RESUMO
The objective of this study was to detect the reasons of rooster's fertility decrease at 50 weeks of age. Therefore, the reproductive system of broiler breeder roosters was laparoscopic, macroscopic and histopathology evaluated, and a comparison of the anatomical aspect with the sperm analysis and birds' age was realized. Cobb roosters (n = 59) were distributed into two groups (30 and 50 weeks). Evaluations were performed with laparoscopy, macroscopy and histopathology, and seminal quality, blood serum testosterone concentration and weight were also determined. The old roosters presented smaller testicle size, higher intensity epididymal lithiasis and lower testicle sperm production, compared to the young roosters. The use of the endoscope could easily distinguish a normal-sized testicle than an atrophic one. Four old roosters with severe testicular atrophy did not show spermatogenesis, although three still had sperm in the ejaculate. This would falsely indicate a wrong diagnosis of normal fertility before the testicular atrophy took place. In conclusion, in addition to the weight increase with age, the testicular atrophy and impairment of sperm production seemed to be the main reason to the decrease in the rooster's fertility at 50 weeks of age. Therefore, the use of the laparoscopy as a way to detect the roosters with testicular atrophy before 50 weeks of age and their removal from them flock could be useful as a diagnostic tool to prevent the birds' fertility loss.
Assuntos
Fatores Etários , Galinhas/fisiologia , Epididimo/patologia , Litíase/patologia , Análise do Sêmen/veterinária , Testículo/patologia , Animais , Peso Corporal , Infertilidade Masculina/veterinária , Laparoscopia , Masculino , Espermatogênese , Testosterona/sangueRESUMO
Avaliou-se mecanicamente o compósito de poli-hidroxibutirato 70 por cento e hidroxiapatita 30 por cento na forma de placas para fixação óssea. Foram utilizadas 15 placas do compósito com 60mm de comprimento por 10mm de largura e espessura variando de 3mm no centro a 5mm nas extremidades, com seis orifícios. As placas foram fixadas em um modelo acrílico de fêmur de gato, e o conjunto foi submetido aos testes de flexão com quatro pontos, compressão axial e torção, empregando-se como referência microplacas de aço ASTM-F138 2,0mm. As médias das forças máximas nos testes de flexão e de compressão foram, respectivamente, de 323,20N e 617,70N, para as placas de compósito, e de 352,33N e 547,70N, para as placa de aço. No teste de torção, as médias dos torques máximos foram de 1,01Nm para as placas de compósito e de 1,15Nm para as placas de aço. Não houve diferença estatística entre as placas de compósito e de aço. O comportamento físico do material foi diferente, pois as placas de compósito se romperam e as de aço apenas se deformaram, revelando baixa ductilidade das placas de compósito.
Fixation bone plates made of 70 percent polyhydroxybutyrate and 30 percent hydroxyapatite composite were mechanically evaluated. The fifteen composite plates employed presented six holes and measured 60 x 10mm, length and width, respectively, with thickness ranging from 3 to 5mm according to the region. The plates were fixed in acrylic models of cat femur, then were subjected to tests of four-points bending, axial compression, and torsion, using as reference 2mm stainless steel plates. The means of the maximum force in flexion and compression tests were, respectively, 323.20N and 617,70N for the composite plates and 352.33N and 547.70N for the steel plates. In the torsional test, the means of torque were 1.01Nm for the composite plates and 1.15Nm for steel plates. There were no statistical differences between the plates of composite and steel. The physical behavior of the material was different once the composite plates broke up while the stainless steel ones only presented deformation, revealing the low ductility of the composite plates.
Assuntos
Gatos , Durapatita/análise , Gatos/classificação , Osso e Ossos/anatomia & histologiaRESUMO
Avaliou-se o compósito de poli-hidroxibutirado (PHB) 70 por cento e hidroxiapatita (HA) 30 por cento na forma de placas para fixação óssea em gatos. Foram usadas placas do compósito com 60mm de comprimento por 10mm de largura e espessura variando de 3mm no centro a 5mm nas extremidades, com seis orifícios. A placa do compósito foi empregada na fixação de osteotomia de fêmur em quatro gatos, totalizando seis intervenções. Verificou-se a ruptura de cinco placas (83,3 por cento) até o quarto dia e de uma placa (16,7 por cento) aos 21 dias, quando se observou um calo ósseo exuberante. O resultado da implantação da placa no gato mostrou que o compósito não possui resistência suficiente para ser empregado como placas de fixação de fêmur em gatos.
The composite of polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) 70 percent and hydroxyapatite (HA) 30 percent was evaluated as plate for bone fixation in cats. The employed composite plates presented six orifices and measured 60 x 10mm, length and width, respectively, with thickness ranging from 3 to 5mm according to the region. The composite plate was used in the fixation of femoral osteotomy in four cats, in a total of six interventions. There were ruptures in five plates (83.3 percent) until day 4 and in one plate (16.7 percent) on the day 21, when it was possible to observe an exuberant osseous callus. The result of the plate deployment in the cat showed that the composite does not have sufficient strength to be used as plate of femoral fixation in cats.