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1.
Rev Clin Esp (Barc) ; 224(5): 300-313, 2024 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38641173

RESUMO

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) of the limbs is a common disease and causes significant morbidity and mortality. It is frequently the prelude to pulmonary embolism (PE), it can recur in 30% of patients and in 25-40% of cases they can develop post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS), with a significant impact in functional status and quality of life. This document contains the recommendations on the diagnosis and treatment of acute DVT from the Thromboembolic Disease group of the Spanish Society of Internal Medicine (SEMI). PE and thrombosis of unusual venous territories (cerebral, renal, mesenteric, superficial, etc.) are outside its scope, as well as thrombosis associated with catheter and thrombosis associated with cancer, which due to their peculiarities will be the subject of other positioning documents of the Thromboembolic Disease group of the Spanish Society of Internal Medicine (SEMI).


Assuntos
Trombose Venosa , Humanos , Trombose Venosa/diagnóstico , Trombose Venosa/terapia , Extremidade Inferior/irrigação sanguínea , Extremidade Superior/irrigação sanguínea , Anticoagulantes/uso terapêutico , Medicina Interna , Espanha
2.
Prev. tab ; 14(4): 159-164, oct.-dic. 2012. tab, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-108987

RESUMO

Objetivos. Conocer la prevalencia de tabaquismo en los pacientes diagnosticados de EPOC en nuestro Centro de Atención Primaria, así como el perfil de los pacientes fumadores y exfumadores, para optimizar su atención sanitaria. Pacientes y método. Estudio observacional sobre 94 pacientes diagnosticados de EPOC, recogiendo las variables referentes a su tabaquismo mediante cuestionario dirigido. Resultados. El 93,6% de los pacientes fueron varones, con una edad media de 74±10 años; 74,5% eran exfumadores, 20,2% fumadores activos y 5,3% no fumadores. De los fumadores, 47,4% tenían una dependencia leve a la nicotina, 47,4% moderada y 5,2% grave; 78,9% de todos ellos tenían una motivación baja para el abandono, siendo esta moderada en 15,5% y alta en un 5,3%. El 63,15% se encontraban en fase precontemplativa, el 31,6% en fase contemplativa y el 5,3% en fase de preparación. El 78,9% de los fumadores había tenido algún intento previo de deshabituación, con una media de 1,66 intentos; el 53,3% de las recaídas se debieron al síndrome de abstinencia, y el 26,7% a la presión social. El 4,3% de los exfumadores habían recibido ayuda farmacológica, todos ellos a través de Atención Especializada. Tanto las enfermedades cardiovasculares como las neoplasias fueron más frecuentes en los exfumadores que en los fumadores (40% frente a 23,3%, y 28,6% frente a 15% respectivamente, p>0,05 para ambas comparaciones). Conclusiones. El 20,2% de nuestros pacientes con EPOC son fumadores, más del 50% de ellos tienen moderada-alta dependencia por la nicotina y el 63% de ellos se encuentran en fase de precontemplación. Conocer el perfil de los pacientes EPOC respecto a su tabaquismo nos permitirá mejorar su atención sanitaria, sin olvidar que la formación y motivación de los profesionales es fundamental para lograr y mantener la deshabituación tabáquica (AU)


Objectives. To know the prevalence of smoking in patients diagnosed of COPD in our Primary Health Care Site, and the profile of the patients who smoke and are ex-smokers, to optimize their health care. Patients and methods. Observational study on 94 patients diagnosed of COPD, collecting the variables regarding their smoking habit using a targeted questionnaire. Results. A total of 93.6% of the patients were male, with mean age of 74±10 years; 74.5% were exsmokers, 20.2% active smokers and 5.3% non-smokers. Of the smokers, 47.4% had mild dependence on nicotine, 47.4% moderate and 5.2% severe; 78.9% of all of them had low motivation to quit smoking, this being moderate in 15.5% and high in 5.3%. A total of 63.15% were in the precontemplation phase. 31.6% in contemplation phase and 5.3% in preparation phase. Some previous attempts to quit smoking had been made by 78.9% of the smokers, with a mean of 1.66 attempts. Relapses were due to abstinence syndrome in 53.3%, and to social pressure in 26.7%. Pharmacological help had been received by 4.3% of the ex-smokers, all through Specialized Care. Both cardiovascular diseases and neoplasms were more frequent in the ex-smokers than in the smokers (40% versus 23.3%, and 28.6% versus 15%, respectively, p>0.05 for both comparisons). Conclusions. A total of 20.2% of our patients with COPD are smokers, more than 50% of them have moderate-high nicotine dependence and 63% of them are in pre-contemplation phase. Knowing the profile of COPD patients regarding their smoking habit will allow us to improve their health care, without forgetting that training and motivation of the professionals is fundamental to achieve and maintain smoking cessation (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Poluição por Fumaça de Tabaco/prevenção & controle , Fumar/epidemiologia , Fumar/prevenção & controle , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/complicações , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/diagnóstico , Nicotina/administração & dosagem , Nicotina/efeitos adversos , Tabagismo/diagnóstico , Tabagismo/tratamento farmacológico , Estudos Transversais/métodos , Estudos Transversais/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos Transversais/tendências , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/prevenção & controle , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/terapia , Atenção Primária à Saúde/métodos , Atenção Primária à Saúde/tendências , Inquéritos e Questionários , Abandono do Uso de Tabaco/psicologia , Doenças Cardiovasculares/complicações
3.
Emergencias (St. Vicenç dels Horts) ; 23(6): 430-436, dic. 2011. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-96076

RESUMO

Objetivos: Describir y analizar las características clínico-epidemiológicas y el proceso asistencial de los pacientes que fallecen durante las primeras 24 horas tras su llegada a urgencias. Método: Estudio unicéntrico descriptivo de todos los pacientes fallecidos durante las primeras 24 horas tras su llegada a urgencias durante el año 2009. Se compararon según el lugar del fallecimiento (urgencias o planta) el tipo de paciente (terminal o no) ys e analizó la calidad asistencial prestada. Resultados: Se produjeron 164 fallecimientos, 81 de ellos en hospitalización y 83 en urgencias(tasa de mortalidad 0,091%). La edad media de los pacientes fue de 78,4 ± 14,7años, el 54,9% fueron mujeres, el 85% tenía alguna comorbilidad importante y el índicede Karnofsky medio fue de 66,1 ± 23,7. El 24,7% de sujetos se encontraba en fase terminal de su enfermedad. En el 82,2% de los casos el fallecimiento fue previsible a la llegada del paciente a urgencias. Las principales causas de muerte fueron las enfermedades cerebrovasculares(17,3%), seguidas de las neumonías (16,7%) y las septicemias (13,6%). La ubicación de los pacientes se consideró adecuada en el 98,8% de casos. Recibieron tratamiento con analgésicos opiáceos o sedación con mayor frecuencia los pacientes en fase terminal (64,1 frente a 34,2%, p < 0,05). En el 97,1% de casos se informó a los familiares acerca del pronóstico del paciente, y en el 87% éste se encontraba acompañado. Conclusiones: Dada la creciente demanda asistencial de pacientes afectados de patologías terminales, el análisis de su proceso asistencial permite garantizar las medidas de confort para ellos, con el fin de maximizar la calidad percibida por los enfermos y sus familiares (AU)


Objective: To describe and analyze the clinical and epidemiologic characteristics of the care process of patients who died within 24 hours of arriving at emergency department. Methods: Descriptive single-centre study of patients who died in the first 24 hours of arrival at our emergency department in 2009.Results: A total of 164 deaths occurred; 84 patients died after admission to a ward and 83 were in the emergency department (mortality rate, 0.091%). The mean (SD) age of these patients was 78.4 (14.7) years; 54.9% were women and 85% had a significant comorbid condition. The mean Karnofsky index was 66.1 (23.7). The terminal stage of adisease had been reached by 24.7% of the patients, and death was foreseen on the patient’s arrival in the emergency department in 82.2%. The most frequent cause of death was cerebrovascular disease (17.3%), followed by pneumonia(16.7%) and septicemia (13.6%). Patients were admitted to an appropriate place in 98.8% of the cases. Treatment with opioid analgesics or sedation was most often provided for patients in a terminal phase (64.1% vs 34.2%, P<.05). Families were informed about the patient’s prognosis in 97.1% of the cases; 87% of the patients were accompanied by a relative. Conclusions: Given that the demand for care of patients in terminal phases of disease is growing, analysis of the care process will allow us to ensure that measures are implemented to make them and their families as comfortable as possible (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Mortalidade Hospitalar/tendências , Qualidade da Assistência à Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , /métodos , Doente Terminal/estatística & dados numéricos , Cuidados Paliativos , Satisfação do Paciente/estatística & dados numéricos , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/mortalidade , Pneumonia/mortalidade , Sepse/mortalidade
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