Caries experience, obesity and demographic factors in school children: A cluster analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the association between caries experience, obesity, and socioeconomic and environmental factors in 2, 5 and 12 years-old schoolchildren. Secondarily, the influence of school infrastructure was assessed. METHODS: Primary data from 1762 schoolchildren from the municipality of Cajamar (SP, Brazil) and socioeconomic and environmental secondary data (Brazilian Census 2010, School Census, Prova Brasil/2017) were used. Caries and treatment experience (dmft/DMFT indices), dental occlusion, visible biofilm, weight and height were assessed. RESULTS: Caries experience was found in 6.5%, 40.2% and 46.5% of children at 2, 5 and 12 years, respectively. At 12y, greater caries experience was observed among children financially assisted by the Bolsa Família governmental program. Excess weight was found in 30%, 35% and 34% at 2, 5 and 12 years. At 2 and 5 years, the highest dental caries indices were associated with disadvantageous socioeconomic indicators (households water supply and sewage system, garbage collection, literate head and income), while overweight was associated with female sex and better socioeconomic aspects. At 12y, the group with obesity was characterized by low dmf+DMFT index and better household aspects, while the group with greater dmf+DMFT index comprised normal-weight children. A correlation between the percentage of caries experience and student/employee ratio of the school was observed. CONCLUSION: An association between disadvantageous socioeconomic and environmental aspects and dental caries was observed, while obesity was associated with better socioeconomic status of the schoolchildren. While no direct association was found between obesity and dental caries, the results emphasize the influence of socioeconomic/environmental variables on health outcomes.

Effect of the partial substitution of mango and ground chia on the antioxidant capacity in the elaboration of nectar based on sachatomate.

The consumption of products with high nutritional value and antioxidant capacity has increased notably in recent years. Due to health problems such as triglycerides and cardiovascular problems, its use is becoming reduced. So that, chia (Salvia hispánica) and sachatomate (Cyphomandra betacea) have gained interest as an alternative to develop nutraceutical products, compared to conventional products. The objective of the study was to determine the effect of the partial substitution of mango (Mangifera indica) and ground chia (Salvia hispánica) on the antioxidant capacity in the elaboration of nectar based on Sachatomate. The physicochemical characteristics were determined where sample 11 complies with the established parameters: 13.4° Brix, pH 4.323, 0.354 of C6-H8-O7 and viscosity 3967.3 mPas, according to the NTP 203.110 standard. Regarding the antioxidant capacity, sample 12 was the most optimal, according to the DPPH method, it has been determined 104.3 micromoles Trolox equivalents; according to the ABTS method, it was determined with an antioxidant content of 187.4 micromoles Trolox equivalents. Regarding the proximal chemical evaluation, sample 12 was determined to be the most suitable with a moisture percentage of 87.45%, ash 0.32%, crude fiber 0.09%, fat 0.10%, protein 0.45% and carbohydrates 11.59%. Concluding that substituting sachatomate and ground chia significantly influences the antioxidant capacity, increasing to 104.3 and 187.4 micromoles Trolox equivalents, determined by both methods, indicates that nectar consumption can be used to improve the health of consumers.

El músculo pectoral mayor como opción para la valoración electromiográfica del plexo braquial / The major pectoral muscle as an option for the electromyographic value of the brachial plexus

El registro electromiográfico es una forma de evaluación de los impulsos eléctricos aferentes y eferentes del sistema muscular al sistema nervioso, su valoración permite explorar lesiones nerviosas o patologías neuromusculares en unidades motoras o nerviosas específicas, en este caso, valoramos el plexo braquial y se desea comparar la actividad de este plexo entre los músculos del brazo con el pectoral mayor, ya que, este último puede servir como una opción de valoración del plexo braquial y además de fácil acceso. Este estudio se realizó comparando 4 pacientes de la unidad de neurofisiología de la Caja Nacional de Salud de la ciudad de La Paz, donde se comparó la actividad eléctrica de los músculos del brazo y el pectoral mayor. Los resultados obtenidos mostraron que el músculo pectoral mayor sería suficiente para valorar la actividad eléctrica en las lesiones del plexo braquial, hemos observado que, sirve para valorar lesiones, tanto del tronco superior e inferior del plexo braquial como una lesión total de este plexo, además, permite mejor acceso que los músculos del brazo en caso de accidentes con lesión de los miembros superiores.

Determinación de infecciones urinarias en mujeres internas de penal San Roque Sucre 2019 / Determination of urinary infections in internal women of San Roque Penal Sucre 2019

La infección en las vías urinarias constituye una causa importante de morbilidad en el adulto y son particularmente frecuentes en el sexo femenino, donde las mujeres son más propensas a contraer una IU lo que facilita que los gérmenes del exterior lleguen hasta el sistema urinario por ejemplo las bacterias gram negativas y la Escherichia Coli tiene una elevada tendencia a recidivar y volverse resistente al uso de antimicrobianos, las IU constituye una de las 10 enfermedades más comunes en privados de libertad en Bolivia, debido a que no tienen una buena infraestructura, los servicios sanitarios no abastecen a los internos ya que no cuentan con una buena información y educación sobre IU ignorando los riesgos, complicaciones que puede causar. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar la prevalencia, los factores más frecuentes de IU en internas del penal San Roque. Se realizó el 10 de julio de 2019 un estudio observacional transversal en el que participaron todas las internas del penal de 22 a 72 años (n= 43). Para la determinación de infecciones urinarias, se entregó frascos recolectores para orina con previa indicación para la correcta recolección de la muestra. Posteriormente se realizó un examen general de orina (EGO) (examen físico, químico, microscópico) y tinción de Gram, como procedimiento final se hizo el cultivo para determinar el germen causante. En este estudio se trabajó con 43 mujeres, con el 100 % de la población de los cuales se obtuvo 11.62% dio positivo a IU, el 88.38% resulto negativo

Infection in the urinary tract is an important cause of morbidity in the adult and they are particularly frequent in the female sex, where women are more likely to get an UI, which makes it easier for germs from outside to reach the urinary system such as Gram-negative bacteria and Escherichia Coli have a high tendency to recur and become resistant to the use of antimicrobials, UTIs is one of the 10 most common diseases deprived of liberty in Bolivia, because they do not have a good infrastructure, health services they do not supply the inmates since they do not have good information and education about UI ignoring the risks, complications that can cause. This study aimed to determine the prevalence, the most frequent factors of UI in San Roque prison inmates. A cross-sectional observational study was carried out on July 10, 2019, in which all inmates of the prison from 22 to 72 years old participated (n = 43). For the determination of urinary infections, urine collection bottles were delivered with prior indication for the correct collection of the sample. Subsequently, a general urine test (EGO) (physical, chemical, microscopic examination) and Gram stain was performed, as a final procedure the culture was done to determine the causative germ. In this study we worked with 43 women, with 100% of the population of which 11.62% were obtained, IU tested positive, 88.38% were negative.

Treatment of lower lip pits in Van der Woude syndrome: a systematic review.

The presence of lower lip pits in individuals with Van der Woude syndrome (VWS) may cause discomfort due to saliva secretion. Furthermore, one of the main complaints in relation to lip pits is poor aesthetics, which often affects quality of life. The aim of this systematic review was to identify the best technique for the surgical removal of lower lip pits in terms of aesthetic and functional characteristics. A search of the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Science Direct, and Scopus databases was performed on December 27, 2016, which retrieved 88 records without duplicates. Among these papers, three ultimately met all eligibility criteria. The three studies included a total of 61 individuals, with follow-up ranging from 6 months to 10 years and sample collection from 10 to 24 years. The findings demonstrated that the outcome of surgical removal of lower lip pits was better with the use of vertical wedge excision, inverted-T lip reduction, Mutaf-Goldstein technique and modified simple excision than with simple excision. Simple excision may result in postoperative complications, such as mucocele and pit recurrence.

Características de los tratamientos biológicos en enfermedades reumáticas en Argentina: quinto informe del registro BIOBADASAR / Features of rheumatic diseases biological treatments in Argentina: BIOBADASAR fifth report

Introducción: El proyecto BIOBADASAR (Registro argentino deeventos adversos con tratamientos biológicos en reumatología)comenzó en agosto de 2010, para recabar información a largo plazosobre los eventos adversos en tratamientos biológicos en pacientescon enfermedades reumáticas en la práctica clínica cotidiana enArgentina.Pacientes y método: Se registraron datos de cada paciente,tratamientos y acontecimientos adversos relevantes o importantes.Los pacientes debían tener enfermedad diagnosticada y tratadacon un agente biológico. Cada caso se comparó con un control:un paciente con tratamiento no biológico con característicasdemográficas similares. Se analizaron los datos con análisis de lavarianza, con test de t de Student, Mann Whitney, test chi2, o testexacto de Fisher. El análisis de supervivencia de los tratamientoshasta su discontinuación o interrupción se realizó con el método deKaplan-Meier y test log-rank...

Background: BIOBADASAR (Argentine Registry of Adverse Eventsin Biological Treatments in Rheumatology) was started in August2010 to obtain long-term information of patients with rheumatic diseases,treatments and adverse events in everyday clinical practice.Patients and methods: Data on patients’ demographics,treatments and adverse events were collected. Patients had a diagnosisof a rheumatic disease and were treated with biological agent.To compare information, a control group was included, consisting ofpatients treated with similar demographic characteristics but treatedwith a non-biological agent. Data were analysed with Anova,Student´s t, Mann Whitney, chi2, Fisher´s exact tests, as appropriate.Survival analysis of treatments was performed with Kaplan-Meiercurves and log-rank test...

Heritability and identification of QTLs and underlying candidate genes associated with the architecture of the grapevine cluster (Vitis vinifera L.).

KEY MESSAGE: We have identified 19 QTLs for rachis architecture, a key and complex trait for grapevine production. Fifty out of 1,173 genes underlying these QTLs are candidates to be further explored. In the table grape industry, the rachis architecture has economic and management implications. Therefore, understanding the genetics of this trait is key for its breeding. The aim of this work was to identify genetic determinants of traits associated with the cluster architecture. Characterisations of eight traits was performed on a 'Ruby Seedless' × 'Sultanina' crossing (F1: n = 137) during three seasons, with and without gibberellic acid (GA3) applications. The genotypic effects and the genotype × GA3 interactions were significant for several traits. Rachis length (rl), lateral shoulder length and node number along the central axis were the most prominent traits. On average, the heritability of these traits was ~71 %, with heritability of rl being 76 % as estimated under different seasons. Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) analyses showed that linkage group 5 (LG5) and LG18 harboured the largest number of QTLs for these traits. According to the variance explained, the main QTL (corresponding to rl) was found on LG9. These QTLs were supported mainly by a paternal additive effect and revealed possible pleiotropic effects. Based on the grapevine reference genome, we identified 1,173 genes located under these QTL confidence intervals. Fifty of the 891 annotated genes of this list were selected for their further characterisation because of their possible participation in the rachis architecture. In conclusion, the QTLs detected indicate that these traits and their GA3 responsiveness have a clear genetic basis. Due to the percentage of the total variance explained, they are good candidates to participate in the genetic determination of the cluster architecture.

Tercer reporte de eventos adversos con tratamientos biológicos en Argentina. Informe de registro biobadasar / Thrid report of adverse events with biologics in Argentina. Report from biobadasar registry

Introducción: BIOBADASAR (Registro Argentino de Eventos Adversos con Tratamientos Biológicos en Reumatología) comenzó en agosto de 2010. La importancia de este registro es mostrar datos locales que, probablemente, puedan diferir de otros registros. El objetivo es comunicar los resultados del tercer reporte de BIOBADASAR. Métodos: Todos los pacientes con enfermedades reumáticas que requirieron tratamiento con agentes biológicos y pacientes controles sin estos tratamientos fueron incluidos en la base de datos provenientes de 32 centros participando a lo largo de la Argentina. Tres áreas de datos son analizados: características de los pacientes, tratamientos y eventos adversos...

Introduction: BIOBADASAR (Argentine Registry of Adverse Events with Biological Treatments in Rheumatology) began in August 2010. The importance of this registry is to show local data that may probably differ from other registries. The objective is to communicate the results of the third BIOBADASAR report. Methods: All patients with rheumatic diseases who required treatment with biological agents and control patients without these treatments were included in the database from 32 participating centers throughout Argentina. Three areas of data are analyzed: patient characteristics, treatments and adverse events...

[Outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis in Antofagasta Region, Chile 2010]. / Brote de gastroenteritis aguda en la Región de Antofagasta,Chile: 2010.

Outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis are a public health problem. Norovirus is known as the most common cause (50%). In Chile, immediate notification allows surveillance of these events. We describe an acute gastroenteritis outbreak that occurred in Antofagasta region, between March and April 2010. An observational study was conducted to perform the outbreak investigation. Local residents who met case definition were included. Stool samples, epidemiological surveys and environmental samples were requested. The outbreak began approximately on March 8, 2010 and lasted until April 28 with 31,036 reported cases (rate 54 per 1000 inhabitants). The most affected age group was between 25 and 44 years, and diarrhea was the main symptom (97% of cases). We determined the presence of norovirus genogroup II in clinical and environmental samples. This outbreak was caused by consumption of raw vegetables from La Chimba, which were watered and contaminated with treated sewage containing low concentration of free residual chlorine. Subsequently, the outbreak spread from person to person in a poor sanitary environment.

Brote de gastroenteritis aguda en la Región de Antofagasta,Chile: 2010 / Outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis in Antofagasta Region: Chile 2010

Outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis are a public health problem. Norovirus is known as the most common cause (50%). In Chile, immediate notification allows surveillance of these events. We describe an acute gastroenteritis outbreak that occurred in Antofagasta region, between March and April 2010. An observational study was conducted to perform the outbreak investigation. Local residents who met case definition were included. Stool samples, epidemiological surveys and environmental samples were requested. The outbreak began approximately on March 8, 2010 and lasted until April 28 with 31,036 reported cases (rate 54 per 1000 inhabitants). The most affected age group was between 25 and 44 years, and diarrhea was the main symptom (97% of cases). We determined the presence of norovirus genogroup II in clinical and environmental samples. This outbreak was caused by consumption of raw vegetables from La Chimba, which were watered and contaminated with treated sewage containing low concentration of free residual chlorine. Subsequently, the outbreak spread from person to person in a poor sanitary environment.

Antecedentes: Los brotes por gastroenteritis aguda constituyen un problema de salud pública. Se conoce al norovirus como la causa más común (50%). En Chile, la vigilancia de estos eventos, se establece mediante la notificación inmediata. Objetivo: Investigar y caracterizar el brote de gastroenteritis aguda ocurrido en la Región de Antofagasta, durante los meses de marzo y abril de 2010. Método: Se efectuó un estudio observacional descriptivo para realizar la investigación de brote. Se incluyó a residentes de la región que cumplían con la definición de caso. Se solicitó muestras de deposición, encuesta epidemiológica y muestras ambientales. Resultados: Se estimó que el brote comenzó el 8 de marzo de 2010 y duró hasta el 28 de abril del mismo año; se notificaron 31. 036 casos (tasa 54 por 1.000 habitantes). El grupo de 25 y 44 años de edad fue el más afectado y la diarrea fue el síntoma predominante (97% de los casos). Se determinó la presencia de norovirus genogrupo II en muestras clínicas y ambientales. Conclusiones: El brote se originó por el consumo crudo de hortalizas que provenían del sector La Chimba, las que fueron regadas y contaminadas con agua servida tratada que contenía baja concentración de cloro libre residual y posteriormente se propagó por transmisión persona-persona, en un ambiente sanitario deficiente.

The sensitivity of tropical leaf litter decomposition to temperature: results from a large-scale leaf translocation experiment along an elevation gradient in Peruvian forests.

• We present the results from a litter translocation experiment along a 2800-m elevation gradient in Peruvian tropical forests. The understanding of the environmental factors controlling litter decomposition is important in the description of the carbon and nutrient cycles of tropical ecosystems, and in predicting their response to long-term increases in temperature. • Samples of litter from 15 species were transplanted across all five sites in the study, and decomposition was tracked over 448 d. • Species' type had a large influence on the decomposition rate (k), most probably through its influence on leaf quality and morphology. When samples were pooled across species and elevations, soil temperature explained 95% of the variation in the decomposition rate, but no direct relationship was observed with either soil moisture or rainfall. The sensitivity of the decay rate to temperature (κ(T)) varied seven-fold across species, between 0.024 and 0.169 °C⁻¹, with a mean value of 0.118 ± 0.009 °C⁻¹ (SE). This is equivalent to a temperature sensitivity parameter (Q10) for litter decay of 3.06 ± 0.28, higher than that frequently assumed for heterotrophic processes. • Our results suggest that the warming of approx. 0.9 °C experienced in the region in recent decades may have increased decomposition and nutrient mineralization rates by c. 10%.

Plantas alimenticias, medicinales y biocidas de las comunidades de Muñani y Suatia, provincia de Lampa (Puno-Perú) / Food, medicinal and biocide plants from the communities of Muñani and Suatia, province of Lampa (Puno-Peru)

Este trabajo de investigación fue desarrollado durante noviembre y diciembre de 2004 y entre enero y marzo de 2005, en las comunidades de Muñani (Región natural Suni) y Suatía (Región natural Puna) de la provincia de Lampa, Región Puno. El objetivo fue determinar las especies vegetales y el uso alimenticio, medicinal y biocida en ambas comunidades. Para determinar la riqueza se aplicaron cuadrantes de 1 m2 al azar y para determinar su uso, se realizó entrevistas a los pobladores de mayor de edad. Comparando la riqueza vegetal en ambas comunidades, el índice de diversidad de Shannon - Weaner expresó 2.2963 para la comunidad de Suatía y 2.4964 para Muñani. Aplicando la prueba de significancia, se encontró diferencia significativa entre ambas comunidades (P < 0.05). Se recopiló información sobre el uso de la flora etnobotánica, encontrándose 15 especies alimenticias, 56 medicinales y 6 biocidas para la comunidad de Suatía; en Muñani son 4 especies alimenticias y 25 medicinales.

Resultados de la vigilancia centinela de gastroenteritis por rotavirus en Chile / Sentry surveillance study of rotavirus gastroenteritis in Chile

A sentinel-based outpatient and inpatient surveillance for rotavirus infection has been implemented in Chile. Aim: Update the impact of rotavirus infections in Chile. Methods: Ambulatory surveillance is performed in 14 centers from 8 Regions and hospital-based surveillance in 8 hospitals from three Regions (V, VIII and Metropolitan). Results: In 2007, 339 stool samples that represented 9.3 percent of all outpatient cases were studied of which 15 percent were rotavirus positive. A total of 2.074 children younger than 5 years of age were hospitalized representing 9 percent of all hospitalizations for this age group. Rotavirus was detected in 13.6 percent of these cases. Conclusions: In the current epidemiological situation, rotavirus surveillance needs to be sustained with increased efforts to detect cases in order to avoid underreporting. Serotype/genotype surveillance of rotavirus strains needs to be included in the near future.

En Chile, se realiza la vigilancia de gastroenteritis causadas por rotavirus en niños bajo 5 años a través de centros centinelas ambulatorios y hospitalarios. Objetivo: Conocer la epidemiología de las diarreas por rotavirus y evaluar la carga de morbi-mortalidad. Método: La vigilancia ambulatoria se desarrolla en 14 centros de 8 regiones y la vigilancia hospitalaria se lleva a cabo en 8 hospitales pediátricos de las regiones Vª, VIIIªy RM. Resultados: En 2007, 9,3 por ciento de las consultas por diarrea fue estudiada (339), detectándose rotavirus en 15 por ciento de ellas. Se hospitalizaron por diarrea, 2.074 casos, 9 por ciento del total de las hospitalizaciones en este grupo etario. De estas, 13,6 por ciento fueron por rotavirus. Conclusiones: Dada la situación epidemiológica actual, es importante mantener la vigilancia, ampliar la pesquisa de los casos, aplicar el protocolo de vigilancia establecido y determinar el serotipo/genotipo circulante en el país.

[Sentry surveillance study of rotavirus gastroenteritis in Chile]. / Resultados de la vigilancia centinela de gastroenteritis por rotavirus en Chile.

UNLABELLED: A sentinel-based outpatient and inpatient surveillance for rotavirus infection has been implemented in Chile. AIM: Update the impact of rotavirus infections in Chile. METHODS: Ambulatory surveillance is performed in 14 centers from 8 Regions and hospital-based surveillance in 8 hospitals from three Regions (V, VIII and Metropolitan). RESULTS: In 2007, 339 stool samples that represented 9.3% of all outpatient cases were studied of which 15% were rotavirus positive. A total of 2.074 children younger than 5 years of age were hospitalized representing 9% of all hospitalizations for this age group. Rotavirus was detected in 13.6% of these cases. CONCLUSIONS: In the current epidemiological situation, rotavirus surveillance needs to be sustained with increased efforts to detect cases in order to avoid underreporting. Serotype/genotype surveillance of rotavirus strains needs to be included in the near future.

Cambios en la expresión inmunohistoquímica del protooncogen Bcl2 y apoptosis por acción de estimulación colinergica en pacientes con síndrome de Sjõgren primario (SSp) / Changes in Bcl2 immunochemical expresión and apoptosis due to cholinergic stimulation from Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)

El síndrome de Sjõgren es una enfermedad reumática autoinmune, sistémica, que supone la destrucción de la glándula exocrina y órganos internos por medio de grandes infiltraciones mononucleares asociadas con los anticuerpos Ro/SSA, La/SSB y factores reumáticos, ambos síntomas principales de los factores celulares y humorales de la xeroftalmia y la xerostomía. Los infiltrados mononucleares más comunes son los linfocitos CD4, CD8 y B. Los pacientes que sufren de síndrome de Sjõgren corren el riesgo de desarrollar linfoma no Hodgkin. El linfoma folicular es el resultado de una traslocación no homóloga cromosómica 14; 18 produciendo la desregulación de la transcripción y síntesis de la proteína Bcl2. Las proteínas de la familia Bcl2 son reguladores clave de la apoptosis, que estimulan la supervivencia de la célula. Otros grupos de la familia Bcl2 son estimuladores pro-apoptóticos. El comportamiento de las células dependerá de la concentración de los dos miembros de la familia. Objetivos: Los niveles de expresión y apoptosis de Bcl2 en la glándula salival menor pre y pos-tratamiento con agonistas colinérgicos. Pacientes y métodos: Diagnóstico del síndrome de Sjõgren según los criterios europeos. Se eclutaron 10 pacientes, a quienes se estudió durante 5 meses y se los trató con 15 mg de clorhidrato de pilocarpina en cápsulas orales de 5 mg cada 8 horas. Se llevaron a cabo biopsias pre-tratamiento y pos-tratamiento desde el día cero (antes del tratamiento) hasta el quinto mes (después del tratamiento). Antes de ingresar al estudio clínico, los pacientes SSp voluntarios firmaron el consentimiento informado y el estudio se realizó según las normas de buenas prácticas clínicas. Se evaluó la expresión Bcl2 mediante técnicas de inmunohistoquímica y la apoptosis nucleotidil transferasa-peroxidasa mediante técnicas in situ. Diseño del estudio: Abierto, longitudinal, autocontrolado.

Situación epidemiológica de las enfermedades transmitidas por alimentos en Santiago de Chile: período 1999-2000 / Survey of foodborne diseases in the Metropolitan Area of Chile

Background: Foodborne diseases are becoming an important cause of morbidity in Chile. In the Metropolitan Region of Chile, the Environmental Health Service started a surveillance program for foodborne diseases in 1994. In 2000, this program was complemented with an etiologic study of individuals involved in outbreaks. Aim: To report the incidence of foodborne outbreaks in the Metropolitan Region of Chile and its causative agents. Results: One hundred ninety outbreaks of foodborne diseases were reported in 1999 and 260 in 2000. The Southern Metropolitan health service had the higher incidence rates (7.5 in 1999 and 8.2 in 2000). The mean attack rates were 25 percent in both periods, affecting 1248 individuals in 1999 and 1774 in 2000. In 18 percent of outbreaks, a pathogen was identified; the most frequent agents were Salmonella Spp, Staphylococcus aureus and Shigella. In 15 percent of subjects, the cause was histamine or chemical agents. In the rest of the cases, the cause was not identified. The foods with higher risk of causing foodborne diseases were hot prepared dishes, home made goat cheese and meats. Conclusions: The incidence rates of foodborne disease in Metropolitan Area of Chile are high and maybe underestimate, only in a low rate of outbreaks was possible to have samples for etiologic studies. For a better understanding of this problem, timely notification of foodborne diseases must be encouraged and educational campaigns about the proper manipulation of food items must be implemented

Evolucion de una vasculitis hipocomplementemica / Evolution of hypocomplementemic vasculitis

Paciente de 34 años que consulto por poliartralgias, oligoartritis, Fenomeno de Raynaud y rash malar. Posteriormente se añadio debilidad muscular, edema bipalpebral, tumefaccion de manos y pies, y signo de Koebner positivo. Se realizo diagnostico de rosacea y vasculitis urticarina hipocomplementemica. Al año siguiente presento xeroftalmia, xerostomia y sequedad vaginal. Se investigo Sindrome de Sjogren Primario confirmandose tal diagnostico (AU)

Evolucion de una vasculitis hipocomplementemica / Evolution of hypocomplementemic vasculitis

Paciente de 34 años que consulto por poliartralgias, oligoartritis, Fenomeno de Raynaud y rash malar. Posteriormente se añadio debilidad muscular, edema bipalpebral, tumefaccion de manos y pies, y signo de Koebner positivo. Se realizo diagnostico de rosacea y vasculitis urticarina hipocomplementemica. Al año siguiente presento xeroftalmia, xerostomia y sequedad vaginal. Se investigo Sindrome de Sjogren Primario confirmandose tal diagnostico

Detección de virus Norwalk y México, dos calicivirus humanos en deposiciones de niños chilenos / Detection of Norwalk and Mexico virus, 2 human calciviruses in feces of chilean children

Background: Human calciviruses (HuCVs) cause diarrhea outbreaks associated with consumption of contaminated food and water. Seroepidemiological studies in developing countries, suggest that HuCVs can cause acute gastroenteritis in children. Aim: To study the presence of Norwalk (NV) and Mexico (MX) virus, two HuCVs, in stools of Chilean children from different settings. Subjects and methods: ELISA tests for NV and MX were performed in 677 stool samples for children aged 0 to 132 years old, with acute diarrhea occurring in day care centers or consulting in outpatient clinics or emergency rooms. We also studied eight samples from children involved in a diarrhea outbreak that occurred in a rural community in 1992. A subset of samples was tested with polymerase chain reactions using different primers. Results: Only one sample from a child with acute diarrhea occurring in a day care center was positive for HuCV by polymerase chain reaction. Three samples from the outbreak were positive by the latter method and by ELISA. The HuCV obtained from the day care center was genetically different from other known HuCV. Conclusions: Despite the high seroprevalence, NV and MX viruses were detected in a very low proportion of Chilean children stools

Relaciones fenotípicas y moleculares entre cepas de vibrio cholerae 01 aisladas en Chile, Perú y Bolivia: comparación con cepas de reservorios ambientales / Phenotypical and molecular relation between vibrio cholerae 01 strains, isolated in Chile, Perú and Bolivia: comparison with strains from environmental reservoirs

The phenotype, biotype and susceptibility to nine antimicrobials was determined for each isolated strain. Also, the genes of cholera and termolabile toxins were determined using DNA probes and a chromosomal restriction profile was done using HindIII, EcoRI and NotI enzymes. Features studied were similar in the 53 strains isolated from patients. Those isolated from environmental reservoirs had different antimicrobial susceptibility, showing ampicillin resistance and the GT gene was detected in one of 20 strains, compared to clinical samples were it was present in all. Strains isolated from patients and envirinment had similar chromosomal restriction profiles. The chromosomal restriction profile gives an image of bacterial genome and it is a useful and reliable tool for the epidemiological surveillance of cholera