RESUMO
Faveleira (Cnidoscolus quercifolius) is an emerging Brazilian plant, with seeds rich in edible oil. This study investigates physicochemical properties, chemical composition, thermal and oxidative stability, in vitro and in vivo toxicity, antioxidant, antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of faveleira seed oil. It was observed that the oil has low acidity, value of peroxide, chlorophyll, carotenoids, ß-carotene and high concentrations of unsaturated fatty acids. In addition to presenting thermal and oxidative stability and high total phenolic content, with vanillin, eugenol and quercetin were predominating. The oil showed no toxicity in vitro and in vivo, and presented antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities. These findings provide relevant and appropriate conditions for processing of faveleira seed oil as functional food.
Assuntos
Euphorbiaceae/metabolismo , Óleos de Plantas/química , Analgésicos/química , Analgésicos/farmacologia , Analgésicos/uso terapêutico , Animais , Antioxidantes/química , Brasil , Carotenoides/análise , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Clorofila/análise , Euphorbiaceae/química , Ácidos Graxos/análise , Masculino , Camundongos , Dor/induzido quimicamente , Dor/prevenção & controle , Fenóis/análise , Óleos de Plantas/farmacologia , Óleos de Plantas/uso terapêutico , Células RAW 264.7 , Sementes/química , Sementes/metabolismoRESUMO
Ethanol production by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) using sugarcane bagasse as substrate was developed using batch and fed-batch mode. Acid, alkali, hydrothermal and hydrogen peroxide pretreatments to the sugarcane bagasse were tested. Experiments were carried out to optimize the enzyme load of cellulases and ß-glucosidase. Four strains, two of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and two of Kluyveromyces marxianus yeast species were evaluate using SSF to produce ethanol. A kinetic study in bioreactor was carried out to optimize the SSF. The batch process was optimized using 1.0â¯g/L of inoculum, 15.0 FPU/g cellulose of cellulases and 6.0% of initial cellulose reaching 92.0% of theoretical ethanol yield after 18â¯h using the bagasse pretreate by acid-alkali and S. cerevisiae PE-2. The fed-batch process with enzyme load three times lower than that was used in batch process, obtained 88% of theoretical ethanol yield in 40â¯h. Therefore, the use of the lignocellulosic biomass (sugarcane bagasse) for producing a biofuel (ethanol) reduces the need for oil and is an environmental-friendly process.
