Debate eleitoral simulado: uma nova estratégia metodológica de ensino-aprendizagem na saúde / Simulated Electoral Debate: a new methodoligical strategy for teaching-learning in health / Debate Electoral Simulado: una nueva estrategia metodológica de enseñanza-aprendizaje en salud

Introdução:As concepções emetodologias tradicionais vêm sendo substituídas por metodologias ativas de ensino-aprendizagem, visando uma formação que seja capaz de transformar o discente em um profissional crítico e reflexivo.Objetivo:Descrever uma nova estratégia metodológica de ensino-aprendizagem, nomeada Debate Eleitoral Simulado. Metodologia:Relato de experiência de uma disciplina obrigatória cursada em umPrograma de Pós-Graduação Stricto Sensu em Saúde Coletiva.Resultados:A metodologia do Debate Eleitoral Simuladoexige oengajamento e preparo do grupo moderador de debate. Além disso, exige também envolvimento ativo dos estudantes, pois difere de métodos de ensino tradicionais. O objetivo central foi, portanto, o desenvolvimento da autonomia e protagonismo dos estudantes, o estímulo à discussão e às argumentações pertinentes ao tema e o aprendizado consistente.Conclusões:A inovação do método de ensino incentivou a criatividade dos sujeitos na atividade, principalmente na construção de propostas e argumentos. Esse novo enfoque metodológico é dinâmico e interativo, dessa forma proporcionou uma aprendizagem consistente, efetiva e principalmente, significativa (AU).

Introduction:Traditional concepts and methodologies have been replaced by active teaching-learning methodologies, aiming at training that is capable of transforming students into critical and reflective professionals.Objective:To describe a new methodological teaching-learning strategy, named Simulated Electoral Debate.Methodology:experience report of a compulsory course taken in the Stricto Sensu Graduate Program in Public Health.Results:The Simulated Electoral Debatemethodology requires the engagement and preparation of the debate moderating group. In addition, it also requires active student involvement as it differs from traditional teaching methods. The central objective was, therefore, the development of students' autonomy and protagonism, the stimulation of discussion and argumentsrelevant on the theme and the consistent learning.Conclusions:The innovation of the teaching method encouraged the creativity of the subjects in the activity, especially in the construction of proposals and arguments. This new methodological approach isdynamic and interactive, thus providing consistent, effective and especially meaningful learning (AU).

Introducción: Los conceptos y metodologías tradicionales han sido reemplazados por metodologíasactivas de enseñanza-aprendizaje, buscando una formación capaz de transformar a los estudiantes en profesionales críticos y reflexivos. Objetivo: Describir una nueva estrategia metodológica de enseñanza-aprendizaje, denominada Debate Electoral Simulado. Metodología: informe de experiencia de un curso obligatorio realizado en el Programa de Posgrado Stricto Sensu en Salud Pública. Resultados: : La metodología Debate Electoral Simuladorequiere el compromiso y preparación del grupo moderador del debate. Además, también requiere la participación activa de los estudiantes, ya que difiere de los métodos de enseñanza tradicionales. El objetivo central era, por lo tanto, el desarrollo de la autonomía y el protagonismo de los estudiantes, el estímulo de la discusión y los argumentos pertinentes sobre el tema y el aprendizaje constante.Conclusiones: La innovación del método de enseñanza fomentó la creatividad de los sujetos en la actividad, especialmente en la construcción de propuestas y argumentos. Este nuevo enfoque metodológico es dinámico e interactivo, lo que proporciona un aprendizaje consistente, efectivo y especialmente significativo (AU).

Ansiedade e depressão e uso de substâncias psicoativas em jovens universitários / Anxiety and depression and psychoactive substance abuse in university students / Ansiedad y depresión y abuso de sustancias psicoactivas en estudiantes universitarios

OBJETIVO: identificar a frequência de ansiedade, depressão e uso de substâncias psicoativas em universitários. MÉTODO: estudo transversal. Os dados foram coletados utilizando a Escala Hospitalar de Ansiedade e Depressão e questões sobre o uso de substâncias psicoativas. RESULTADOS: foram entrevistados estudantes do primeiro ao sexto período de uma faculdade privada especializada em saúde no nordeste do Brasil. Foi utilizado um questionário sociodemográfico, para caracterizar a população e o uso de substâncias psicoativas, e a Escala Hospitalar de Ansiedade e Depressão. Participaram 116 estudantes e 51,72% responderam fazer uso de alguma substância psicoativa, principalmente do álcool. Sintomas de ansiedade estiveram presentes em 28,45% e de depressão em 16,38%. CONCLUSÃO: a pesquisa apresentou dados compatíveis com os de outros estudos com esse tipo de população, identificando maior frequência de uso de substâncias em estudantes com sintomas de ansiedade.

OBJECTIVE: to identify the frequency of anxiety, depression and use of psychoactive substances in university students. METHOD: cross-sectional study. Data were collected using the anxiety and depression hospital scale and questions on the use of psychoactive substances. RESULTS: students from the first to the six terms of a private college specialized in health care in the northeastern region in Brazil were interviewed. A sociodemographic questionnaire was used to characterize the population and the use of psychoactive substances, in addition to the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. One hundred and sixteen students participated, and 51.72 % reported using some psychoactive substance, especially alcohol. Anxiety symptoms were present in 28.45% of the participants and depression in 16.38%. CONCLUSION: the study showed data that were in agreement with those in other studies on this type of population, identifying a higher frequency of substance use by students with anxiety symptoms.

OBJETIVO: identificar la frecuencia de ansiedad, depresión y uso de sustancias psicoactivas en universitarios. MÉTODO: estudio transversal. Los datos se recopilaron a través de la Escala Hospitalaria de Ansiedad y Depresión y preguntas sobre el uso de sustancias psicoactivas. RESULTADOS: fueron entrevistados estudiantes del primero al sexto período de una facultad privada especializada en salud en el nordeste de Brasil. Se utilizó un cuestionario sociodemográfico para caracterizar la población y el uso de sustancias psicoactivas y la Escala hospitalaria de Ansiedad y Depresión. Participaron 116 estudiantes y el 51,72% respondió hacer uso de alguna sustancia psicoactiva, principalmente del alcohol. Los síntomas de ansiedad se presentaron en un 28,45% y la depresión en un 16,38%. CONCLUSIÓN: la investigación presentó datos compatibles con otros estudios con ese tipo de población, identificando mayor frecuencia de uso de sustancias en estudiantes con síntomas de ansiedad.

Characterisation of the diversity and physiology of cellobiose-fermenting yeasts isolated from rotting wood in Brazilian ecosystems.

We investigated the yeast species associated with rotting wood samples obtained from Brazilian ecosystems, with a special focus on cellobiose-fermenting species. About 647 yeast strains were isolated from rotting wood samples collected from the areas of Atlantic rainforest, Cerrado, and Amazonian forest. Eighty-six known species and 47 novel species of yeasts were isolated. Candida boidinii, Cyberlindnera subsufficiens, Meyerozyma guilliermondii, Schwanniomyces polymorphus, Candida natalensis, and Debaryomyces hansenii were the most frequently isolated species. Among the cellobiose-fermenting yeasts, 14 known and three novel yeast species were identified. Scheffersomyces queiroziae, Sc. amazonensis, Yamadazyma sp.1, Hanseniaspora opuntiae, C. jaroonii, and Candida tammaniensis were the main ethanol-producing yeasts. These species also produced an intracellular ß-glucosidase responsible for cellobiose hydrolysis. In fermentation assays using a culture medium containing 50 g L-1 cellobiose, ethanol production was observed in all cases; Sc. queiroziae and Sc. amazonensis showed the highest yield, efficiency, and productivity. Candida jaroonii and Yamadazyma sp.1 strains also showed high efficiency in cellobiose fermentation, while C. tammaniensis and H. opuntiae strains produced low amounts of ethanol. This study shows the potential of rotting wood samples from Brazilian ecosystems as a source of yeasts, including new species as well as those with promising biotechnological properties.

Increased vascular sympathetic modulation in mice with Mas receptor deficiency.

INTRODUCTION: The angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2)/angiotensin (Ang)-(1-7)/Mas axis could modulate the heart rate (HR) and blood pressure variabilities (BPV) which are important predictors of cardiovascular risk and provide information about the autonomic modulation of the cardiovascular system. Therefore we investigated the effect of Mas deficiency on autonomic modulation in wild type and Mas-knockout (KO) mice. METHODS: Blood pressure was recorded at high sample rate (4000 Hz). Stationary sequences of 200-250 beats were randomly chosen. Frequency domain analysis of HR and BPV was performed with an autoregressive algorithm on the pulse interval sequences and on respective systolic sequences. RESULTS: The KO group presented an increase of systolic arterial pressure (SAP; 127.26±11.20 vs 135.07±6.98 mmHg), BPV (3.54±1.54 vs 5.87±2.12 mmHg(2)), and low-frequency component of systolic BPV (0.12±0.11 vs 0.47±0.34 mmHg(2)). CONCLUSIONS: The deletion of Mas receptor is associated with an increase of SAP and with an increased BPV, indicating alterations in autonomic control. Increase of sympathetic vascular modulation in absence of Mas evidences the important role of Ang-(1-7)/Mas on cardiovascular regulation. Moreover, the absence of significant changes in HR and HRV can indicate an adaptation of autonomic cardiac balance. Our results suggest that the Ang-(1-7)/Mas axis seems more important in autonomic modulation of arterial pressure than HR.

Concepções de acadêmicos de enfermagemacerca da depressão e do cuidado ao pacientedeprimido / Concepts by nursing scholars about depression and care fordepressed patients

O transtorno depressivo é o transtorno mental mais comum e é considerado um grave problema de saúde pública. Acredita--se que o conhecimento acerca da depressão é de fundamental importância para o profissional de enfermagem, haja vistaseu papel no contato direto com o paciente, agindo como participante ativo na identificação e tratamento dos diversostranstornos mentais. Este estudo teve como objetivo conhecer as concepções sobre depressão dos acadêmicos do curso deEnfermagem da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Campus Cuité. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo sob a perspectivada abordagem qualitativa, realizado através da participação de discentes de enfermagem que responderam a um questionáriosemiestruturado versado sobre a temática da depressão. Os resultados foram analisados por meio da técnica da análisede conteúdo proposta por Bardin. Os resultados demonstraram que a maioria dos alunos julga seu conhecimento comobom ou regular e justificaram-se, sobretudo, na necessidade de aperfeiçoamento e falta de campo prático. Observou-setambém, que os participantes, apesar das respostas mostradas anteriormente, explanaram uma assistência de enfermagempertinente, holística e humanizada. Quanto à didática, os discentes apresentaram o método tradicional como preponderanteno ensino do distúrbio e propuseram que melhorias no ensino poderiam ser alcançadas com o uso de metodologias ativase articulação da teoria com a prática.

Depressive disorder is the most common mental disorder and it is considered a serious public health problem. It is believedthat knowledge about depression has a fundamental importance for professional nurses, given their role implies adirect contact with patienst, acting as an active participant in the identification and treatment of various mental disorders.This study aimed to identify the concepts about depression of academics of an undergraduate nursing course at FederalUniversity of Campina Grande, Campus Cuité, Paraíba. This is a descriptive study under the perspective of a qualitative approach,carried out through the participation of nursing students who responded to a semi-structured questionnaire versedon the subject of depression. The results were analyzed by means of the technique of content analysis proposed by Bardin.The results showed that most students judge their knowledge as good or regular and they gave justified it in particular bymeans of the need for improvement and lack of practical field work. It is also noted that participants, despite the responsesshown previously, have also shown in their answers an important, holistic and humane conception of nursing care. As fordidactics, the students presented the traditional method as preponderant in teaching about the disorder and proposed thatimprovements in education could be achieved with the use of active methodologies and articulation of theory with practice.

Preparation of spiro[4.4]oxaphospholene and -azaphospholene systems from carbohydrate templates.

Introduction of a spiro-phosphorus cycle in position 3 of monosaccharidic derivatives was studied starting from cyanohydrin or aminonitrile A. A two-step procedure involving (i) phosphonylation and (ii) carbanion-mediated phosphonate intramolecular cyclization (denoted CPIC) was used. The necessity of having an electron-withdrawing group α to the phosphorus atom in order to avoid undesired reactions was demonstrated.

Colesteatoma: utilidade da sequência de difusão sem echo-planar / Cholesteatoma: utility of non-echo-planar diffusion-weighted imaging

Colesteatomas são lesões císticas congênitas ou adquiridas que acometem as orelhas e que podem apresentar padrões típicos aos estudos de tomografia computadorizada, em função de suas características expansivas e tendência a promover erosão óssea. Entretanto, particularmente nos casos de resíduo ou recorrência pós-cirúrgica, a distinção entre colesteatoma e tecido inflamatório pode ser bastante difícil e, não raro, impossível com base somente nos achados tomográficos. A avaliação por ressonância magnética pode ser útil, particularmente neste contexto, uma vez que as sequências pós-contraste obtidas tardiamente e a difusão podem demonstrar padrões distintos nestas duas situações. Os artefatos condicionados pela interface ar/osso na região das mastoides podem limitar bastante a utilização da sequência de difusão echo-planar. A sequência de difusão sem echo-planar é uma alternativa na solução deste problema por estar menos sujeita a este tipo de artefato, fornecendo ainda imagens com maior resolução espacial e com espessuras de corte mais finas, as quais permitem a detecção de colesteatomas de pequenas dimensões.

Cholesteatomas are cystic lesions which may be either congenital or acquired, affecting the ears and presenting typical imaging patterns at computed tomography because of its expansile nature and tendency to erode bone. However, particularly in cases of lesion residue or recurrence after surgery, the distinction between cholesteatoma and inflammatory tissue based solely on computed tomography findings may be quite difficult, if not impossible. Magnetic resonance imaging might be very useful, particularly in such a context, since delayed postcontrast and diffusion-weighted images can demonstrate different imaging patterns in these two situations. Artifacts related to air-bone interface in the mastoid region may represent a relevant limitation to the utilization of echo-planar diffusion-weighted imaging. Non-echo-planar diffusion‑weighted imaging represents an alternative to resolve this problem, once this method is less subject to this type of artifact, besides offering images with higher spatial resolution and thinner slice thickness, allowing the detection of small-sized cholesteatomas.

Interposição de fragmento periosteal na fratura da placa epifisária femoral distal: estudo por ressonância magnética / Trapped periosteum in a distal femoral physeal injury: magnetic resonance imaging evaluation

Epiphyseal fractures are frequently associated with knee trauma during sports in children and adolescents. Usually, Salter-Harris types I and II fractures are conservatively treated. However, failed closed reduction of displaced fractures suggest the presence of trapped periosteum, with indication for surgery. The present report describes a case of Salter-Harris type I fracture of the distal femur in a child, complicated with trapped periosteum detected at magnetic resonance imaging.

Fraturas epifisárias são frequentemente relacionadas a traumatismo do joelho durante práticas esportivas em crianças e adolescentes. Fraturas Salter-Harris tipos I e II são tratadas conservadoramente, no entanto, quando irredutíveis, sugerem interposição de fragmento periosteal, sendo indicada cirurgia. Este trabalho relata fratura epifisária Salter-Harris tipo I do fêmur distal de uma criança, com interposição de periósteo detectado no exame de ressonância magnética.

Soluções estéticas para alterações da odontogênese

As alterações na Odontogênese podem manifestar-se clinicamente de diversas formas e, pela varideade de alterações, muitas vezes são de difícil diagnóstico. O trabalho tem como objetivo realizar uma revisão de literatura sobre três alterações que geralmente causam bastante confusão entre os profissionais, que são a Amelogênese Imperfeita e a Dentinogênese Imperfeita que tem caráter hereditário e acometem todos os dentes, em ambas as dentições. Além desssa, também aborda as Hipoplasias de esmalte, qie podem ocorrer por fatores locais ou sistêmicos e afetar um ou mais dentes...

Atendimento à criança e às mães: investigação do óbito evitável em menores de cinco anos / Care of children and mothers: research on preventable deaths in children under five years / Servicio a los niños y madres: investigación del muerte evitable en menores de cinco años

Avaliar o atendimento à criança e às mães nas unidades básicas a partir da investigação dos óbitos em menores de cinco anos ocorridos em 2008. Estudo avaliativo, 41 óbitos, em Maringá, Paraná, sendo 90,2 por cento evitáveis, 38,5 por cento gestantes tiveram sua primeira consulta de pré-natal no primeiro trimestre; 50,0 por cento realizaram acima de seis consultas; 73,1 por cento foram avaliadas quanto ao risco gestacional; 34,6 por cento prontuários tinham registro de informações sobre exames laboratoriais de pré-natal; 50,0 por cento nascimentos ocorreram por parto cesárea. Em 87,5 por cento prontuários constavam registros de acompanhamento de crescimento da criança e avaliação do risco do recém-nascido; nenhum possuía registros de desenvolvimento neuromotor; 50,0 por cento apresentavam registros completos de vacinação; 75,0 por cento receberam visita domiciliar da equipe saúde da família. Todas as crianças de baixo risco realizaram três consultas médicas, apenas um recém nascido de alto risco atingiu sete consultas médicas. Conclui-se que existem falhas de registros dos profissionais quanto ao pré-natal, bem como na qualidade do acompanhamento de crianças consideradas de risco.

This study aims to evaluate the treatment of children and mothers in basic health units based on the investigation of deaths in children under five years. This is an evaluative study, that analyzed 41 deaths ocurred in 2008 in the city of Maringá, state of Paraná, Brasil. 90.2 percent of these deaths were preventable. 38.5 percent of the pregnant women had their first prenatal consultation in the first quarter of pregnancy. 50.0 percent had more than six consultations. 73.1 percent were assessed for risk pregnancy. 34.6 percent of chart records had information on prenatal laboratory tests. 50.0 percent of births occurred by cesarean section. 87.5 percent of charts contained records of child growth monitoring and risk assessment of newborns. None had records of neuromotor development. 50.0 percent had complete vaccination records. 75.0 percent received home visits from a family healthcare team. All children at low risk had three visits to doctors. Only one high-risk newborn reached seven medical consultations. The conclusion is that there are failures in the professional records of prenatal care, as well as in the quality of monitoring of children considered at risk.

Evaluar tratamiento de niños menores de cinco años y madres en las unidades básicas. Estudio de evaluación, 41 muertes en 2008, Maringá, Paraná, Brasil, 90,2 por ciento evitable, 38,5 por ciento de las mujeres tuvieron su primera consulta prenatal en el primer trimestre, 50,0 por ciento tenían más de seis consultas, 73,1 por ciento fueron evaluados para riesgo de las mujeres, 34,6 por ciento tenían antecedentes tabla de información sobre las pruebas de laboratorio del prenatal, 50,0 por ciento de los nacimientos fueron cesárea; 87,5 por ciento figuran los registros de vigilancia del crecimiento infantil y la evaluación de riesgos de los recién nacidos, no tenían antecedentes de desarrollo neuromotor, 50.0 por ciento tenían registro completo de vacunación, 75,0 por ciento recibieron visitas a domicilio. Los niños con bajo riesgo tuvieron tres consultas médicas, un recién nacido de alto riesgo llegó a siete consultas. Se concluye que hay fallas de los registros de los profesionales con respecto al prenatal, así como la calidad de la supervisión de los niños considerados en situación de riesgo.

Synthesis and in vitro activity of novel N-3 acylated TSAO-T compounds against HIV-1 and HCV.

Preparation of a small library of derivatives of the potent HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase inhibitor TSAO-T bearing mono or di-carbonyl substituents (designed after docking analysis) at position N-3 is reported. A one-pot synthetic methodology has been developed that involves: (i) mono-reaction of TSAO-T with glutaryl dichloride under phase transfer conditions and (ii) in situ acyclic substitution of the remaining chloro atom by oxygen or nitrogen nucleophiles. The method is compatible with the polyfunctionality of the TSAO-T molecule, proceeds with high conversion yields and allows introducing molecular diversity. The anti-HIV-1 and -HCV activity was studied in cell culture. The new N-3 acylated TSAO-T derivatives are active against HIV-1 (nanomolar range). Anti-HCV activity was observed in the micromolar range, that is at compound concentrations that were found cytostatic against human T-lymphocytes.

Is it possible to do a microvascular anastomosis with an ordinary video camera? Experimental study.

An alternative method of magnification for microvascular anastomosis was analyzed using an ordinary video camera and compared with the traditional method under microscope. For this study 20 rats were divided in two groups of 10 each: control group (microscope-assisted [M]) and experimental group (video-assisted [V]). Magnification was accomplished by a surgical microscope in group M, whereas a video system composed of low-cost camera, audiovisual cable, and analogue television in group V. In both groups, the right femoral artery was severed and sutured with interrupted simple stitches. The criteria examined were: patency, vessel diameter, amount of sutures, anastomosis time, and histologic features. There were no differences between both groups in patency rate and vessel diameter. The video-assisted microanastomosis is a time-consuming procedure as compared with the microscope-assisted anastomosis, to a certain extent due to lack of stereoscopic image and technical inability with the video system as well. There was a smaller quantity of sutures in group V. Higher foreign body tissue reaction was found in group M, consequent to greater amount of suture material. In conclusion, video-assisted microanastomosis is possible with the present video system but is not as safe as conventional microanastomosis.

[Care of children and mothers: research on preventable deaths in children under five years]. / Atendimento à criança e às mães: investigação do óbito evitável em menores de cinco anos.

This study aims to evaluate the treatment of children and mothers in basic health units based on the investigation of deaths in children under five years. This is an evaluative study, that analyzed 41 deaths ocurred in 2008 in the city of Maringá, state of Paraná, Brasil. 90.2% of these deaths were preventable. 38.5% of the pregnant women had theirfirst prenatal consultation in the first quarter of pregnancy. 50.0% had more than six consultations. 73.1% were assessed for risk pregnancy. 34.6% of chart records had information on prenatal laboratory tests. 50.0% of births occurred by cesarean section. 87.5% of charts contained records of child growth monitoring and risk assessment of newborns. None had records of neuromotor development. 50.0% had complete vaccination records. 75.0% received home visits from a family healthcare team. All children at low risk had three visits to doctors. Only one high-risk newborn reached seven medical consultations. The conclusion is that there are failures in the professional records of prenatal care, as well as in the quality of monitoring of children considered at risk.

Cleft lip and palate associated with other malformations in a neotropical primate (Saimiri ustus).

Cleft lip (with or without cleft palate) has been documented in several species of nonhuman primates, which in general are susceptible at similar doses and stages of gestation to the same teratogens as humans. Cleft lip can be unilateral or bilateral, isolated, syndromic, familial, or genetic. Here we report the first case of syndromic cleft lip and palate in a male bare-eared squirrel monkey (Saimiri ustus). Associated with the orofacial clefts, the monkey manifested absence of bones, malformation of vertebrae L3, only 4 fingers in each hand, and shortening of tendons leading to inflection of the hands and fingers. Previous reports describing cleft lip and palate in other squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus) in other breeding units have suggested consanguineous mating as a possible cause. Although the etiology in the case we present is unknown, we discuss factors associated with orofacial clefts in humans and various nonhuman primates.

Altered cardiovascular reflexes responses in conscious Angiotensin-(1-7) receptor Mas-knockout mice.

This study evaluated the physiological importance of Angiotensin-(1-7) receptor Mas on reflex control of circulation. Experiments were performed in male Mas-knockout (Mas-KO) and Wild Type (WT) conscious mice (12-20 wk of age). Baroreceptor reflex was evaluated by the bradycardic response induced by phenylephrine (0.25 µg/5 µl, i.v.). Bezold-Jarisch reflex was evaluated by phenylbiguanide (0.5 µg/5 µl, i.v.) and chemoreflex by potassium cyanide (2.5 µg/5 µl, i.v.). Baseline mean arterial pressure was higher in Mas-KO (n=14) as compared with WT mice (n=18) (118±1 mmHg vs. 109±2 mmHg); however, heart rate was similar in both strains (615±30 bpm vs. 648±13 bpm). Baroreflex bradycardia was lower (0.78±0.44 ms/mmHg vs. 1.30±0.14 ms/mmHg) in Mas-KO compared with WT mice. The depressor (-17±5 mmHg vs. -45±6 mmHg) and bradycardic (-212±36 bpm vs. -391±29 bpm) components of the Bezold-Jarisch reflex were also lower in Mas-KO mice. In addition, chemoreflex pressor response (+20±3 mmHg vs. +12±0.8 mmHg) and bradycardic response (-250±74 bpm vs. -52±26 bpm) were significantly higher in Mas-KO. These results further advances previous studies by showing that the lack of Mas receptor induced important imbalance in the neural control of blood pressure, altering not only the baroreflex but also the chemo- and Bezold-Jarisch reflexes.

Avaliação por imagem da paralisia de pregas vocais / Imaging evaluation of vocal cord paralysis

Paralisia das pregas vocais é causa frequente de rouquidão, podendo ser secundária a várias lesões ao longo do trajeto do X par craniano e seus ramos, particularmente os nervos laríngeos recorrentes. Apesar de grande parte dos casos ser idiopática, os métodos de imagem são muito importantes na pesquisa de fatores etiológicos, tais como lesões neoplásicas da tireoide e esôfago com invasão secundária dos nervos laríngeos recorrentes. Além destas, outras anormalidades como aneurismas do arco aórtico e da artéria subclávia direita podem ser encontradas. É fundamental que o radiologista conheça a anatomia pertinente a esta região e as principais afecções que podem ocorrer, para que o estudo seja corretamente planejado, auxiliando o diagnóstico e o planejamento terapêutico. Além disso, como até 35 por cento dos casos de paralisia da prega vocal são assintomáticos, o conhecimento dos sinais radiológicos que indicam esta condição é indispensável, cabendo ao radiologista alertar o médico assistente sobre os achados do exame. Neste trabalho realizamos uma revisão da anatomia e das principais doenças responsáveis pela paralisia de cordas vocais, demonstrando-as por meio de estudos de tomografia computadorizada e ressonância magnética de casos típicos. Mostramos, também, as alterações radiológicas próprias da laringe que indicam a presença de paralisia das pregas vocais.

Vocal cord paralysis is a common cause of hoarseness. It may be secondary to many types of lesions along the cranial nerve X pathway and its branches, particularly the laryngeal recurrent nerves. Despite the idiopathic nature of a great number of cases, imaging methods play a very significant role in the investigation of etiologic factors, such as thyroid and esophagus neoplasias with secondary invasion of the laryngeal recurrent nerves. Other conditions such as aortic and right subclavian artery aneurysms also may be found. The knowledge of local anatomy and related diseases is of great importance for the radiologist, so that he can tailor the examination properly to allow an appropriate diagnosis and therapy planning. Additionally, considering that up to 35 percent of patients with vocal cord paralysis are asymptomatic, the recognition of radiological findings indicative of this condition is essential for the radiologist who must warn the referring physician on the imaging findings. In the present study, the authors review the anatomy and main diseases related to vocal cord paralysis, demonstrating them through typical cases evaluated by computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, besides describing radiological findings of laryngeal abnormalities indicative of this condition.

Chondrosarcoma of the mandible: case report and literature review.

Chondrosarcoma is a malignant cartilaginous tumor that rarely occurs in the maxillofacial bones. A 44-year-old woman complained about swelling and mild pain during mastication in the right parasymphysis region. Clinical and radiographic examinations revealed characteristics of osteosarcoma. A microscopic examination revealed an abundant proliferation of malignant neoplastic cartilage cells of varying sizes arranged as immature tissue and the absence of an osteoid matrix. This article presents a case of chondrosarcoma of the jaw and discusses the differences between osteosarcoma and chondrosarcoma.

Intrusive luxation of primary teeth.

Traumatic injuries caused by intrusion account for 4-22% of the damage in anterior primary teeth and are generally related to axial impact. They are more frequent in children aged 1-3 years because of the additional high resilience and flexibility of the primary teeth supporting structures. The treatment decision will depend on the magnitude of the trauma and on the displacement position. In most cases, radicular displacement occurs towards the labial bone plate. The clinical decision of spontaneous re-eruption and observation were adopted. This study aims at presenting a literature review illustrated with two case reports of patients having intrusive luxation injuries of the primary incisors.

Endothelial dysfunction and elevated blood pressure in MAS gene-deleted mice.

Mas codes for a G protein-coupled receptor that is implicated in angiotensin-(1-7) signaling. We studied the cardiovascular phenotype of Mas-deficient mice backcrossed onto the FVB/N genetic background using telemetry and found that they exhibit higher blood pressures compared with controls. These Mas(-/-) mice also had impaired endothelial function, decreased NO production, and lower endothelial NO synthase expression. Reduced nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase catalytic subunit gp91(phox) protein content determined by Western blotting was higher in Mas(-/-) mice than in controls, whereas superoxide dismutase and catalase activities were reduced. The superoxide dismutase mimetic, Tempol, decreased blood pressure in Mas(-/-) mice but had a minimal effect in control mice. Our results show a major cardiovascular phenotype in Mas(-/-) mice. Mas-deletion results in increased blood pressure, endothelial dysfunction, and an imbalance between NO and reactive oxygen species. Our animals represent a promising model to study angiotensin-(1-7)-mediated cardiovascular effects and to evaluate Mas agonistic compounds as novel cardioprotective and antihypertensive agents based on their beneficial effects on endothelial function.

Abrasão a ar - uma tecnologia que ressurge / Air abrasion - a technology reborn

O objetivo deste estudo foi apresentar uma revisão de literatura sobre a técnica de abrasão a ar, desde as primeiras evidências de utilização em Odontologia até o momento atual