Plasmocitoma extramedular de canal auditivo externo: caso clínico / Extramedullary plasmacytoma of external auditory canal: a case report

Resumen El plasmocitoma extramedular es una neoplasia de células plasmáticas poco frecuente, que se ubica en 80% a 90% de los casos en la cabeza o cuello. Esta neoplasia representa menos del 1% de toda la patología maligna de cabeza y cuello. Dada la poca frecuencia de la patología y la escasez de casos publicados, esta entidad presenta una gran dificultad clínica y terapéutica. El diagnóstico se basa en el análisis histológico con inmunohistoquímica de la muestra obtenida, y el tratamiento varía según la ubicación, donde se puede realizar radioterapia o cirugía. En este artículo presentamos el caso de una paciente de 56 años, con antecedentes de otorrea de larga data en oído derecho, al examen físico presentaba un tumor que obstruía todo el conducto auditivo externo. Se realizó exéresis tumoral y la biopsia evidenció un plasmocitoma.

Abstract Extramedullary plasmacytoma is a rare plasma cell neoplasm, affecting 80% to 90% of the head or neck. This neoplasm represents less than 1% of all malignant head and neck pathology. Given the infrequency of the pathology and the scarcity of published cases, this entity presents great clinical and therapeutic difficulty. Diagnosis is based on histology and immunohistochemistry and treatment varies depending on the location, where radiation therapy or surgery can be performed. In this article, we present the case of a 56-year-old patient with a history of long-standing otorrhea in the right ear. Physical examination presented a tumor that obstructed the entire external auditory canal. Tumor excision was performed, and the biopsy revealed a plasmacytoma.

Angiomiolipoma nasal: reporte de dos casos y revisión de la literatura

Resumen El angiomiolipoma es una lesión hamartomatosa, habitualmente de localización renal asociado a esclerosis tuberosa. La ubicación nasosinusal es extremadamente infrecuente y se puede presentar con obstrucción nasal y epistaxis. Se presentan dos casos de angiomiolipoma de cavidad nasal diagnosticados en el Hospital Carlos Van Buren de Valparaíso. Ambos casos se presentaron como masa nasal unilateral, se estudiaron con tomografía computada y fueron tratados con biopsia escisional, sin presentar recidivas durante su seguimiento. El anigiomiolipoma está compuesto por vasos sanguíneos, músculo liso y adipocitos. Existen diferencias entre el angiomiolipoma del riñón versus el de piel, cavidad oral y nasal (angiomiolipomas mucocutáneos); estos últimos son extremadamente infrecuentes, de menor tamaño, con presencia de agregados linfoides, negativos para antígeno específico de melanoma HMB-45 y sin asociación a esclerosis tuberosa. Existen pocos casos reportados en la literatura de esta patología, por lo que existe poca evidencia. Clínicamente, se presentan con obstrucción nasal, epistaxis recurrente, sensación de masa nasal. El estudio preoperatorio depende de su extensión y puede incluir una tomografía computada y/o angiografía para identificar su irrigación. El diagnóstico definitivo es anatomopatológico. Si se logra la escisión completa, no se han reportado recidivas, por lo que presenta un excelente pronóstico.

Abstract Angiomyolipoma is a hamartomatous lesion, usually of a renal location associated with tuberous sclerosis. Nasosinusal location is extremely rare and can present with nasal obstruction and epistaxis. Two cases of angiomyolipoma of the nasal cavity diagnosed at the Carlos Van Buren Hospital in Valparaíso are presented. Both cases presented as a unilateral nasal mass, and were studied with computed tomography, and treated with an excisional biopsy, with no recurrences during follow-up. Anigiomyolipoma is composed of blood vessels, smooth muscle and adipocytes. There are differences between angiomyolipoma of the kidney versus skin, oral and nasal cavity (mucocutaneous angiomyolipomas). The latter are extremely infrequent, smaller in size, with the presence of lymphoid aggregates, negative for the HMB-45 specific melanoma antigen and without association with tuberous sclerosis. There are few cases reported in the literature of this pathology, so there is little evidence. Clinically, they present with nasal obstruction, recurrent epistaxis, sensation of nasal mass. The preoperative study depends on its extension and may include a computed tomography and/or angiography to identify its irrigation. The definitive diagnosis is pathological. If complete excision is achieved, no recurrences have been reported, so it has an excellent prognosis.

Rationale, design and methodology of TESEO study: a registry of thrombosis and neoplasia of SEOM (Spanish Society of Medical Oncology).

BACKGROUND AND RATIONALE: Thromboembolic complications are a serious, preventable and common event in cancer patients that contributes to increasing morbidity and mortality. Despite increasing knowledge on cancer-associated thrombosis (CAT), there are still several aspects of diagnosis, clinical management, treatment and prognosis with uncertainties that are under-represented in randomized clinical trials. For this reason, the Spanish Society of Medical Oncology (SEOM) launched in June 2018 a registry of CAT. METHODS/DESIGN: TESEO is an ongoing prospective, non-interventional, multicentric study in consecutive cancer patients with newly diagnosed of thromboembolic event (TEE). Eligibility criteria include being > 18 years with a histologically confirmed diagnosis of cancer and a symptomatic or incidental TEE confirmed with an imaging technique in the previous month or any time after the cancer diagnosis and signing of informed consent. The study consists of two types of integrated but independent prospective registries. Regular CAT sub-registry includes information on patient's cancer´s characteristics, anticoagulant treatment provided and outcome data. Special CAT sub-registry includes variables related to special situations of CAT that comprise patients with severe kidney failure, thrombocytopenia, high risk of bleeding related to the cancer or with coexistence of bleeding and patients who receive new treatments such a targeted therapy, antiangiogenics agents and immunotherapy. The registry considers the status of the cancer and the time to assess how the prognosis is changed based on when the thrombus occurs. Some outcomes such as rethrombosis, major bleeding, tumor progression and survival will be valued in various time intervals including 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after the even in the first year; and then every 6 months until the patient's death. RESULTS: After 18 months and with 35 centers and researchers, the registry has 1128 patients. CONCLUSION: TESEO registry will provide clinical real-world evidence for prevention, treatment and complications of CAT in different scenarios that are under-represented in randomized clinical trials.

caso clínico: basofilia y eosinofilia asociada a parasitosis por echinococcus granulosus en pediatría

El leucograma, es uno de los estudios de rutina más solicitados en el laboratorio, la desviación de los valores de las diferentes subpoblaciones leucocitarias respecto al intervalo de referencia contribuye a la orientación sobre la posible etiología de un estado de enfermedad. El hallazgo de eosinofilia y/o basofilia absolutas, debe ser estudiado para conocer la causa subyacente. En el curso de una parasitosis, puede ser el único signo anormal o formar parte del cuadro clínico-biológico del paciente. Se presenta el caso de un niño de 4 años que cursa con una parasitosis por Echinococcus granulosus

The leukogram is one of the most requested routine studies in the laboratory; the deviation of the values of the different leukocyte subpopulations from the reference interval contributes to the orientation on the possible etiology of a disease state. The finding of absolute eosinophilia and/or basophilia must be studied to know the underlying cause. In the course of parasitosis, it may be the only abnormal sign or form part of the patient's clinical-biological state. The case of a 4-yearold boy with an Echinococcus granulosus parasite is presented

Carcinoma papilar de tiroides no captante de radioyodo (I131): a propósito de un caso / Papillary thyroid carcinoma not collecting radioiodine (I131): presentation of a case

RESUMEN El carcinoma papilar de tiroides (CPT) corresponde a una neoplasia frecuente en el mundo y en nuestro país. Generalmente se asocia a buen pronóstico y altas tasas de sobrevida, gracias a características propias del tumor, precisas herramientas diagnósticas y terapias eficaces. Formas infrecuentes de CPT suelen tener comportamientos más agresivos y respuestas parciales a tratamientos habituales, tales como el CPT no captante de radioyodo (5% de los casos). Poca literatura existe respecto a este último y a su manejo. Diversas opciones de tratamiento han sido propuestas, según si hay evidencia de tejido tumoral, como el uso empírico de I131, cirugía, radioterapia, embolización e inhibidores de tirosina kinasa, sin embargo, sigue habiendo una respuesta incierta.

ABSTRACT Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is a common cancer in the world and in our country. It is usually associated with good prognosis and high survival rates, due to the tumor's characteristics, precise diagnostic tools and effective therapies. Unusual varieties of PTC have more aggressive behaviors and partial responses to usual treatments, such as negative uptake to radioiodine PTC (5% of cases). There is few literature about this variety and its treatment. Diverse treatment options have been proposed, according to whether there is evidence of tumor tissue, such as the empirical use of I131, surgery, radiotherapy, embolization and inhibitors of thyrosine kinase, however an uncertain response remains.

Telangiectasia hemorrágica hereditaria: a propósito de un caso clínico / Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia: on the subject of a clinical case

La epistaxis, es un síntoma frecuente en la consulta de otorrinolaringología. Dentro de las causas posibles encontramos la telangiectasia hemorrágica hereditaria (síndrome de Rendu Osler Weber), que corresponde a un desorden autosómico dominante caracterizado por sangrados nasales y gastrointestinales asociados a malformaciones arteriovenosas sistémicas. Su manifestación más frecuente es la epistaxis, presentándose más frecuentemente en personas mayores de 40 años, sin predilección por género. Se presenta el caso de un paciente de sexo masculino de 46 años quien consulta por epistaxis a repetición y severa. Durante la hospitalización se efectúa el tratamiento convencional de la epistaxis, diagnóstico retroactivo del síndrome de Rendu Osler Weber y manejo multidisciplinario de la patología. Se realiza revisión de la literatura y discusión del manejo del paciente que cursa con esta enfermedad.

Epistaxis is a common symptom in the otorhinolaryngology consultation. Among the possible causes are hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (Rendu Osler Weber syndrome), which corresponds to an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by nasal and gastrointestinal bleeding associated with systemic arteriovenous malformations. Its most frequent manifestation is epistaxis, presenting more frequently in people over 40 years of age, without gender preference. We present the case of a male patient of 46 years old who consults for recurrence and severe epistaxis. During hospitalization, conventional treatment of epistaxis, retroactive diagnosis of Rendu Osler Weber syndrome and multidisciplinary management of pathology are performed. We review the literature and discuss the management of patients with this disease.

Carcinoma familiar de tiroides no medular: reporte de un caso clínico y revisión de la literatura / Familial non medullary thyroid carcinoma: report of a case and literature review

El carcinoma tiroideo familiar no medular (CFTNM) representa aproximadamente entre el 3,2% y 9,6% de todos los cánceres de tiroides, y se define por la presencia de cáncer diferenciado de tiroides en 2 o más familiares, en ausencia de otros síndromes familiares conocidos o exposición a radiación. Si bien su fisiopatología es aún incierta, algunos investigadores postulan un patrón de herencia dominante con penetrancia incompleta, no habiendo aún un gen específico responsable. Esta entidad suele presentarse a una menor edad y con características más agresivas que en su forma esporádica. Dado el interés por conocer la presentación de esta enfermedad y las recomendaciones para su manejo, se presenta el caso de una paciente diagnosticada con cáncer papilar de tiroides con el antecedente de 4 familiares con la misma patología. Actualmente el tamizaje mediante ecografía cervical y biopsia por punción aspiración con aguja fina de los nódulos tiroideos es el examen de elección ante la presencia del antecedente de CFTNM, ya que aún no hay estudios genéticos disponibles. La tiroidectomía total más disección ganglionar es el tratamiento de elección. Debido al comportamiento más agresivo y peor pronóstico del CFTNM, es necesaria un alto índice de sospecha y una investigación completa en la presencia de un componente familiar.

The non-familial medullary thyroid carcinoma (FNMTC) represents approximately between 3.2 and 9.6% of all thyroid cancers, and is defined by the presence of differentiated thyroid cancer in 2 or more families in the absence of other known familial syndromes or radiation exposure. Although the pathophysiology is still uncertain, some investigators posit a dominant pattern of inheritance with incomplete penetrance, but still there is no specific gene responsible. It occurs at a younger age and with more aggressive characteristics than the sporadic form. Because of the interest in learning about the presentation of this disease and its recommendations, we present the case of a patient diagnosed with papillary thyroid cancer with a history of 4 family with the same pathology. Actually cervical screening by ultrasound and the fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) of thyroid nodules is the examination of choice in the presence of a history of FNMTC, since no genetic studies yet available. Total thyroidectomy with lymph node dissection is the treatment of choice. Because the more aggressive behavior and poor prognosis of FNMTC, a high index of suspicion and a full investigation is required in the presence of a familial component.

Plasmocitoma extramedular del tabique nasal: reporte de un caso y revisión bibliográfica / Extramedullary plasmacytoma nasal septum: case report and literature review

Los plasmocitomas son tumores malignos caracterizados por proliferación anormal de células plasmáticas monoclonales. Éstos pueden originarse tanto en hueso como en tejidos blandos, denominados plasmocitomas óseos solitarios y plasmocitomas extra-medulares (PEM), respectivamente. Estos últimos representan menos del 1% de toda la patología maligna de cabeza y cuello, sin embargo, el reporte de estos casos resulta provechoso frente a la poca casuística al respecto. Presentamos el caso de plasmocitoma extramedular del septo nasal en un varón de 74 años con dificultad respiratoria nasal progresiva y frecuente epistaxis del lado izquierdo. A la especuloscopía nasal se observó en el vestíbulo una elevación tumoral de superficie lisa, grisácea, sésil. La biopsia mostró que era un plasmocitoma. Estudios posteriores descartaron la presencia de mieloma múltiple. Esto confirmó el diagnóstico de PEM. La masa fue completamente disecada, se indicó radioterapia y el paciente no tuvo adherencia al tratamiento. Sobre el mismo lecho al año siguiente reaparece lesión de similares características. Conclusión: Plasmocitoma extramedular del tabique nasal es una entidad rara, de una larga historia natural y que representa un desafío diagnóstico y terapéutico. Dependiendo de la resecabilidad de la lesión, la terapia combinada mediante cirugía y radioterapia es el tratamiento de elección.

Plasmacytomas are malignant tumors characterized by abnormal proliferation of monoclonal plasma cells. They may originate in bone and soft tissue , called solitary bone plasmacytoma and extramedullary plasmacytomas (EMP) respectively. The latter represents less than 1% of all malignant disease of the head and neck, however, the report of these cases it is useful to cope with the shallow casuistics thereon. We report a case of EMP of the nasal septum in a man of 74 years with progressive nasal breathing difficulties and frequent epistaxis on the left side. A nasal speculoscopy was observed in tumor lift lobby smooth, gray, sessile surface. The biopsy showed it was a plasmacytoma. Subsequent studies reject the presence of multiple myeloma. This confirmed the diagnosis of EMP. The mass was completely dissected, radiation therapy is indicated and the patient had no adherence. Upon the same place a similar injury returns. Conclusion: Septum extramedullary plasmacytoma is a rare entity of a long natural history and represents a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. Depending on the resectability of the lesion, combination therapy with surgery and radiation therapy is the treatment of choice.

Evaluación del grado de control del asma en un centro de atención primaria: un estudio descriptivo / Assessment of the degree of asthma control in a primary care center

Achieve a good clinical control by reducing symptoms and management of modifiable risk factors for exacerbations is the main goal of asthma treatment. Our objective was to assess the degree of clinical control and the presence of modifiable risk factors of exacerbations in asthmatic patients controlled in primary care. Data were extracted from clinical records of asthmatics attending their scheduled visit between November 2014 and June 2015. In each visit the Asthma Control Test was performed. 236 visits (183 patients) were analyzed. 10% had totally controlled asthma, 34% partially controlled and 56% uncontrolled. The worst clinical control was significantly associated with greater use of health resources. 92% had modifiable risk factors of exacerbation, mainly obesity and active smoking.

Lograr un buen control clínico mediante la disminución de los síntomas y el manejo de factores de riesgo modificables de exacerbaciones es el objetivo principal del tratamiento del asma. Nuestro objetivo fue evaluar el grado de control clínico y la presencia de factores de riesgo modificables de exacerbaciones en asmáticos que se controlan en atención primaria. Se extrajeron datos de registros clínicos de los asmáticos que acudieron a su visita programada entre noviembre de 2014 y junio de 2015. En cada visita se realizó el Test de Control del Asma. Se analizaron 236 visitas (183 pacientes). El 10% tenía el asma totalmente controlada, 34% parcialmente controlada y 56% no controlada. El peor control clínico se asoció significativamente con mayor uso de recursos sanitarios. El 92% tenía factores de riesgo modificable de exacerbaciones, principalmente obesidad y tabaquismo activo.

Síndrome de Gorlin-Goltz: una presentación atípica / Gorlin - Goltz syndrome: a non typical presentation

El síndrome de Gorlin-Goltz o síndrome de carcinoma de nevo baso celular es un desorden autosómico dominante caracterizado principalmente por múltiples carcinomas baso celular, queratoquistes y defectos del desarrollo. El queratoquiste odontogénico es una de las lesiones más constantes de este síndrome y con localización en el seno maxilar, se presenta habitualmente de manera asintomático y como hallazgo en exámenes radiológicos, sin embargo, puede presentarse de forma atípica, dando sintomatología secundaria a la compresión de estructuras vecinas, ya sea oculares o en la región facial. Además se debe realizar la evaluación genética y estudio de toda la familia. El tratamiento quirúrgico realizado por equipo con experiencia en este territorio anatómico, debe ser el menos agresivo considerando su alta tasa de recurrencia local.

The Gorlin - Goltz syndrome carcinoma or basal cell nevus syndrome is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized mainly by multiple baso cellular carcinoma, queratocysts and developmental defects. The odontogenic queratocyst is one of the most constant injuries of this syndrome and localization in the maxillary sinus, usually presenting asymptomatic and as a finding in radiological exams, however, may present atypically , giving symptoms related to compression neighboring structures either eye or facial region. In addition it should be performed genetic evaluation and study of the whole family. The surgical treatment performed by experienced team in this anatomical area, should be the least aggressive considering the high rate of local recurrence.

Tumor miofibroblástico de laringe: reporte de caso clínico y revisión de literatura / Miofibroflástico larynx tumor: case report and literature review

El tumor miofibroblástico inflamatorio de laringe es una patología rara dentro de los tumores de cabeza, cuello y de vía aérea, con una baja prevalencia, existiendo escasa literatura al respecto. Corresponde a un tumor benigno que generalmente se presenta como hallazgo incidental en relación a cuerdas vocales con mayor frecuencia, que puede ser de carácter asintomático o presentarse con clínica de obstrucción de vía aérea como estridor y disnea progresiva, además de disfonía. Puede afectar a pacientes de cualquier edad, siendo más frecuentes en adultos en edad media. El diagnóstico se hace a través de radiología y visualización directa mediante laringoscopía con la consiguiente obtención de muestra y estudio histopatológico. El tratamiento consta en la resección quirúrgica completa de la lesión, asociado o no a terapia esteroidal, sin embargo la curación completa no se logra en todos los casos producto de la naturaleza recidivante de la lesión.

The inflammatory myofibroblastic umor of the larynx is a rare condition in tumors of head, neck and airway, with a low prevalence, and scarce existing literature. It corresponds to a benign tumor that usually occurs as an incidental finding in relation to vocal cords more frequently, which can be asymptomatic or present with clinical character of airway obstruction, as progressive stridor and dyspnea, plus dysphonia. It can affect patients of any age are more common in adults in middle age. The diagnosis is made by radiology and direct laryngoscopy with visualization by obtaining sample and histology. Treatment consists of surgical removal of the entire lesion with or without steroid therapy, however complete healing is not achieved in all the cases product of the recurrent nature of the patology.

Resultados en cirugía mayor ambulatoria en otorrinolaringología realizada en un hospital de baja complejidad / Results in major ambulatory surgery in otorhinolaryngology performed in a hospital of low complexity

Introducción: La cirugía mayor ambulatoria confiere al sistema sanitario un modelo de gestión eficiente y de alta calidad. Objetivo: Conocer los resultados de la cirugía mayor ambulatoria en otorrinolaringología (ORL) en un hospital de baja complejidad. Material y método: Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo realizado en el Hospital Santo Tomás de Limache entre los años 2004 y 2009. La inclusión de pacientes sometidos a cirugía otorrinolaringológica bajo la modalidad de cirugía mayor ambulatoria. Se realizó análisis descriptivo en base a promedios, desviación estándary proporciones. En análisis bivariado, se emplearon las pruebas de chi cuadrado y t-student. Resultados: Se incorporó 815 pacientes. El 58% fue de sexo masculino, con edad promedio de 8,4 ±6,2 años. La adenoamigdalectomía sola o asociada a otras cirugías se efectuó en 54,2(0)% de los casos. La tasa de complicaciones posoperatorias fue de 1,22 %, la mitad de ella, la hemorragia. No hubo mortalidad. No se encontró asociación estadística entre la presencia de complicaciones y alguna variable en particular. Conclusiones: En pacientes de otorrinolaringología seleccionados, la cirugía mayor ambulatoria efectuada en un hospital de baja complejidad tiene buenos resultados, con una baja tasa de complicaciones.

Background: Major ambulatroy surgery provide to public health and efficient and high quality model. Aim: To know teh results in patient underwent Otorrinolaringologic surgery in a low complexity hospital. Material and method: Date from 815 who underwent Otorrinolaringologic surgery carried on a major ambulatory surgery basis in Hospital Santo Tomás de Limache, between 2004 and 2009 where retrospectively reviewed. Analysed date included sex, age, type of conducted surgery, type of complications and the period of time in which patients were discharged. Averages, standard deviation and proportions were used. In bivariate analysis, chi square and t-student were used. Results: 58% of enrolled patients were males with age average of 8.4 ±6.2 years. Adenotonsillectomy single or associated to other surgeries took place in 54,2% of the cases. The rate ofpostoperation side effects was 1.22%%, And half of these patient presented postoperatory bleeding. There was no mortality. There was not statistical association between the presence of complications and some variable in particular. Conclusions: Major ambulatory surgery In selected patients who need otorrinolaringologic surgery in a low complexity hospital is safe whith low rate of complication.

Resultados en cirugía mayor ambulatoria en otorrinolaringología realizada en un hospital de baja complejidad / Results in major ambulatory surgery in otorhinolaryngology performed in ahospital of low complexity

Introducción: La cirugía mayor ambulatoria confiere al sistema sanitario un modelo de gestión eficiente y de alta calidad. Objetivo: Conocer los resultados de la cirugía mayor ambulatoria en otorrinolaringología (ORL) en un hospital de baja complejidad. Material y método: Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo realizado en el Hospital Santo Tomás de Limache entre los años 2004 y 2009. La inclusión de pacientes sometidos a cirugía otorrinolaringológica bajo la modalidad de cirugía mayor ambulatoria. Se realizó análisis descriptivo en base a promedios, desviación estándar y proporciones. En análisis bivariado, se emplearon las pruebas de chi cuadrado y t-student. Resultados: Se incorporó 815 pacientes. El 58% fue de sexo masculino, con edad promedio de 8,4±6,2 años. La adenoamigdalectomía sola o asociada a otras cirugías se efectuó en 54,2%% de los casos. La tasa de complicaciones posoperatorias fue de 1,22%%, la mitad de ella, la hemorragia. No hubo mortalidad. No se encontró asociación estadística entre la presencia de complicaciones y alguna variable en particular. Conclusiones: En pacientes de otorrinolaringología seleccionados, la cirugía mayor ambulatoria efectuada en un hospital de baja complejidad tiene buenos resultados, con una baja tasa de complicaciones.

Introduction: Major ambulatory surgery provide to public health and efficient and high quality model. Aim: To know the results in patient underwent Otorrinolaringologic surgery in a low complexity hospital. Material and methods: Retrospective descritive study. Date from 815 who underwent Otorrinolaringologic surgery carried on a major ambulatory surgery basis in Hospital Santo Tomás de Limache, between 2004 and 2009 where retrospectively reviewed. Analysed date included sex, age, type of conducted surgery, type of complications and the period of time in which patients were discharged. Averages, standard deviation and proportions were used. In bivariate analysis, chi square and t-student were used. Results: 58% of enrolled patients were males with age average of 8.4±6.2 years. Adenotonsillectomy single or associated to other surgeries took place in 54.2% of the cases. The rate of postoperation side effects was 1.22%, And half of these patient presented postoperatory bleeding. There was no mortality. There was not statistical association between the presence of complications and some variable in particular. Conclusions: Major ambulatory surgery In selected patients who need otorrinolaringologic surgery in a low complexity hospital is safe with low rate of complication.

Vitamin A palmitate and α-lipoic acid stability in o/w emulsions for cosmetic application.

Skin becomes thin, dry, pale, and finely wrinkled with age. Retinoids are a large class of compounds that are important in modern therapy for dermatological treatment of wrinkled skin. Of the retinoids, retinol and vitamin A palmitate are thought to induce thickening of the epidermis and to be effective for treatment of skin diseases. Accordingly, α-lipoic acid or the reduced form, dihydrolipoate, are potent scavengers of hydroxyl radicals, superoxide radicals, peroxyl radicals, singlet oxygen, and nitric oxide with anti-inflammatory properties (1). Cosmetic ingredient stability prediction relies on kinetic quantitative chemical analysis of active components at different temperatures. Vitamin A palmitate and α-lipoic acid, are known to be unstable to light or heat (2). The aims of this study were to evaluate the stability of α-lipoic acid and vitamin A palmitate in the presence of vitamin E (acetate) and other antioxidants in lipophilic/hydrophilic medium (O/W emulsions) at pH 3.0, 5.0, and 7.0. The formulations that were investigated contained 0.12% (w/w) vitamin A palmitate, 0.4% (w/w) vitamin E acetate, and 0.5 % α-lipoic acid (formulation A), supplemented with ascorbyl palmitate, magnesium ascorbyl phosphate, and vitamin C (formulation B) or with butylhydroxytoluene (BHT, formulation C) or ascorbyl palmitate (formulation D). The chemical analyses of α-lipoic acid and vitamin A palmitate were carried out by HPLC. Formulations C and D at pH 7.0 were selected as the most stable for these components. The purpose of this paper is the selection of the most stable formulations for their application in in vivo studies.

Stability of vitamin C derivatives in topical formulations containing lipoic acid, vitamins A and E.

The stability of ascorbyl palmitate, sodium ascorbyl phosphate and magnesium ascorbyl phosphate in topical formulations was investigated by direct reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography after sample dilution with a suitable buffer - organic solvent mixture. Ascorbyl palmitate, sodium ascorbyl phosphate and magnesium ascorbyl phosphate are derivatives of ascorbic acid which differ in hydrolipophilic properties. They are widely used in cosmetic and pharmaceutical preparations. According to the results, ascorbyl esters showed significant differences: sodium ascorbyl phosphate and magnesium ascorbyl phosphate are more stable derivatives of vitamin C than ascorbyl palmitate and may be easily used in cosmetic products.

Gangrena de fournier / Fournier's gangrene

La Gangrena de Fournier es una enfermedad caracterizada por una fasceitis necrotizante de las regiones perineal y genital siendo una patología potencialmente letal. Usualmente la infección comienza a nivel perianal o genital y rápidamente se expande por los planos fasciales del periné. Esta expansión se produce rápidamente calculándose que avanza 2.5 cm por hora. Es una entidad de etiología polimicrobiana y en promedio se aíslan cuatro microorganismos diferentes, aerobios y anaerobios. El diagnóstico se basa principalmente en la evaluación clínica y es de gran importancia que se lo haga de forma temprana lo cual disminuirá de manera significativa la morbi-mortalidad de estos pacientes .. El manejo estará encaminado inicialmente hacia la estabilización del paciente desde el punto de vista hemodinámico y metabólico, la iniciación de un antibiótico de amplio espectro, seguido de un pronto manejo quirúrgico agresivo consistente en el desbridamiento amplio de la piel y tejido celular subcutáneo del área comprometida. Cuando el defecto se encuentre en proceso de granulación su resolución es generalmente por segunda intención, sin embargo en los casos en que el desbridamiento es muy extenso se realizará cirugía reconstructiva.

[Psychiatric comorbidity in clinical Tourette Syndrome's samples]. / Comorbilidad Psiquiátrica en Poblaciones Clínicas con Síndrome de Gilles de la Tourette.

Classically conceived essentially as a rare neurological disorder, Tourette Syndrome (TS) is frequently associated with comorbid disorders such as attention deficit, obsessive-compulsive disorder, impulse control problem and a variety of other behavioral symptoms that can clearly have an impact on cognitive,educational and psychosocial function and can be more debilitating than the cardinal motor features. The full spectrum of TS is often not recognized in our medical community while it's usual atributtion to exclusive pshycogenic causes leads to underdiagnosis. Meanwhile epidemiological studies shows it's increasingly prevalence and its pottencially multiple deficits, specially on pediatrical clinical population. Through her experience as a tourette's clinical researcher the author review Tourette syndrome's clinical features and it's natural course, sharing the results and conclusions of an interdisciplinary clinical research about The Importance of an Early Diagnosis of Comorbidity in a Clinical Sample of 51 argentine patients with TS.

Comorbilidad Psiquiátrica en Poblaciones Clínicas con Síndrome de Gilles de la Tourette. / [Psychiatric comorbidity in clinical Tourette Syndromes samples]

Classically conceived essentially as a rare neurological disorder, Tourette Syndrome (TS) is frequently associated with comorbid disorders such as attention deficit, obsessive-compulsive disorder, impulse control problem and a variety of other behavioral symptoms that can clearly have an impact on cognitive,educational and psychosocial function and can be more debilitating than the cardinal motor features. The full spectrum of TS is often not recognized in our medical community while its usual atributtion to exclusive pshycogenic causes leads to underdiagnosis. Meanwhile epidemiological studies shows its increasingly prevalence and its pottencially multiple deficits, specially on pediatrical clinical population. Through her experience as a tourettes clinical researcher the author review Tourette syndromes clinical features and its natural course, sharing the results and conclusions of an interdisciplinary clinical research about The Importance of an Early Diagnosis of Comorbidity in a Clinical Sample of 51 argentine patients with TS.

Comorbilidad Psiquiátrica en Poblaciones Clínicas con Síndrome de Gilles de la Tourette / [Psychiatric comorbidity in clinical Tourette Syndrome’s samples]

Classically conceived essentially as a rare neurological disorder, Tourette Syndrome (TS) is frequently associated with comorbid disorders such as attention deficit, obsessive-compulsive disorder, impulse control problem and a variety of other behavioral symptoms that can clearly have an impact on cognitive,educational and psychosocial function and can be more debilitating than the cardinal motor features. The full spectrum of TS is often not recognized in our medical community while it’s usual atributtion to exclusive pshycogenic causes leads to underdiagnosis. Meanwhile epidemiological studies shows it’s increasingly prevalence and its pottencially multiple deficits, specially on pediatrical clinical population. Through her experience as a tourette’s clinical researcher the author review Tourette syndrome’s clinical features and it’s natural course, sharing the results and conclusions of an interdisciplinary clinical research about The Importance of an Early Diagnosis of Comorbidity in a Clinical Sample of 51 argentine patients with TS.