Dermoscopic Aspects of Traumatized Nevi After Dermabrasion.

BACKGROUND: Melanocytic nevi submitted to trauma can undergo clinical, dermoscopic, and even histological changes, making it difficult to differentiate them from a melanoma. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to evaluate the dermoscopic changes of traumatized nevi after dermabrasion. METHODS: Dermoscopic images of acquired melanocytic nevi were compared before and 4 weeks after half of their area had undergone dermabrasion. RESULTS: The sample consisted of 50 lesions from 15 patients. The homogeneous pattern was the most frequent, followed by the reticular, cobblestone, and globular patterns. After dermabrasion, nearly half of the lesions (46%) became dermatoscopically asymmetric. Among all lesions, structureless areas, dotted vessels and erythema were the most frequent new dermoscopic structures. CONCLUSION: Trauma after dermabrasion may induce significant dermoscopic changes in melanocytic nevi. Although the global pattern did not change, most of the lesions became asymmetric, with the appearance or fading of dermoscopic structures and colors. A history of recent trauma should be investigated when evaluating pigmented lesions.

Dermoscopy of the iris: identification of Lisch nodules and contribution to the diagnosis of Neurofibromatosis type 1.

Neurofibromatosis is a common genodermatosis, whose diagnosis often involves the participation of a dermatologist. A case of a 38-year-old female patient with four café-au-lait macules and eleven neurofibromas on clinical examination is presented. Dermoscopy allowed the identification of Lisch nodules in the iris, bilaterally. The combination of these findings allowed the diagnosis of neurofibromatosis type 1, according to NIH criteria. Lisch nodules are melanocytic hamartomas of the iris, which must be evaluated through a visual augmentation method, usually employed in ophthalmology. Alternatively, dermoscopy can be used and contribute to the early diagnosis of neurofibromatosis type 1.

Angioqueratoma de Fordyce tratado com laser Nd: YAG 1064nm pulso longo / Angiokeratoma of Fordyce treated with long pulsed Nd: YAG 1064 nm laser

Introdução: angioqueratomas de Fordyce são pequenas pápulas violáceas, assintomáticas, localizadas no escroto, corpo do pênis ou nos grandes lábios. Vários métodos estão entre as opções terapêuticas, incluindo lasers. Relato do caso: homem, com múltiplas pápulas violáceas na bolsa escrotal, compatíveis com angioqueratomas de Fordyce. Foi realizado tratamento com uma única sessão de laser Nd:YAG de pulso longo. Discussão: o benefício do tratamento de angioqueratomas com lasers é permitir a coagulação dos vasos sem sangramento. Conclusão: embora sejam lesões vasculares benignas, angioqueratomas podem gerar preocupação estética. Dermatologistas devem estar cientes das opções de tratamento disponíveis

Introduction: Angiokeratoma of Fordyce are benign vascular lesions that present as small, asymptomatic, purple papule on the scrotum, shaft of the penis, or labia majora. Therapeutic options comprise several methods, including lasers. Case report: Men presented with multiple violaceous papules on the scrotum, compatible with angiokeratoma of Fordyce. The patient was treated with a single session of long pulsed Nd:YAG 1064 nm laser. Discussion: Treating angiokeratomas with lasers has the benefit of allowing vessel coagulation without bleeding. Conclusion: Even though these are benign lesions, patients seek treatment because of cosmetic concerns. Dermatologists should be aware of treatment options available.

Tratamento da hipomelanose gutata idiopática com laser Er:YAG 2940nm isolado ou combinado ao drug delivery de piperina: um estudo-piloto comparativo / Treatment of idiopathic guttate hypomelanosis with Er:YAG 2940nm laser alone or combined to piperine drug delivery: a pilot and comparative study

Introdução: Introdução: A hipomelanose gutata idiopática constitui uma leucodermia adquirida, cujas opções terapêuticas disponíveis apresentam resultados inconsistentes. Objetivos: Avaliar o efeito do laser fracionado ablativo isolado ou combinado ao drug delivery de piperina para tratamento de hipomelanose gutata idiopática. Materiais e métodos: Em um estudo prospectivo e comparativo, sete pacientes apresentando HGI nas pernas foram selecionadas, sendo escolhidas cinco lesões em cada perna de cada uma. Ambas as pernas de cada paciente foram submetidas a duas sessões de laser Er:- YAG 2940nm, seguido de drug delivery de piperina 20% somente na perna direita. A avaliação foi feita por avaliadores cegos por meio de fotografias e medidas comparativas das lesões. Resultados: O tamanho das lesões variou de 0,2cm a 1,5cm. Ambos os tratamentos reduziram significativamente o tamanho das lesões (p<0,00008 perna direita e p<0,002 perna esquerda). O método de equações de estimativas generalizadas demonstrou que não houve diferença estatística entre os grupos em relação à redução do tamanho das lesões. A avaliação atingiu melhores escores para a perna direita (laser + piperina) (p=0,126). Conclusão: Embora diferenças estatisticamente significativas não tenham sido encontradas entre o lado tratado com laser e drug delivery versus o lado tratado somente com laser, acreditamos que a técnica possa representar uma opção no arsenal terapêutico.

Introduction: Idiopathic guttate hypomelanosis is an acquired leukoderma, whose available therapeutic options have inconsistent results. Objectives: To evaluate the effect of isolated or combined ablative fractionated laser to drug delivery of piperine for treatment of idiopathic guttate hypomelanosis. Materials and methods: In a prospective and comparative study, seven patients with idiopathic guttate hypomelanosis in the legs were elected, and five lesions were selected on each leg of each. Both legs of each patient were submitted to two Er:YAG 2940nm laser sessions, followed by drug delivery of piperine 20% only in the right leg. Blind evaluators conducted the assessment through photographs and comparative measurements of the lesions. Results: The lesion size ranged from 0.2cm to 1.5 cm. Both treatments significantly reduced lesion size (p< 0.00008, right leg; p< 0.002, left leg). The generalized estimating equation method showed that there was no statistical difference between the groups regarding the reduction of lesion size. The evaluation achieved better scores for the right leg (laser + piperine) (p=0.126). Conclusion: Although statistically significant differences were not found between the side treated with laser and drug delivery versus the side treated only with laser, we believe that the technique may represent an option in the therapeutic arsenal.

Sérum anidro fluido como veículo para formulações de drug delivery: resultados do teste de esterilidade para crescimento bacteriano e fúngico / Anhydrous fluid serum as vehicle for drug delivery formulations: sterility test results for bacterial and fungal growth

Introdução: A entrega tópica de medicamentos é essencial na Dermatologia. Devido à dificuldade de permeação do estrato córneo, as técnicas de drug delivery vêm recebendo destaque. O uso de formulações não específicas para este fim nos faz atentar para possíveis efeitos adversos e para a segurança microbiológica destas formulações. Objetivo: Avaliar crescimento bacteriano e fúngico no sérum anidro fluido por meio do teste de esterilidade simples. Materiais e métodos: O teste de esterilidade simples foi realizado em um sérum anidro contendo ativos lipofílicos e hidrofílicos. Este teste foi realizado três meses após a manufatura do produto. Resultados: A formulação estudada foi aprovada no teste de esterilidade simples realizado três meses após a manufatura do produto, mesmo sem uso de conservantes na formulação. A formulação em estudo foi aprovada no teste de esterilidade possivelmente devido ao fato de o veículo sérum ser de origem mineral e anidra, características que não favorecem a proliferação de micro-organismos. Conclusões: Embora somente o veículo contando ativos específicos tenha sido testado, os resultados deste estudo são promissores e demonstram a necessidade de estudos futuros que englobem de forma mais ampla o assunto.

Introduction: Topical delivery of drugs is essential in Dermatology. Due to the difficulty of permeation of the stratum corneum, drug delivery techniques have been highlighted. The use of non-specific formulations for this purpose makes raises the concern of possible adverse events and the microbiological safety of these formulations. Objective: To assess bacterial and fungal growth in anhydrous fluid serum through simple sterility test. Materials and methods: The simple sterility test was performed on an anhydrous serum containing lipophilic and hydrophilic active substances. This test was performed three months after the manufacture of the product. Results: The formulation studied was approved in the simple sterility test conducted three months after the manufacture of the product, even without the use of preservatives in the formulation. Discussion: The assessed formulation was approved in the sterility test possibly due to the fact that the serum vehicle has mineral and anhydrous origin, characteristics that do not favor the proliferation of microorganisms. Conclusions: Although only the vehicle counting specific assets has been tested, the results of this study are promising and demonstrate the need for future studies broadly encompassing this subject.

Laser versus microagulhamento para tratamento de cicatriz facial - Relato de caso / Laser versus microneedling for the treatment of facial scar ­ Case report

Tanto o microagulhamento quanto o laser fracionado ablativo podem ser utilizados para o tratamento de cicatrizes. Neste artigo relata-se o caso de paciente do sexo feminino foi tratada em metade de cicatriz perioral com laser fracionado ablativo de CO2 e na outra metade da cicatriz com microagulhamento utilizando roller 2mm. Os resultados obtidos foram superiores na metade submetida ao procedimento com laser.

Both microneedling and ablative fractional laser can be used for the treatment of scars. The present article reports the case of a female patient who had the first half of a perioral scar treated with ablative fractional CO2 laser, and the second half treated with microneedling, using a 2mm roller. Outcomes were superior in the half treated with laser.

Xantoma disseminado: relato de caso e revisão da literatura / Disseminated xanthoma: a case report and literature review

Xantoma disseminado é uma histiocitose não Langerhans, rara, não familiar, benigna, normolipídica, caracterizada pela deposição lipídica na pele e órgãos internos secundária à proliferação histiocitária. É caracterizado por lesões xantomatosas que geralmente afetam as regiões flexurais e, frequentemente, acomete mucosas. Tem curso em geral benigno, com resolução das lesões cutâneas em alguns anos, porém lesões em certas localizações podem resultar em morbidade e até óbito, sendo, nestes casos, o achado cutâneo uma importante pista diagnóstica. Devido à sua raridade, não há um consenso terapêutico, e as respostas às terapias têm sido insatisfatórias. Relatamos o caso de uma paciente com essa patologia, na qual não foi detectada patologia sistêmica (AU)

Disseminated xanthoma is a rare non-familial, benign, and normolipid form of non-Langerhans histiocytosis, characterized by lipid deposition in the skin and internal organs secondary to histiocytic proliferation. It is characterized by xanthomatous lesions that generally affect the flexural regions and often affects mucous membranes. Although it has a generally benign course, with resolution of cutaneous lesions in a few years, lesions in certain locations can result in morbidity and even death. In these cases, the cutaneous finding is an important diagnostic clue. Because of its rarity, there is no therapeutic consensus and responses to therapies have been unsatisfactory. Here we report the case of a patient with this disorder, in whom no systemic disease was detected (AU)

Luz intensa pulsada: revisão das indicações clínicas / Intense Pulsed Light: review of clinical indications

A luz intensa pulsada é um dispositivo que emite luz de alta intensidade, policromática, não coerente e não colimada. Sua versatilidade permite combinar parâmetros e tratar vários tipos de lesões cutâneas vasculares e melanocíticas, além da realização da epilação e do fotorrejuvenescimento não ablativo. Embasado na literatura médica, o presente artigo descreve indicações clássicas e inovadoras do uso da luz intensa pulsada.

Intense pulsed light is a device that emits high intensity, polychromatic, non-coherent and not collimated light. IPL versatility allows combining parameters to treat a variety of skin vascular and melanocytic lesions, epilation and non ablative photorejuvenation. This article describes classic and innovative indications for intense pulsed light use based on medical literature.

Psoriasis comorbidities: complications and benefits of immunobiological treatment

Abstract During the last decade, different studies have converged to evidence the high prevalence of comorbidities in subjects with psoriasis. Although a causal relation has not been fully elucidated, genetic relation, inflammatory pathways and/or common environmental factors appear to be underlying the development of psoriasis and the metabolic comorbidities. The concept of psoriasis as a systemic disease directed the attention of the scientific community in order to investigate the extent to which therapeutic interventions influence the onset and evolution of the most prevalent comorbidities in patients with psoriasis. This study presents scientific evidence of the influence of immunobiological treatments for psoriasis available in Brazil (infliximab, adalimumab, etanercept and ustekinumab) on the main comorbidities related to psoriasis. It highlights the importance of the inflammatory burden on the clinical outcome of patients, not only on disease activity, but also on the comorbidities. In this sense, systemic treatments, whether immunobiologicals or classic, can play a critical role to effectively control the inflammatory burden in psoriatic patients.

Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis associated with spider bite.

Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP) is an acute febrile rash, usually induced by drugs, which recently has been linked to spider bite. We report a case of a male patient, 48 years old, with an erythematous rash accompanied by fever and small non-follicular pustules. He reported previous pain in the buttock with the onset of a necrotic plaque. The lesion was compatible with spider bite of the genus Loxosceles. According to the EuroSCAR group instrument, the patient scored +10 indicating definite diagnosis of AGEP. As the patient had a compatible lesion and had no other triggers of AGEP, in an Loxosceles endemic area, the AGEP would be associated with spider bite, as described in other publications.

Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis associated with spider bite

Abstract: Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP) is an acute febrile rash, usually induced by drugs, which recently has been linked to spider bite. We report a case of a male patient, 48 years old, with an erythematous rash accompanied by fever and small non-follicular pustules. He reported previous pain in the buttock with the onset of a necrotic plaque. The lesion was compatible with spider bite of the genus Loxosceles. According to the EuroSCAR group instrument, the patient scored +10 indicating definite diagnosis of AGEP. As the patient had a compatible lesion and had no other triggers of AGEP, in an Loxosceles endemic area, the AGEP would be associated with spider bite, as described in other publications.

Pretibial mucinosis in an euthyroid patient.

A case of exuberant pretibial mucinosis in a patient with normal thyroid function is reported. A review of literature on possible etiologies other than thyroid disease for the accumulation of mucin in the pretibial area is presented. In the patient described, it is possible that vascular insufficiency is involved. However, this is not the only factor responsible for the accumulation of mucin, since there are still unidentified causes and many patients with vascular diseases do not develop similar injuries.

Pretibial mucinosis in an euthyroid patient

Abstract A case of exuberant pretibial mucinosis in a patient with normal thyroid function is reported. A review of literature on possible etiologies other than thyroid disease for the accumulation of mucin in the pretibial area is presented. In the patient described, it is possible that vascular insufficiency is involved. However, this is not the only factor responsible for the accumulation of mucin, since there are still unidentified causes and many patients with vascular diseases do not develop similar injuries.

Psoriasis comorbidities: complications and benefits of immunobiological treatment.

During the last decade, different studies have converged to evidence the high prevalence of comorbidities in subjects with psoriasis. Although a causal relation has not been fully elucidated, genetic relation, inflammatory pathways and/or common environmental factors appear to be underlying the development of psoriasis and the metabolic comorbidities. The concept of psoriasis as a systemic disease directed the attention of the scientific community in order to investigate the extent to which therapeutic interventions influence the onset and evolution of the most prevalent comorbidities in patients with psoriasis. This study presents scientific evidence of the influence of immunobiological treatments for psoriasis available in Brazil (infliximab, adalimumab, etanercept and ustekinumab) on the main comorbidities related to psoriasis. It highlights the importance of the inflammatory burden on the clinical outcome of patients, not only on disease activity, but also on the comorbidities. In this sense, systemic treatments, whether immunobiologicals or classic, can play a critical role to effectively control the inflammatory burden in psoriatic patients.

Síndrome de Laugier-Hunziker / Laugier-Hunziker syndrome

A Síndrome de Laugier-Hunziker é uma doença adquirida, caracterizada por hiperpigmentação macular da mucosa oral e lábios, frequentemente associada à melanoníquia longitudinal. Não está associada a manifestações sistêmicas ou a malignidades, e o seu conhecimento é importante no diagnóstico diferencial das hiperpigmentações mucocutâneas, achado frequente na prática clínica. Relatamos um caso de uma paciente de 56 anos, cujo diagnóstico foi feito com base nos achados clínicos e histopatológicos e pela ausência de pólipos à colonoscopia (AU)

The Laugier-Hunziker syndrome is an acquired disorder characterized by macular hyperpigmentation of the oral mucosa and lips, often associated with longitudinal melanonychia. It is not associated with systemic manifestations or malignancies and knowledge of it is important in the differential diagnosis of mucocutaneous hyperpigmentation, a common finding in clinical practice. We report a case of a 56 year-old patient, whose diagnosis was based on clinical and histopathological findings and the absence of polyps at colonoscopy (AU)

Microbiologic profile of hospitalized healthcare workers / Perfil microbiológico de profissionais de saúde com internação hospitalar

Objective: according to the epidemiologic and antimicrobial resistance profile, infections are usually classified as community-acquired or nosocomial. Reports on patients without the classic criteria for nosocomial infection with multidrug-resistant germs are increasing. There is a particular concern regarding which microbiological profile must be addressed in case of infections in healthcare workers. This study was carried out with the purpose of identifying the prevalence of infection by multidrug-resistant germs in healthcare workers exposed to occupational contact with such germs at work. Methods: observational and retrospective study. In a 7-year period, healthcare worker hospitalizations were identified and the cultures results were assessed in order to identify the prevalence of infection by multidrug-resistant pathogens. Results: 1,487 healthcare workers hospitalizations were identified. In 105 of these hospitalizations, cultures were collected on the first 5 days after admission, and in 22 patients, 24 germs were identified. Multidrug-resistant pathogens were not found. Conclusion: in our sample, composed of workers from a tertiary public hospital who were hospitalized, none of the individuals presented MDR colonization or infection. These results suggest that when healthcare workers present infections, they must receive antibiotic therapy directed to community-acquired pathogens. In light of the limitations of this study, further larger and multicenter studies must be developed to enlighten such issue. .

Objetivo: conforme perfil epidemiológico e resistência antimicrobiana, as infecções costumam ser divididas entre comunitárias e nosocomiais. É crescente o relato de pacientes sem critérios clássicos para infecções nosocomiais com infecções por germes multirresistentes (GMR). Há particular preocupação perante qual perfil microbiológico deve ser coberto na presença de infecções em profissionais de saúde. Realizamos este trabalho com intuito de identificar a prevalência de infecção por GMR em profissionais de saúde expostos a contato laboral com tais germes. Métodos: estudo observacional, retrospectivo. Em um período de 7 anos, foram identificadas internações hospitalares de profissionais de saúde e aferidos resultados de culturas visando a identificar prevalência de infecção por GMR. Resultados: identificamos 1.487 internações de profissionais de saúde. Em 105 internações, foram solicitadas culturas nos primeiros 5 dias de internação. Em 22 internações, foram identificados 24 germes. Não houve isolamento de GMR. Conclusão: na amostra, composta por funcionários de um hospital público de nível terciário que apresentaram internação hospitalar, nenhum funcionário apresentou colonização ou infecção por GMR. O resultado sugere que trabalhadores da área de saúde, ao apresentar infecções, devem receber antibioticoterapia voltada para patógenos comunitários. Tendo em vista as limitações deste estudo, são necessários estudos maiores e multicêntricos para elucidar essa questão. .