Seafood consumption as a source of exposure to high production volume chemicals: A comparison between Catalonia and the Canary Islands.

Seafood plays an important role in diet because of its health benefits. However, the fact that chemical compounds such as high production volume chemicals may be present in seafood means that its consumption can be a potential risk for population. To assess the occurrence of HPVs and estimate the exposure and risk associated with their consumption, specimens of the most consumed seafood species in Catalonia and the Canary Islands, Spain, were collected and analysed. Results showed higher levels of HPVs in samples from Catalonia and a prevalence of phthalate esters and benzenesulfonamides over the other target compounds in samples from both locations. Multivariate analysis showed spatial differences between the mean concentration profiles of HPVs for the samples from Catalonia and the Canary Islands. Exposures were higher for the samples from Catalonia, although the intake of HPVs via seafood was not of any real concern in either of the locations.

Multiresidue Analysis of Organic UV Filters and UV Stabilizers in Fish of Common Consumption.

Fish species can bioaccumulate different pollutants present in the marine environments and incorporate them into the trophic chain. In this work, the occurrence of organic ultraviolet (UV) stabilizers and filters in different species of fishes of high consumption has been studied. A multiresidue method based on microwave-assisted extraction and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry detection was developed and then it was applied to nine fish species from markets in the Canary Islands and Catalonia (Spain). Three UV filters (BP-3, OC and BM-DBM) and two stabilizers (UV-328 and UV-329) were found in some of the studied species, in concentrations ranging between 0.067 and 0.683 µg g-1 dry weight (dw). BP-3 (UV filter) was the most frequently detected compound, followed by UV-329 (UV stabilizer). Thunnus thynnus was the most heavily polluted species, with a concentration of 1.201 µg g-1 dw as the sum of all measured compounds.

Activación del Código de Intoxicación Aguda Grave (CODITOX) desde la perspectiva hospitalaria / Hospital activation of the CODITOX protocol for severe acute poisoning

Objetivo: Los códigos de activación pretenden dar una asistencia continuada, coordinada y sin demoras, a pacientes con patologías tiempo-dependientes, como es el caso de los intoxicados (CODITOX). El objetivo del estudio es medir el grado de cumplimiento del CODITOX y comparar la evolución de los intoxicados en los que se ha activado y en los que no. Método: Estudio analítico con seguimiento retrospectivo y no intervencionista sobre la activación del CODITOX, realizada durante el año 2012. Se han comparado los intoxicados atendidos en el área de reanimación de urgencias en los que se había activado el CODITOX y en los que no. Resultados: Se han incluido 90 pacientes: en 12 se activó el CODITOX (grupo A), en 36 no se activó pero había criterios de activación (grupo B) y en 42 no había criterios de activación y no se activó (grupo C). En el grupo A se constató un 75% de complicaciones frente a un 28% del grupo B (p = 0,006). Ingresaron en UCI el 41,7% de los intoxicados del grupo A, frente al 25% del grupo B. Hubo un 4,4% de fallecimientos, sin diferencias entre los grupos. Aunque los intervalos puerta-carbón y puerta-antídoto fueron menores en el grupo A, las diferencias no fueron significativas y no afectaron al tiempo de estancia en el hospital. Conclusiones: El CODITOX no se activa en todos los pacientes con criterios de activación y, aunque el grupo CODITOX presenta más criterios de gravedad, no se han podido demostrar diferencias clínicas, terapéuticas o evolutivas entre los que se activa este código y los que no, excepto que el grupo CODITOX presentó más complicaciones (AU)

Background and objectives: Clinical care protocols, such as CODITOX for severe acute poisonings, attempt to codify and coordinate care processes to prevent delays in situations where timing is a key factor. This study aimed to measure the degree of adherence to CODITOX and compare patterns of activation of the protocol over time. Methods: Non interventional, retrospective, analytical study of CODITOX activations in 2012. We compared poisonings attended according to the CODITOX protocol to those attended without CODITOX activation in the emergency department’s resuscitation unit. Results. Out of 90 poisoning cases, 12 were attended following the CODITOX (group A). In 36 cases (group B), patients were not attended according to protocol even though they presented with criteria that should have activated it; in the remaining 42 cases, criteria for activating the protocol were not present and it was not used. Complications developed in 75% of group-A cases and 28% of group-B cases (P=.006). In group A, 41.7% of the patients were admitted to the intensive care unit (25% in group B); mortality was 4.4% and there were no significant between-group differences. The times between arrival and administration of charcoal and between arrival and administration of an antidote tended to be shorter in group A, but again the between-group differences were not statistically significant and did not affect duration of hospital stay. Conclusions: The CODITOX protocol is not used in all cases that meet the activation criteria. Although the cases treated according to protocol were more serious, no clinical, therapeutic, or outcome differences could be identified between patients treated or not treated according to the CODITOX. The protocol-treated patients developed more complications, however (AU)

[Hospital activation of the CODITOX protocol for severe acute poisoning]. / Activación del Código de Intoxicación Aguda Grave (CODITOX) desde la perspectiva hospitalaria.

OBJECTIVES: Clinical care protocols, such as CODITOX for severe acute poisonings, attempt to codify and coordinate care processes to prevent delays in situations where timing is a key factor. This study aimed to measure the degree of adherence to CODITOX and compare patterns of activation of the protocol over time. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Noninterventional, retrospective, analytical study of CODITOX activations in 2012. We compared poisonings attended according to the CODITOX protocol to those attended without CODITOX activation in the emergency department's resuscitation unit. RESULTS: Out of 90 poisoning cases, 12 were attended following the CODITOX (group A). In 36 cases (group B), patients were not attended according to protocol even though they presented with criteria that should have activated it; in the remaining 42 cases, criteria for activating the protocol were not present and it was not used. Complications developed in 75% of group-A cases and 28% of group-B cases (P=.006). In group A, 41.7% of the patients were admitted to the intensive care unit (25% in group B); mortality was 4.4% and there were no significant between-group differences. The times between arrival and administration of charcoal and between arrival and administration of an antidote tended to be shorter in group A, but again the between-group differences were not statistically significant and did not affect duration of hospital stay. CONCLUSION: The CODITOX protocol is not used in all cases that meet the activation criteria. Although the cases treated according to protocol were more serious, no clinical, therapeutic, or outcome differences could be identified between patients treated or not treated according to the CODITOX. The protocol-treated patients developed more complications, however.

OBJETIVO: Los códigos de activación pretenden dar una asistencia continuada, coordinada y sin demoras, a pacientes con patologías tiempo-dependientes, como es el caso de los intoxicados (CODITOX). El objetivo del estudio es medir el grado de cumplimiento del CODITOX y comparar la evolución de los intoxicados en los que se ha activado y en los que no. METODO: Estudio analítico con seguimiento retrospectivo y no intervencionista sobre la activación del CODITOX, realizada durante el año 2012. Se han comparado los intoxicados atendidos en el área de reanimación de urgencias en los que se había activado el CODITOX y en los que no. RESULTADOS: Se han incluido 90 pacientes: en 12 se activó el CODITOX (grupo A), en 36 no se activó pero había criterios de activación (grupo B) y en 42 no había criterios de activación y no se activó (grupo C). En el grupo A se constató un 75% de complicaciones frente a un 28% del grupo B (p = 0,006). Ingresaron en UCI el 41,7% de los intoxicados del grupo A, frente al 25% del grupo B. Hubo un 4,4% de fallecimientos, sin diferencias entre los grupos. Aunque los intervalos puerta-carbón y puerta-antídoto fueron menores en el grupo A, las diferencias no fueron significativas y no afectaron al tiempo de estancia en el hospital. CONCLUSIONES: El CODITOX no se activa en todos los pacientes con criterios de activación y, aunque el grupo CODITOX presenta más criterios de gravedad, no se han podido demostrar diferencias clínicas, terapéuticas o evolutivas entre los que se activa este código y los que no, excepto que el grupo CODITOX presentó más complicaciones.