinical, biomechanical and histological study on oophorectomy induced menopause.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical implications as well as biomechanical and histological changes and in bone tissue induced by ovariectomy in 64 rats. METHODS: THE RATS WERE DIVIDED INTO TWO GROUPS: bilateral oophorectomy or placebo, and subdivided into four subgroups, according to time postoperatively: three, six, nine and 12 months. The weight of the animals at the time of sacrifice was taken into consideration. The biomechanical study was performed on the right tibia, to the maximum load and stiffness coefficient. For the histological study we calculated the trabecular bone of the left tibia. Statistical analysis of body weight and mechanical properties was performed by variance analysis, complemented with Tukey's multiple comparison tests; and trabecular area, the non-parametric variance analysis. RESULTS: Ovariectomy-induced menopause caused an increase in body weight, reduction of diaphyseal bone resistance at six months of hormone deprivation, but this effect is equalized over time by aging; bone stiffness was smaller in the ovariectomized group and reduction of bone mass occurred. CONCLUSION: The removal of the ovaries produced systemic alterations, characterized by metabolic changes that caused weight gain and changes in bone tissue, associated with alteration of the mechanical profile and reduced bone mass. Level of Evidence I, Clinical Study.

Clinical, biomechanical and histological study on oophorectomy induced menopause

Objective: To investigate the clinical implications as well as biomechanical and histological changes and in bone tissue induced by ovariectomy in 64 rats. Methods: The rats were divided into two groups: bilateral oophorectomy or placebo, and subdivided into four subgroups, according to time postoperatively: three, six, nine and 12 months. The weight of the animals at the time of sacrifice was taken into consideration. The biomechanical study was performed on the right tibia, to the maximum load and stiffness coefficient. For the histological study we calculated the trabecular bone of the left tibia. Statistical analysis of body weight and mechanical properties was performed by variance analysis, complemented with Tukey's multiple comparison tests; and trabecular area, the non-parametric variance analysis. Results: Ovariectomy-induced menopause caused an increase in body weight, reduction of diaphyseal bone resistance at six months of hormone deprivation, but this effect is equalized over time by aging; bone stiffness was smaller in the ovariectomized group and reduction of bone mass occurred. Conclusion: The removal of the ovaries produced systemic alterations, characterized by metabolic changes that caused weight gain and changes in bone tissue, associated with alteration of the mechanical profile and reduced bone mass. Level of Evidence I, Clinical Study. .

Rede Paulista de Avaliação de Tecnologias de Saúde: primeiros passos / São Paulo State Health Technology Assessment Network: first steps

A avaliação de tecnologias de saúde é método para estudar produtos, programas e estratégias visando subsidiar decisões para incorporar inovações, usá-las, justificar reformas ou aperfeiçoar melhorias. O Estado de São Paulo está multiplicando sua capacidade de avaliar tecnologias de saúde com o propósito de aprimorar o planejamento do SUS-SP pela integração dos hospitais nas instâncias de gestão estadual e local. A Rede Paulista de ATS já compreende 33 hospitais na SES-SP e outras instituições, contando com mais de uma centena de profissionais aptos.

Efeito do treinamento físico e da ingestão crônica de cafeína sobre o tecido ósseo de ratos jovens / Efecto del entrenamiento físico y la ingestión crónica de cafeína sobre El hueso de ratas jóvenes / Effect of exercise training and chronic caffeine intake on bone tissue of young rats

Foram avaliados os efeitos da ingestão crônica de cafeína e exercício de natação sobre o tecido ósseo. Ratos Wistar jovens (n = 32) alocados em quatro grupos: sedentário controle (SCO), sedentário + cafeína (SCAF), treinados (TCO) e treinados + cafeína (TCAF), receberam 1 mg/ml de cafeína em água durante 30 dias (SCAF e TCAF) e foram submetidos a 21 dias de natação em intensidade moderada (TCO e TCAF). A tíbia esquerda foi submetida a ensaio biomecânico para determinação do coeficiente de rigidez, limite de elasticidade e carga máxima. A área de tecido ósseo primário e espessura do disco epifisário foram avaliadas no fêmur. Não foram observadas alterações nas propriedades biomecânicas e na deposição de tecido ósseo primário. O grupo SCAF apresentou maior espessura no disco epifisário distal. Os resultados sugerem que o treinamento moderado de natação e a ingestão de cafeína não provocaram alterações morfológicas e biomecânicas do tecido ósseo.

Effects of swimming training and chronic caffeine intake on bone tissue of young rats were investigated. Young Wistar rats were allocated into 4 groups: sedentary control (SCO), sedentary + caffeine (SCAF), trained (TCO) and trained + caffeine (TCAF); they received 1 mg/ml of caffeine diluted in water for 30 days (SCAF and TCAF) and were submitted to swimming training of moderate intensity for 21 days (TCO and TCAF). The left tibia was subjected to the biomechanical test for determination of the coefficient of stiffness, yield and maximum load. The immature bone tissue area and thickness of growth plates were evaluated in the femur. No changes were observed in biomechanical properties and the area occupied by immature bone tissue. However, SCAF group presented greater thickness in distal growth plate. The results suggest that the moderate intensity swimming training and caffeine consumption were not able to promote changes in morphology and biomechanical properties of bone tissue.

Se evaluaram los efectos del consumo crónico de cafeína y la natación em el hueso. Ratas Wistar jóvenes (n=32) divididas en cuatro grupos: sedentarios control (SCO), sedentarios + cafeína (SCAF), entrenados (TCO) y entrenados + cafeína (TCAF), recibieron 1 mg/ml de cafeína en agua durante 30 días (SCAF e TCAF) e fueron sometidos 21 días de la natación moderada. La tibia izquierda se sometió a una prueba biomecánica para determinar la coeficiente de la rigidez, el limite de elasticidad y el punto de carga máxima. El area de hueso imaturo e de la zona de la placa de crescimiento proximal e distal se analizó em el fêmur. No se observaron cambios en las propiedades biomecánicas y el déposition de hueso inmaturo. Animales SCAF tenía más grueso de la placa de crescimiento distal. Los resultados sugieren que entrenamento moderalado de la natación y el cosumo crônico de cafeína no cambió la morfología y las propiedades biomecánicas del hueso.

Inserção, renda e satisfação profissional de médicos formados pela Unesp / Professional insertion, income and satisfaction of physicians graduated from Unesp

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a inserção profissional, o nível de renda e de satisfação de médicos formados na Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu (Unesp) assim como possíveis fatores associados a tais desfechos. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal, tendo como população-alvo todos os médicos formados entre 1968 e 2005, utilizando-se um questionário autoaplicável. RESULTADOS: A taxa de resposta foi de 45%, 1.224 dos 2.864 questionários enviados por correio. A média de idade dos participantes foi de 46,5 anos (± 10,9) e 64,4% eram homens. A maioria (98,6%) referiu exercer a profissão, residir no Estado de São Paulo (96,4%), ter feito residência (92,0%) e frequentar eventos científicos regularmente (80,2%). Referiram morar em cidades do interior 70,4% e ter clínica privada 67,4% dos egressos. Renda mensal entre R$ 10 e 15 mil foi relatada por 28,4% e satisfação profissional grande ou muito grande por 66,1% deles. Nos modelos de regressão logística, mantiveram-se significativamente associados a maior renda: sexo masculino, ter clínica privada, ter filhos e estar profissionalmente satisfeito. Maior satisfação associou-se com menor idade e maior renda, fazer doutorado, considerar que foi bem preparado para a profissão, afirmar que faria Medicina novamente e avaliar positivamente sua qualidade de vida e saúde mental. CONCLUSÕES: A inserção profissional de ex-alunos é importante na avaliação institucional, devendo ser realizada regularmente para subsidiar as discussões sobre reforma curricular.

OBJECTIVE: Evaluatethe professional insertion, income and satisfaction of physicians who graduated from Botucatu Medical School (UNESP), as well as possible risk factors associated with these outcomes. METHOD: A cross-sectional study with a target population of all physicians graduated between 1968 and 2005, using a self-reporting questionnaire. RESULTS: The response rate was 45%, 1,224 of the 2,864 questionnaires sent by mail. The participants' mean age was 46.5 years old (± 10.9) and 64.4% of them were men. The majority of them were practicing as medical doctors (98.6%), in São Paulo state (96.4%); 92.0% reported having received residence training and 80.2% reported attending scientific events on a regular basis. Most of them did not live in the capital cities (70.4%) and reported having some private practice (67.4%). A monthly income of 10 to 15 thousand reais was reported by 28.4% and a high or very high degree of professional satisfaction by 66.1% of them. Logistic regression analysis showed the following variables as significantly associated with higher income: male gender, private practice, having children and being satisfied with the profession. Higher satisfaction was associated with younger age, higher income, taking a post graduate (PhD) course, considering oneself well prepared for the profession, stating that he/she would attend Medical School again and evaluating positively one's quality of life and mental health. CONCLUSION: The professional insertion of ex-students is an important aspect of institutional evaluation and should be conducted regularlyin order to support discussions regarding curricular reform.

EFFECT OF THE GRAFTING SECTION AREA ON ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT RECONSTRUCTION SURGERY - HISTOLOGICAL STUDY ON DOGS.

OBJECTIVE: To correlate the initial grafting section area with the outcomes from anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction surgery. Eight dogs underwent operations, divided into two groups according to graft size: Group A, 25% and Group B, 40% of the patellar ligament (PL) width. METHODS: After eight months, the dogs were sacrificed for macroscopic and histological analysis on the reconstructed ligaments. Each dog's contralateral knee was used as a control. RESULTS: In both groups, all the reconstructed ligaments were seen to be viable and hypertrophied. The morphology of the PL grafting had changed, which was observed by measuring the crimp and cellularity, and it resembled that of the ACL. CONCLUSION: The grafting section area did not influence the histological outcomes from ACL reconstruction surgery in dogs.

Detecting early biomechanical effects of zoledronic Acid on femurs of osteoporotic female rats.

Aim. To investigate the biomechanical effects of zoledronic acid (ZA) on femurs of female osteoporotic rats after follow-up periods of 9 and 12 months. Methods. Eighty female Wistar rats were prospectively assessed. At 60 days of age, the animals were randomly divided into two groups: bilateral oophorectomy (O) (n = 40) and sham surgery (S) (n = 40). At 90 days of age, groups O and S were randomly subdivided into four groups, according to whether 0.1 mg/kg of ZA or distilled water (DW) was intraperitoneally administered: OZA (n = 20), ODW (n = 20), SZA (n = 20), and SDW (n = 20). The animals were sacrificed at 9 and 12 months after the administration of the substances, and then their right femurs were removed and analyzed biomechanically. Axial compression tests that focused on determining the maximum load (N), yield point (N), and stiffness coefficient (N/mm) of the proximal femur were performed in the biomechanical study. Results. ZA significantly increased the maximum load and yield point, reducing the stiffness coefficient concerning the oophorectomy status and follow-up period. Conclusion. Zoledronic acid, at a dose of 0.1 mg/kg, significantly increased the maximum loads and yield points and reduced the stiffness coefficients in the femurs of female rats with osteoporosis caused by bilateral oophorectomy.

Efeito da área de secção do enxerto na cirurgia de reconstrução do ligamento cruzado anterior - estudo histológico em cães / Effect of the grafting section area on the anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction surgery - histological study on dogs

OBJETIVO: Relacionar a área de secção inicial do enxerto com o resultado da cirurgia de reconstrução do LCA. Foram operados oito cães, divididos em dois grupos, de acordo com o tamanho do enxerto: grupo A - 25% e grupo B - 40% da largura do ligamento patelar (LP). MÉTODOS: Após oito meses, os cães foram sacrificados para análise macroscópica e histológica dos ligamentos reconstruídos, utilizando-se o joelho contralateral do cão como controle. RESULTADOS: Em ambos os grupos, todos os ligamentos reconstruídos apresentaram-se viáveis e hipertrofiados; o enxerto de LP teve sua morfologia alterada, verificada através da medida do crimp e da celularidade, assemelhando-se com a do LCA. CONCLUSÃO: A área de secção do enxerto não influenciou o resultado histológico da cirurgia de reconstrução do LCA em cães.

OBJECTIVE: To correlate the initial grafting section area with the outcomes from anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction surgery. Eight dogs underwent operations, divided into two groups according to graft size: Group A, 25% and Group B, 40% of the patellar ligament (PL) width. METHODS: After eight months, the dogs were sacrificed for macroscopic and histological analysis on the reconstructed ligaments. Each dog's contralateral knee was used as a control. RESULTS: In both groups, all the reconstructed ligaments were seen to be viable and hypertrophied. The morphology of the PL grafting had changed, which was observed by measuring the crimp and cellularity, and it resembled that of the ACL. CONCLUSION: The grafting section area did not influence the histological outcomes from ACL reconstruction surgery in dogs.

Quality of life, physical and mental health of physicians: a self-evaluation by graduates from the Botucatu Medical School--UNESP.

OBJECTIVE: This paper aimed to analyze self-evaluations in terms of quality of life (QoL), physical health (PH) and mental health (MH) of ex-medical students from a Brazilian public university, correlating these outcomes with demographic data and several professional aspects. METHODS: a cross-sectional study with a target population of all students graduated from the Botucatu School of Medicine (UNIFESP--São Paulo State University) between 1968 and 2005. A self-administered questionnaire, which could be answered by regular mail or internet, was used. RESULTS: From the 2,864 questionnaires that were sent by mail, 1,224 (45%) were answered and sent back. Good or very good QoL, PH and MH were reported by 67.8%, 78.8% and 84.5% of participants, respectively. In the final logistic regression model, positive QoL was associated with good PH and MH, regular attendance to scientific meetings, enough leisure time, and professional satisfaction. Good or very good PH was independently associated with positive QoL and MH, higher income level, regular physical activities, and never having smoked. Positive MH remained associated with professional satisfaction, enough leisure time, and positive evaluation of both QoL and PH. CONCLUSIONS: Among medical doctors graduated from São Paulo State University, PH and MH were inseparable aspects, which were also related to the self-evaluation of QoL. Good habits, such as regular practice of physical exercise, enough leisure time, and not smoking were associated with positive health in general and should be encouraged. Professional satisfaction had an important impact on the emotional well-being of participants.

Efeito de diferentes doses de ácido retinoico sobre a resistência óssea de ratos jovens / Effect of varied doses of retinoic acid on young rats' bone resistance

OBJETIVO: Avaliar os efeitos da suplementação de diferentes doses de todo-trans ácido retinóico sobre a resistência óssea, por meio de ensaio biomecânico de flexão, em tíbia de ratos jovens. MÉTODOS: Foram estudados 58 ratos jovens, com quatro diferentes doses de vitamina A em suas dietas, sendo divididos em 4 grupos: grupo-controle (n=15), sem acréscimo de todo-trans ácido retinoico; grupo com acréscimo de 0,3mg de todo-trans ácido retinoico por kg de ração (n=13); grupo com 10mg de todo-trans ácido retinoico por kg de ração (n=15); e grupo com 50mg de todo-trans ácido retinoico por kg de ração (n=15). O estudo durou 30 dias. Após o sacrifício dos animais, suas patas esquerdas foram congeladas, dissecadas e as tíbias submetidas ao ensaio de flexão. Foram avaliados a carga máxima e o coeficiente de rigidez. Foi aplicada análise de variância one-way. O nível de significância estatístico adotado foi p<0,05. RESULTADOS: Os valores médios de carga máxima (em Newton) foram: grupo-controle =37,94, DP=4,76; grupo todo-trans ácido retinoico 0,3=36,49, DP= 4,38; grupo todo-trans ácido retinoico 10=40,12, DP=6,03; grupo todo-trans ácido retinoico 50=35,68, DP=5,22 (p=0,107). Os valores médios de coeficiente de rigidez (em Newton/milímetros) foram: grupo-controle =31,84 DP=6,75; grupo todo-trans ácido retinoico 0,3=29,18, DP=4,35; grupo todo-trans ácido retinoico 10=35,48, DP=8,14; grupo todo-trans ácido retinoico 50=30,31, DP=7,14 (p=0,85). CONCLUSÃO: Conclui-se que a exposição a diferentes doses de todo-trans ácido retinoico, em ratos, durante 30 dias, não exerce efeito sobre a resistência óssea, quando avaliada por ensaios biomecânicos.

OBJECTIVE: This study assessed the effects of different doses of all-trans retinoic acid on bone resistance by conducting a biomechanical flexion study on young rats' tibias. METHODS: Fifty-eight young rats were divided into four groups according to the all-trans retinoic acid content of their diets: control group (n=15), chow not enriched with all-trans retinoic acid; chow enriched with 0.3mg of all-trans retinoic acid per kilogram (n=13); chow enriched with 10mg of all-trans retinoic acid per kilogram (n=15); and chow enriched with 50mg of all-trans retinoic acid per kilogram (n-15). After 30 days of this diet, the animals were killed, their left paws were frozen and dissected and the tibias were submitted to the flexion study which assessed maximum force and shear modulus. One-way analysis of variance was used with significance set at p<0.05. RESULTS: The mean maximum force values in newtons (SD) were: control group =37.94, SD=4.76; 0.3mg group = 36.49, SD= 4.38; 10mg group = 40.12, SD=6.03; 50mg group =35.68, SD=5.22 (p=0.107). The mean shear modulus values (SD) in newtons/millimeter were: control group =31.84, SD=6.75; 0.3mg group =29.18, SD=4.35; 10mg group =35.48, SD=8.14; 50mg group =30.31, SD=7.14 (p=0.85). CONCLUSION: Biomechanical studies showed that different doses of all-trans retinoic acid for 30 days had no effect on young rats' bone resistance.

Qualidade de vida e saúde física e mental de médicos: uma autoavaliação por egressos da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu - UNESP / Quality of life, physical and mental health of physicians: a self-evaluation by graduates from the Botucatu Medical School - UNESP

OBJETIVO: O presente artigo teve como objetivo analisar resultados de autoavaliações em termos de qualidade de vida (QV), saúde física (SF) e saúde mental (SM) realizadas por ex-alunos do curso de medicina de uma universidade pública brasileira, associando-se tais indicadores a dados demográficos e diversas dimensões da atuação profissional. MÉTODOS: estudo de corte transversal que teve como população-alvo todos os egressos da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu (UNESP) no período de 1968 a 2005, utilizando-se um questionário autoaplicável, respondido por correio ou internet. RESULTADOS: Dos 2.864 questionários enviados, 1.224 (45 por cento) foram respondidos. Tanto a QV como SF e SM foram avaliadas como boa ou muito boa por 67,8 por cento, 78,8 por cento e 84,5 por cento dos participantes, respectivamente. Nos modelos finais de regressão logística, associaram-se a avaliação favorável de QV: ter boa SF e SM, frequentar congressos regulamente, ter tempo suficiente de lazer e estar satisfeito com a profissão. SF boa ou muito boa associou-se independentemente com QV e SM positivas, faixa de renda mais alta, prática regular de atividades físicas e nunca ter fumado. SM favorável permaneceu associada com satisfação profissional, tempo para lazer, e boa avaliação da QV e da SF. CONCLUSÕES: Entre os médicos egressos da UNESP, SF e SM foram aspectos indissociáveis e também relacionados à QV. Bons hábitos, como praticar atividades físicas, ter tempo para lazer e não fumar foram associados à melhor avaliação da saúde em geral e devem ser incentivados. A satisfação profissional teve um peso importante no bem-estar emocional relatado pelos participantes.

OBJECTIVE: This paper aimed to analyze self-evaluations in terms of quality of life (QoL), physical health (PH) and mental health (MH) of ex-medical students from a Brazilian public university, correlating these outcomes with demographic data and several professional aspects. METHODS: a cross-sectional study with a target population of all students graduated from the Botucatu School of Medicine (UNIFESP - São Paulo State University) between 1968 and 2005. A self-administered questionnaire, which could be answered by regular mail or internet, was used. RESULTS: From the 2,864 questionnaires that were sent by mail, 1,224 (45 percent) were answered and sent back. Good or very good QoL, PH and MH were reported by 67.8 percent, 78.8 percent and 84.5 percent of participants, respectively. In the final logistic regression model, positive QoL was associated with good PH and MH, regular attendance to scientific meetings, enough leisure time, and professional satisfaction. Good or very good PH was independently associated with positive QoL and MH, higher income level, regular physical activities, and never having smoked. Positive MH remained associated with professional satisfaction, enough leisure time, and positive evaluation of both QoL and PH. CONCLUSIONS: Among medical doctors graduated from São Paulo State University, PH and MH were inseparable aspects, which were also related to the self-evaluation of QoL. Good habits, such as regular practice of physical exercise, enough leisure time, and not smoking were associated with positive health in general and should be encouraged. Professional satisfaction had an important impact on the emotional well-being of participants.

Qualidade de vida e saúde física e mental de médicos: uma autoavaliação por egressos da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu - UNESP / Quality of life, physical and mental health of physicians: a self-evaluation by graduates from the Botucatu Medical School - UNESP

OBJETIVO: O presente artigo teve como objetivo analisar resultados de autoavaliações em termos de qualidade de vida (QV), saúde física (SF) e saúde mental (SM) realizadas por ex-alunos do curso de medicina de uma universidade pública brasileira, associando-se tais indicadores a dados demográficos e diversas dimensões da atuação profissional. MÉTODOS: estudo de corte transversal que teve como população-alvo todos os egressos da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu (UNESP) no período de 1968 a 2005, utilizando-se um questionário autoaplicável, respondido por correio ou internet. RESULTADOS: Dos 2.864 questionários enviados, 1.224 (45 por cento) foram respondidos. Tanto a QV como SF e SM foram avaliadas como boa ou muito boa por 67,8 por cento, 78,8 por cento e 84,5 por cento dos participantes, respectivamente. Nos modelos finais de regressão logística, associaram-se a avaliação favorável de QV: ter boa SF e SM, frequentar congressos regulamente, ter tempo suficiente de lazer e estar satisfeito com a profissão. SF boa ou muito boa associou-se independentemente com QV e SM positivas, faixa de renda mais alta, prática regular de atividades físicas e nunca ter fumado. SM favorável permaneceu associada com satisfação profissional, tempo para lazer, e boa avaliação da QV e da SF. CONCLUSÕES: Entre os médicos egressos da UNESP, SF e SM foram aspectos indissociáveis e também relacionados à QV. Bons hábitos, como praticar atividades físicas, ter tempo para lazer e não fumar foram associados à melhor avaliação da saúde em geral e devem ser incentivados. A satisfação profissional teve um peso importante no bem-estar emocional relatado pelos participantes.(AU)

MECHANICAL STUDY ON DORSAL STABILITY OF INTRAMEDULLARY OSTEOSYNTHESIS ASSOCIATED WITH EXTERNAL FIXATION (ULSON'S METHOD).

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the Ulson intramedullary fixation method, with external fixation in which the level of the external locking of the Kirschner wires is varied, and without external fixation. METHODS: Eighteen porcine tibias were used. Transverse osteotomy was performed in the region of the tuberosity, and two intramedullary Kirschner wires were inserted into each specimen, using three different assembly patterns: Group I: locking with external minifixator at a height of 3.0 cm; Group II: locking at a height of 4.5 cm; Group III: without external locking. Mechanical shear tests were then conducted, to determine the maximum load, proportionality limit and coefficient of rigidity. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in maximum load or proportionality limit between the groups. The coefficient of rigidity was higher in Group II. CONCLUSION: The locking height for the Kirschner wires in Ulson's method, within the limits evaluated, did not harm the stability of the fracture fixation system.

IMMEDIATE AND LATE EFFECT OF SUTURES IN EXTRASYNOVIAL TENDONS: BIOMECHANICAL STUDY IN RATS.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects on the mechanical properties of rats' calcaneus tendons, of repair arrangements using suture material in the absence of any healing process. METHOD: Twelve male Wistar rats were used. They were subjected to placement of a modified Kessler suture stitch in the calcaneus tendon. The sacrifices were performed immediately after and six weeks after the operation. The mechanical properties studied were maximum load, tension in the maximum load and module of elasticity. The contralateral tendon was used as a control. RESULTS: The statistical analysis showed that for the times studied, the values for mechanical properties did not present any significant differences. In relation to the control, i.e. the contralateral tendon without a suture, the results demonstrated that, six weeks after the operation, the values for the modulus of elasticity were lower, whereas there were no significant variations in maximum load or tension at maximum load. CONCLUSION: Placement of suture material on an extrasynovial tendon without lesions decreased the modulus of elasticity, but it did not interfere with the maximum load or tension at maximum load, six weeks after the operation.

Efeito tardio e imediato da sutura em tendão extrassinovial íntegro: estudo biomecânico em ratos / Immediate and late effect of sutures in extrasynovial tendons: biomechanical study in rats

OBJETIVO: O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar o efeito, nas propriedades mecânicas, do arranjo de reparo com material de sutura, no tendão calcâneo de rato, na ausência de processo de cicatrização. MÉTODO: Foram utilizados 12 ratos machos da linhagem Wistar. Os animais foram submetidos à colocação de ponto de sutura tipo Kessler modificado no tendão calcâneo. Os sacrifícios foram realizados nos períodos imediato e com seis semanas de pós-operatório. As propriedades mecânicas estudadas foram: carga máxima, tensão na carga máxima e módulo de elasticidade. O tendão contralateral foi usado como controle. RESULTADOS: A análise estatística indicou que, em relação aos períodos estudados, os valores das propriedades mecânicas não apresentaram diferenças significativas. Em relação ao controle, isto é, tendão contralateral sem sutura, os resultados demonstram que, com seis semanas de pós-operatório, houve queda dos valores do módulo de elasticidade, enquanto a carga máxima e a tensão na carga máxima não apresentaram variações significativas. CONCLUSÃO: A colocação de material de sutura em tendão extrassinovial não lesado provocou queda do módulo de elasticidade, porém não interferiu na carga máxima e na tensão na carga máxima após seis semanas de pós-operatório.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects on the mechanical properties of rats' calcaneus tendons, of repair arrangements using suture material in the absence of any healing process. METHOD: Twelve male Wistar rats were used. They were subjected to placement of a modified Kessler suture stitch in the calcaneus tendon. The sacrifices were performed immediately after and six weeks after the operation. The mechanical properties studied were maximum load, tension in the maximum load and module of elasticity. The contralateral tendon was used as a control. RESULTS: The statistical analysis showed that for the times studied, the values for mechanical properties did not present any significant differences. In relation to the control, i.e. the contralateral tendon without a suture, the results demonstrated that, six weeks after the operation, the values for the modulus of elasticity were lower, whereas there were no significant variations in maximum load or tension at maximum load. CONCLUSION: Placement of suture material on an extrasynovial tendon without lesions decreased the modulus of elasticity, but it did not interfere with the maximum load or tension at maximum load, six weeks after the operation.

Estudo mecânico da estabilidade dorsal da osteossíntese intramedular associada à fixação externa (método de Ulson) / Mechanical study on dorsal stability of intramedullary osteosynthesis associated with external fixation (Ulson's method)

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o método de Ulson de fixação intramedular associado à fixação externa variando a altura do travamento externo dos fios de Kirschner e sem fixação externa. MÉTODO: Foram utilizadas 18 tíbias de porcos, sendo realizada osteotomia transversal na região da tuberosidade e introduzidos dois fios de Kirschner intramedulares em cada peça, em três diferentes padrões de montagem: grupo I - travamento com minifixador externo com 3,0cm de altura; grupo II - travamento com 4,5cm de altura; grupo III: sem travamento externo. Realizaram-se ensaios mecânicos de cisalhamento, obtendo-se: carga máxima, limite de proporcionalidade e coeficiente de rigidez. RESULTADOS: Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas de carga máxima e limite de proporcionalidade entre os grupos; o grupo II apresentou maior coeficiente de rigidez. CONCLUSÃO: A altura do travamento dos fios de Kirschner no método de Ulson, dentro dos limites avaliados, não prejudicou a estabilidade do sistema de fixação da fratura.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the Ulson intramedullary fixation method, with external fixation in which the level of the external locking of the Kirschner wires is varied, and without external fixation. METHODS: Eighteen porcine tibias were used. Transverse osteotomy was performed in the region of the tuberosity, and two intramedullary Kirschner wires were inserted into each specimen, using three different assembly patterns: Group I: locking with external minifixator at a height of 3.0 cm; Group II: locking at a height of 4.5 cm; Group III: without external locking. Mechanical shear tests were then conducted, to determine the maximum load, proportionality limit and coefficient of rigidity. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in maximum load or proportionality limit between the groups. The coefficient of rigidity was higher in Group II. CONCLUSION: The locking height for the Kirschner wires in Ulson's method, within the limits evaluated, did not harm the stability of the fracture fixation system.

ACUTE ISOLATED ANTEROLATERAL DISLOCATION OF THE PROXIMAL TIBIOFIBULAR JOINT.

Isolated traumatic dislocation of the proximal tibiofibular joint is rare. This injury may go unrecognized or be misdiagnosed at the initial presentation. Lack of clinical suspicion can cause diagnostic problems. The diagnosis requires an accurate history of the mechanism and symptoms of the injury, and adequate clinical and radiographic evaluation of both knees. Unrecognized cases are a source of chronic abnormalities. The treatment consists of closed reduction and immobilization or, in non-reducible or unstable cases, open reduction with temporary internal fixation. A rare case of isolated proximal tibiofibular dislocation in a basketball player is reported to illustrate this injury.