O assédio moral no trabalho e o narcisismo das pequenas diferenças: reflexões a partir da literatura / Workplace bullying and the narcissism of small differences: reflections from the literature

O presente artigo teve por objetivo apresentar de que maneira o assédio moral no trabalho pode ser percebido como uma manifestação do narcisismo das pequenas diferenças, a partir de uma pesquisa bibliográfica com base na teoria psicanalítica freudiana e em outros autores sobre assédio moral. No que concerne aos efeitos narcísicos no enfrentamento de pequenas diferenças presentes nos laços sociais, frisamos que estes podem ser exteriorizados por intermédio: da angústia frente às pequenas diferenças e oposição ao reconhecimento delas; de sentimentos de aversão, antipatia e inveja; da manifestação de prontidão ao ódio, à hostilidade e à agressividade; do ato de caricaturar o outro; e, do racismo, os quais podem implicar a ocorrência do assédio moral no trabalho.(AU)

The article aimed to present how workplace bullying can be perceived as a manifestation of the narcissism of small differences from a bibliographic research based on Freudian psychoanalytic theory and authors on workplace bullying. Concerning the narcissistic effects in facing small differences present in social bonds, we emphasize that these can be externalized through: anguish in the face of small differences and opposition to their recognition; from feelings of aversion, dislike and envy; from the manifestation of readiness to hatred, hostility and aggressiveness; the act of caricaturing the other; and, racism – which can lead to the occurrence of workplace bullying.(AU)

Computed tomography fluoroscopy-guided percutaneous biopsy of pulmonary nodules ≤ 10 mm: retrospective analysis of procedures performed during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic performance of computed tomography (CT) fluoroscopy-guided percutaneous transthoracic needle biopsy (PTNB) in pulmonary nodules ≤ 10 mm during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Materials and Methods: Between January 1, 2020 and April 30, 2022, a total of 359 CT fluoroscopy-guided PTNBs were performed at an interventional radiology center. Lung lesions measured between 2 mm and 108 mm. Of the 359 PTNBs, 27 (7.5%) were performed with an 18G core needle on nodules ≤ 10 mm in diameter. Results: Among the 27 biopsies performed on nodules ≤ 10 mm, the lesions measured < 5 mm in four and 5-10 mm in 23. The sensitivity and overall diagnostic accuracy of PTNB were 100% and 92.3%, respectively. The mean dose of ionizing radiation during PTNB was 581.33 mGy*cm (range, 303-1,129 mGy*cm), and the mean biopsy procedure time was 6.6 min (range, 2-12 min). There were no major postprocedural complications. Conclusion: CT fluoroscopy-guided PTNB appears to provide a high diagnostic yield with low complication rates.

Fluoroscopia por tomografia computadorizada - biópsia percutânea guiada de nódulos pulmonares ≤ 10 mm: análise retrospectiva de procedimentos realizados no período de pandemia de COVID-19 / Computed tomography fluoroscopy-guided percutaneous biopsy of pulmonary nodules ≤ 10 mm: retrospective analysis of procedures performed during the COVID-19 pandemic

Resumo Objetivo: Avaliar o desempenho diagnóstico da biópsia pulmonar percutânea transtorácica (BPPT) guiada por fluoroscopia associada a tomografia computadorizada (FTC) em nódulos pulmonares ≤ 10 mm no período de pandemia de COVID-19. Materiais e Métodos: No período de 1º de janeiro de 2020 a 30 de abril de 2022, 359 BPPTs guiadas por FTC foram realizadas em um centro terciário de radiologia intervencionista. As lesões pulmonares mediam entre 2 mm e 108 mm. Dessas 359 BPPTs, 27 (7,5%) foram realizadas com agulha 18G em nódulos de 2 mm a 10 mm. Resultados: Das 27 BPPTs realizadas nos nódulos ≤ 10 mm, quatro lesões tinham dimensões menores que 5 mm e 23 lesões mediam entre 5 e 10 mm. Sensibilidade e acurácia diagnóstica das BPPTs guiadas por FTC foram de 100% e 92,3%, respectivamente. A dose média de radiação ionizante para os pacientes durante o procedimento de BPPT guiada por FTC foi de 581,33 mGy*cm, variando de 303 a 1129 mGy*cm. A média de tempo dos procedimentos de biópsia foi de 6,6 minutos, variando de 2 a 12 minutos. Nas 27 BPPTs, nenhuma complicação maior foi descrita. Conclusão: A BBPT guiada por FTC resultou em alto rendimento diagnóstico e baixas taxas de complicações.

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic performance of computed tomography (CT) fluoroscopy-guided percutaneous transthoracic needle biopsy (PTNB) in pulmonary nodules ≤ 10 mm during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Materials and Methods: Between January 1, 2020 and April 30, 2022, a total of 359 CT fluoroscopy-guided PTNBs were performed at an interventional radiology center. Lung lesions measured between 2 mm and 108 mm. Of the 359 PTNBs, 27 (7.5%) were performed with an 18G core needle on nodules ≤ 10 mm in diameter. Results: Among the 27 biopsies performed on nodules ≤ 10 mm, the lesions measured < 5 mm in four and 5-10 mm in 23. The sensitivity and overall diagnostic accuracy of PTNB were 100% and 92.3%, respectively. The mean dose of ionizing radiation during PTNB was 581.33 mGy*cm (range, 303-1,129 mGy*cm), and the mean biopsy procedure time was 6.6 min (range, 2-12 min). There were no major postprocedural complications. Conclusion: CT fluoroscopy-guided PTNB appears to provide a high diagnostic yield with low complication rates.

MRSA Isolates from Patients with Persistent Bacteremia Generate Nonstable Small Colony Variants In Vitro within Macrophages and Endothelial Cells during Prolonged Vancomycin Exposure.

Staphylococcus aureus (especially methicillin-resistant S. aureus [MRSA]) is frequently associated with persistent bacteremia (PB) during vancomycin therapy despite consistent susceptibility in vitro. Strategic comparisons of PB strains versus those from vancomycin-resolving bacteremia (RB) would yield important mechanistic insights into PB outcomes. Clinical PB versus RB isolates were assessed in vitro for intracellular replication and small colony variant (SCV) formation within macrophages and endothelial cells (ECs) in the presence or absence of exogenous vancomycin. In both macrophages and ECs, PB and RB isolates replicated within lysosome-associated membrane protein-1 (LAMP-1)-positive compartments. PB isolates formed nonstable small colony variants (nsSCVs) in vancomycin-exposed host cells at a significantly higher frequency than matched RB isolates (in granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor [GM-CSF], human macrophages PB versus RB, P < 0.0001 at 48 h; in ECs, PB versus RB, P < 0.0001 at 24 h). This phenotype could represent one potential basis for the unique ability of PB isolates to adaptively resist vancomycin therapy and cause PB in humans. Elucidating the molecular mechanism(s) by which PB strains form nsSCVs could facilitate the discovery of novel treatment strategies to mitigate PB due to MRSA.

O percurso constitutivo da ontologia Marxiana-Lukacsiana: apontamentos pertinentes para o debate gnosiológico-epistemológico sobre a corporeidade humana / The path of constitution of the Marxian-Lukacsian ontology: relevance for the gnosiological and epistemological debate on human corporeity / El camino de constitución de la ontología Marxiano-Lukácsiana: relevancia para el debate gnosiológico y epistemológico sobre la corporeidad humana

RESUMO A presente exposição objetiva, através da apresentação do percurso de constituição da ontologia marxiana-lukasciana, extrair considerações iniciais críticas às teorias sociais modernas que são fundamentos teórico-epistemológicos para os estudos sobre a corporeidade humana. Aportado em uma pesquisa doutoral qualitativa de cunho teórico-bibliográfica, centra-se aqui na revisão que Lukács realizou sobre as teorias antiontológicas e aquelas que reivindicavam uma ontologia do ente presentificado no cotidiano. Conclui-se provisoriamente que a detecção dos problemas e limites das abordagens investigadas, em especial, uma noção demasiada abstrata do Ser, possam ser pertinentes para a análise da produção dos estudos sobre a corporeidade desenvolvidos na Educação Física.

ABSTRACT This exposition aims, through the presentation of the path of constitution of the Marxian-Lukascian ontology, to extract initial critical considerations to modern social theories that are theoretical-epistemological foundations for studies on human embodiment. Based on a qualitative doctoral research of a theoretical-bibliographic nature, it focuses here on the review that Lukács carried out on anti-ontological theories and those that claimed an ontology of the being present in everyday life. It is provisionally concluded that the detection of the problems and limits of the investigated approaches, in particular, an overly abstract notion of Being, may be relevant for the analysis of the production of studies on embodiment developed in Physical Education.

RESUMEN Esta exposición pretende, a través de la presentación del camino de constitución de la ontología marxiano-lukasciana, extraer consideraciones críticas iniciales a las teorías sociales modernas que son fundamentos teórico-epistemológicos para los estudios sobre la corporeidad humana. A partir de una investigación doctoral cualitativa de carácter teórico-bibliográfico, se centra aquí en la revisión que Lukács realizó sobre las teorías antiontológicas y aquellas que reivindicaban una ontología del ser presente en la vida cotidiana. Se concluye provisionalmente que la detección de los problemas y límites de los enfoques investigados, en particular, una noción excesivamente abstracta del Ser, puede ser relevante para el análisis de la producción de estudios sobre la corporeidad desarrollados en Educación Física.

A scoping study of pulmonary paracoccidioidomycosis: severity classification based on radiographic and tomographic evaluation.

The lungs have great importance in patients with paracoccidioidomycosis since they are the portal of entry for the infecting fungi, the site of quiescent foci, and one of the most frequently affected organs. Although they have been the subject of many studies with different approaches, the severity classification of the pulmonary involvement, using imaging procedures, has not been carried out yet. This study aimed to classify the active and the residual pulmonary damage using radiographic and tomographic evaluations, according to the area involved and types of lesions.

What the radiologist should know about the role of percutaneous gastrostomy: a pictorial essay.

The image-guided gastrostomy techniques, as transoral and transabdominal, can be performed when there is a failure of the endoscopic procedure or in some specific clinical scenarios. This pictorial essay intends to show the percutaneous gastrostomy techniques, indications, technical approaches, post-procedure care, and complications.

As técnicas de gastrostomia guiadas por imagem, por via transoral e transabdominal podem ser realizadas quando há falha na técnica endoscópica ou em cenários clínicos em que a endoscopia não pode ser realizada. Este ensaio iconográfico pretende mostrar as técnicas de gastrostomia percutânea, suas indicações, aspectos técnicos, cuidados pós-procedimento e complicações.

Endobiliary biopsy.

The differential diagnosis between benign and malignant biliary strictures is challenging and requires a multidisciplinary approach with the use of serum biomarkers, imaging techniques, and several modalities of endoscopic or percutaneous tissue sampling. The diagnosis of biliary strictures consists of laboratory markers, and invasive and non-invasive imaging examinations such as computed tomography (CT), contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography, and endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS). Nevertheless, invasive imaging modalities combined with tissue sampling are usually required to confirm the diagnosis of suspected malignant biliary strictures, while pathological diagnosis is mandatory to decide the optimal therapeutic strategy. Although EUS-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy is currently the standard procedure for tissue sampling of solid pancreatic mass lesions, its diagnostic value in intraductal infiltrating type of cholangiocarcinoma remains limited. Moreover, the "endobiliary approach" using novel slim biopsy forceps, transpapillary and percutaneous cholangioscopy, and intraductal ultrasound-guided biopsy, is gaining ground on traditional endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography endobiliary forceps biopsy. This review focuses on the available endobiliary techniques currently used to perform biliary strictures biopsy, comparing the diagnostic performance of endoscopic and percutaneous approaches.

Prevalence of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis regarding time of tuberculosis diagnosis in Brazil.

BACKGROUND: Data on the prevalence of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA) in patients with active or cured tuberculosis (TB) are scarce, mainly due to diagnostic difficulties. The diagnosis of CPA is based on pulmonary symptoms and chest computed tomography (CT) scans and is considered confirmed when there is microbiological or serological evidence of Aspergillus spp. OBJECTIVES: To estimate the prevalence of CPA in patients treated or undergoing treatment for PTB, seen in two referral hospitals in Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 193 consecutive patients who were treated or previously treated for pulmonary tuberculosis underwent prospective evaluation: (a) clinical evaluation; (b) chest CT scan; (c) sputum examination-culture for fungi and smears for direct mycology; (d) detection of anti-Aspergillus fumigatus antibodies using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay Platelia® test; and (e) anti-Aspergillus spp. antibodies were assessed via a DID test. RESULTS: The global prevalence of CPA was 10.9% (95% confidence interval, 7.2%-16.1%), but it increased with the time of TB diagnosis. The variables independently associated with CPA were previous pulmonary tuberculosis over 4 years ago and haemoptysis. Cavities, pleural thickening and the presence of a fungal ball were the most frequent tomographic findings in patients with CPA. CONCLUSIONS: The high prevalence observed and its increase over time suggest the need for continuous surveillance of CPA in patients with active or previous pulmonary tuberculosis and throughout life, with clinical, tomographic and serological evaluations (ELISA) for a timely diagnosis and a better prognosis.

O que o radiologista deve saber sobre o papel da gastrostomia percutânea: ensaio iconográfico / What the radiologist should know about the role of percutaneous gastrostomy: a pictorial essay

Resumo As técnicas de gastrostomia guiadas por imagem, por via transoral e transabdominal podem ser realizadas quando há falha na técnica endoscópica ou em cenários clínicos em que a endoscopia não pode ser realizada. Este ensaio iconográfico pretende mostrar as técnicas de gastrostomia percutânea, suas indicações, aspectos técnicos, cuidados pós-procedimento e complicações.

Abstract The image-guided gastrostomy techniques, as transoral and transabdominal, can be performed when there is a failure of the endoscopic procedure or in some specific clinical scenarios. This pictorial essay intends to show the percutaneous gastrostomy techniques, indications, technical approaches, post-procedure care, and complications.

Long-term results of oversized balloon dilation for benign anastomotic biliary strictures: initial two-center experience.

Objective: To describe, assess the feasibility of, and quantify the long-term patency achieved with percutaneous transhepatic biliary dilation using the anastomotic biliary stricture (ABS) oversized balloon dilation technique as a single-step procedure for the treatment of benign anastomotic biliary strictures following hepatobiliary surgery. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective, two-center study including 16 consecutive cases of symptomatic benign biliary-enteric strictures. After assessment of the diameter of the bile duct by computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging, the strictures were dilated with oversized balloons (40-50% larger than the bile duct diameter) and an external biliary-enteric drain was placed. After drain removal, clinical symptoms and laboratory test results were evaluated every three months, whereas follow-up magnetic resonance imaging was performed at 30 days out and follow-up computed tomography was performed at 6 and 12 months out. Results: The mean follow-up time was 31.8 ± 8.15 months. Kaplan-Meier-estimated 1-, 2-, and 3-year patency rates were 88.2%, 82.4%, and 82.4%, respectively. There was one major complication-a small dehiscence of the anastomosis-which extended the catheter dwell time. Minor complications occurred in two cases-one small perihepatic hematoma and one segmental thrombosis of the left portal branch-neither of which required further intervention. Conclusion: The single-step ABS oversized balloon dilation technique is a feasible treatment for benign anastomotic biliary-enteric strictures. The technique appears to be associated with high rates of long-term clinical success and patency.

Objetivo: Descrever o procedimento, avaliar a viabilidade e perviedade em longo prazo da dilatação biliar trans-hepática percutânea usando a técnica de dilatação por balão superdimensionado para o tratamento em uma única etapa de estenose biliar anastomótica benigna após cirurgia hepatobiliar. Materiais e Métodos: Este estudo retrospectivo de dois centros incluiu 16 casos consecutivos de estenoses bilioentéricas benignas sintomáticas. A dilatação das estenoses com superdimensionamento do balão de 40-50% foi realizada após avaliação pré-procedimento do diâmetro do ducto biliar por tomografia computadorizada ou ressonância magnética e um dreno externo foi colocado. Os sintomas clínicos e exames laboratoriais foram avaliados a cada três meses após a remoção do dreno, enquanto o acompanhamento radiológico foi realizado com ressonância magnética em 30 dias e tomografia computadorizada em 6 e 12 meses. Resultados: O tempo médio de seguimento foi de 31,8 ± 8,15 meses. As estimativas de perviedade em um, dois e três anos foram 88,2%, 82,4% e 82,4%; respectivamente. Houve uma complicação importante, com pequena deiscência da anastomose biliodigestiva, que exigiu prolongamento do tempo de permanência do dreno externo. Complicações menores ocorreram em dois casos, um pequeno hematoma peri-hepático e uma trombose segmentar do ramo portal esquerdo e nenhum deles necessitou de intervenção adicional. Conclusão: A técnica de dilatação com balão superdimensionado para o tratamento de estenoses biliares anastomóticas benignas foi viável para o tratamento de estenoses anastomóticas bilioentéricas benignas. A técnica parece estar associada a altas taxas de perviedade e de sucesso clínico no longo prazo.

A Educação Física e o método em Marx: uma resenha / Physical Education and method in Marx: a review / Educación física y método en Marx: una reseña

O texto é uma resenha do livro "O Método em Marx: a verdade e a essência da matéria", escrito por Ranieri Carli, professor e pesquisador do curso de Serviço Social da Universidade Federal Fluminense. Tendo como chave de leitura o pensamento de György Lukács e tomando Marx como sua principal referência, o livro destaca um conjunto de elementos teóricos caros ao pensamento dialético do importante filósofo e revolucionário alemão do século XIX. As explicações e os argumentos inscritos no livro podem colaborar para a necessária renovação da apropriação do pensamento marxista na educação física, bem como na sempre desejável "batalha das ideias" contra o pensamento pós-moderno.

The text is a review of the book "The Method in Marx: the truth and the essence of matter", written by Ranieri Carli, professor and researcher of the Social Work course at Fluminense University. Taking the thought of György Lukács as a key to reading and taking Marx as its main reference, the book highlights a set of important theoretical elements to the dialectical thinking of the German philosopher and revolutionary of the 19th century. The explanations and arguments included in the book can contribute to a new and necessary appropriation of a Marxist thought in physical education, as well as in the always desirable "battle of ideas" against postmodern thought.

El texto es una reseña del libro "El Método en Marx: la verdad y la esencia de la materia", escrito por Ranieri Carli, profesor e investigador del curso de Trabajo Social de la Universidad Fluminense. Tomando el pensamiento de György Lukács como clave de lectura y tomando a Marx como referencia principal, el libro destaca un conjunto de importante elementos teóricos por el pensamiento dialéctico del estupendo filósofo y revolucionario alemán del siglo XIX. Las explicaciones y argumentos incluidos en el libro pueden contribuir a la necesaria renovación de la apropiación del pensamiento marxista en la educación física, así como en la siempre deseable "batalla de ideas" contra el pensamiento posmoderno.

Long-term results of oversized balloon dilation for benign anastomotic biliary strictures: initial two-center experience

Abstract Objective: To describe, assess the feasibility of, and quantify the long-term patency achieved with percutaneous transhepatic biliary dilation using the anastomotic biliary stricture (ABS) oversized balloon dilation technique as a single-step procedure for the treatment of benign anastomotic biliary strictures following hepatobiliary surgery. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective, two-center study including 16 consecutive cases of symptomatic benign biliary-enteric strictures. After assessment of the diameter of the bile duct by computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging, the strictures were dilated with oversized balloons (40-50% larger than the bile duct diameter) and an external biliary-enteric drain was placed. After drain removal, clinical symptoms and laboratory test results were evaluated every three months, whereas follow-up magnetic resonance imaging was performed at 30 days out and follow-up computed tomography was performed at 6 and 12 months out. Results: The mean follow-up time was 31.8 ± 8.15 months. Kaplan-Meier-estimated 1-, 2-, and 3-year patency rates were 88.2%, 82.4%, and 82.4%, respectively. There was one major complication—a small dehiscence of the anastomosis—which extended the catheter dwell time. Minor complications occurred in two cases—one small perihepatic hematoma and one segmental thrombosis of the left portal branch—neither of which required further intervention. Conclusion: The single-step ABS oversized balloon dilation technique is a feasible treatment for benign anastomotic biliary-enteric strictures. The technique appears to be associated with high rates of long-term clinical success and patency.

Resumo Objetivo: Descrever o procedimento, avaliar a viabilidade e perviedade em longo prazo da dilatação biliar trans-hepática percutânea usando a técnica de dilatação por balão superdimensionado para o tratamento em uma única etapa de estenose biliar anastomótica benigna após cirurgia hepatobiliar. Materiais e Métodos: Este estudo retrospectivo de dois centros incluiu 16 casos consecutivos de estenoses bilioentéricas benignas sintomáticas. A dilatação das estenoses com superdimensionamento do balão de 40-50% foi realizada após avaliação pré-procedimento do diâmetro do ducto biliar por tomografia computadorizada ou ressonância magnética e um dreno externo foi colocado. Os sintomas clínicos e exames laboratoriais foram avaliados a cada três meses após a remoção do dreno, enquanto o acompanhamento radiológico foi realizado com ressonância magnética em 30 dias e tomografia computadorizada em 6 e 12 meses. Resultados: O tempo médio de seguimento foi de 31,8 ± 8,15 meses. As estimativas de perviedade em um, dois e três anos foram 88,2%, 82,4% e 82,4%; respectivamente. Houve uma complicação importante, com pequena deiscência da anastomose biliodigestiva, que exigiu prolongamento do tempo de permanência do dreno externo. Complicações menores ocorreram em dois casos, um pequeno hematoma peri-hepático e uma trombose segmentar do ramo portal esquerdo e nenhum deles necessitou de intervenção adicional. Conclusão: A técnica de dilatação com balão superdimensionado para o tratamento de estenoses biliares anastomóticas benignas foi viável para o tratamento de estenoses anastomóticas bilioentéricas benignas. A técnica parece estar associada a altas taxas de perviedade e de sucesso clínico no longo prazo.

Percepção sobre assédio moral para servidores universitários: da prática hostil a consequência da violência / Perception of workplace bullying for university server: from hostile practice to the consequence of violence

Nas últimas décadas o tema do assédio moral ganhou visibilidade, embora ainda seja, com frequência, compreendido de forma equivocada, no que se refere ao seu conceito e características. Este artigo objetiva analisar a percepção de servidores docentes e técnico-administrativos, de uma Universidade Federal da região sul brasileira, sobre a caracterização do assédio moral no trabalho. A pesquisa classifica-se como mista e descritiva, cujas informações foram coletadas por meio de questionário online (214 respostas) e de 12 entrevistas, e analisados mediante estatística descritiva e análise de conteúdo, respectivamente. Observou-se que os participantes definem assédio moral de duas formas: prioritariamente pela prática hostil (desrespeito; abuso; coação; violência; constrangimento); e pela consequência/efeito que pode proporcionar (humilhação; vergonha; medo; angústia; baixa autoestima; raiva). Dentre os entrevistados, apenas dois mencionaram nas suas verbalizações dois importantes elementos caracterizadores do assédio moral, a frequência e a duração, o que demonstra conhecimento limitado sobre o problema.(AU)

In the last decades, the theme of workplace bullying has gained visibility, although is still often no misunderstanding or misinterpretation of its concept and characteristics. This article aims to analyze the perception of teacher’s and technical-administrative employees, from a Federal University in southern Brazil, about the characterization workplace bullying. The research was classified as mixed approach and descriptive, whose information was collected through a survey (214responses) and 12 interviews, and analyzed using descriptive statistics and content analysis, respectively. It was observed that the participants define workplace bullying in two ways: primarily by hostile practice (disrespect; abuse; coercion; violence; embarrassment); and the consequence/effect it can provide (humiliation; shame; fear; anguish; low self-esteem; anger). Among the interviewees, only two mentioned in their verbalizations two important elements that characterize workplace bullying, the frequency and duration, which shows limited knowledge about the problem.(AU)

A scoping study of pulmonary paracoccidioidomycosis: severity classification based on radiographic and tomographic evaluation

The lungs have great importance in patients with paracoccidioidomycosis since they are the portal of entry for the infecting fungi, the site of quiescent foci, and one of the most frequently affected organs. Although they have been the subject of many studies with different approaches, the severity classification of the pulmonary involvement, using imaging procedures, has not been carried out yet. This study aimed to classify the active and the residual pulmonary damage using radiographic and tomographic evaluations, according to the area involved and types of lesions.

Avaliação do conhecimento sobre radiação ionizante em métodos de imagem em uma população não médica / Evaluation of knowledge about ionizing radiation in imaging methods in a non-medical population

Objetivos: Descrever o conhecimento sobre exposição à radiação ionizante de uma população não-médica e avaliar as relações entre a compreensão sobre esses conceitos e os riscos subsequentes. Material e Métodos: A pesquisa se constituiu em onze perguntas, e avaliou o conhecimento sobre quais exames utilizam radiação ionizante, exposição à radiação a partir de imagens médicas e malignidades subsequentes induzidas por radiação. Dados sociodemográficos também foram coletados. Resultados: 88 respostas foram obtidas. 84% dos pacientes possuíam curso superior completo e 98% já havia realizado algum tipo de exame de imagem na vida. Sobre quais métodos acham que utilizam radiação ionizante: 73% responderam ressonância magnética e 21% ultrassonografia. Quando foi comprado a TC com radiografia de tórax, apenas 11% indicaram que a TC tem 100 vezes a quantidade de radiação e maioria (23%) responderam que tem pouco menos. Em relação à ressonância magnética, quando questionados a quantidade de radiação que uma RM de abdome tem em comparação com uma TC de abdome, a maioria dos participantes (28%) respondeu a mesma quantidade. Sobre o conhecimento da indução de malignidade por radiação, 36% expressaram discordância, sem certeza, com a afirmação verdadeira "pessoa que faz 3-5 TCs tem um risco maior de desenvolver câncer ao longo da vida" e 20% discordaram totalmente. Conclusão: Os participantes do estudo não demonstraram uma compreensão sobre quais exames utilizam radiação ionizante, a dose de radiação e o risco associado às imagens de TC. Além disso, eles não entendiam que a ressonância magnética e a ultrassonografia não os expõem à radiação ionizante. O fato de possuírem ensino superior completo não demonstrou melhorar a compreensão dos conceitos sobre radiação. [au]

Objectives: To describe the knowledge of ionizing radiation exposure in a non-medical population and evaluate the relationship between the understanding of these concepts and the subsequent risks. Materials and Methods: The survey consisted in eleven questions, and assessed knowledge about which tests use ionizing radiation, radiation exposure from medical imaging, and subsequent radiation-induced malignancies. Sociodemographic data were also collected. Results: 88 responses were obtained. 84% of patients had completed higher education and 98% had already undergone some type of imaging exam in their lifetime. About which methods they think use ionizing radiation: 73% responded MRI and 21% ultrasonography. When chest X-ray was compared with CT, only 11% indicated that CT had 100 times the amount of radiation and the majority (23%) responded that it had a little less. Regarding MRI, when asked the amount of radiation that an MRI of abdomen has compared to a CT of abdomen, most participants (28%) responded the same amount. About the knowledge of radiation induction of malignancy, 36% expressed disagreement, without certainty, with the true statement "person who undergoes 3-5 CTs has a higher risk of developing cancer throughout life" and 20% totally disagreed. Conclusion: Study participants did not demonstrate an understanding of which tests use ionizing radiation, the radiation dose, and the risk associated with CT imaging. In addition, they did not understand that MRI and ultrasonography does not expose them to ionizing radiation. The fact of having completed higher education has not been shown to improve understanding of radiation concepts. [au]