[Impact of pregestational obesity on nutritional state of pregnant women of Mexico City]. / Impacto de la obesidad pregestacional en el estado nutricio de mujeres embarazadas de la Ciudad de México.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the impact of obesity on the nutritional status of Mexican pregnant women. PATIENTS AND METHOD: In a group of 155 pregnant women we assessed weight gain, nutrient intake before and during pregnancy, food patterns, and anemia prevalence. RESULTS: Weight gain in obese women during the third trimester was lower (2.2 kg) than in normal weight women (8.7 kg), and 22% of them lost weight. Obese women tend to consume less energy per kilogram of body weight. Some unhealthy food patterns were observed, including high saturated fat and cholesterol intake and low fruit and vegetable consumption. Anemia was present in 28% of women. Some micronutrient deficiencies were observed (zinc, folate, iron and other vitamins). CONCLUSIONS: Studies to assess healthy weight gain among obese Mexican pregnant women are needed. Nutrition education should be done to promote healthy eating patterns in this population.

Alteración de la respuesta inmunológica sistémica en asociación con endometriosis, empleando un modelo de estudio animal / Changes in the systemic immunologic response in association with endometriosis using an animal model

INTRODUCTION: Endometriosis constitutes the growth of endometrial tissue in a place other than the uterine cavity. Its etiopathogenesis is unknown, although there is some evidence associating it with the decrease of cytotoxic activity in the immunological system. OBJECTIVE: Evaluating the relationship between the development of ectopic endometrial tissue and the immunological status, and enumerating lymphocyte subpopulations and cytokine synthesis in T lymphocytes, using a murine endometriosis model. METHODOLOGY: Spleen lymphocytes isolated from two study groups of 10 female mice of the Balb/c strain that had been submitted to the surgical implantation of autologous endometrial tissue in the peritoneal cavity, and sacrificed after 5 (group I) and 8 (group II) weeks, were incubated--or not--with PMA/lonomicine. Lymphocyte T numbers and their cytokine production were determined by flow cytometry. RESULTS: A lower dispersion of the ectopic tissue growth value was observed in group II (24 vs. 42). A smaller population of cytotoxic T lymphocytes and a greater IL-4 production in the stimulated cells of the study group (p < 0.05) were observed, as compared to the control group. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of endometrial tissue in the uterine cavity decreases the amount of cytotoxic T lymphocytes and increases IL-4 production in total T lymphocytes, suggesting a modulation of the systemic immunological response to TH-2.