Police of the psyche: the psychiatrist and psychiatry in Spanish punk songs.

Previous research has revealed that stigma is not restricted to people with mental health problems but extends to the professionals involved in their care and treatment. Unlike other artistic manifestations, the study of the depictions of psychiatry in popular music is still a less-explored topic. This article addresses the subcultural portrayals of the psychiatrist and psychiatric treatments within Spanish popular music. The predominance of negative depictions of mental health professionals as social control agents was a striking finding, given the topicality that characterises punk music. It is suggested that the allegorical role assigned to the psychiatrist in such a specific narrative framework, marked by ideological factors, could potentially explain these findings. In contrast to other cultural manifestations that show a tendency towards more balanced views of psychiatric treatment and practice, the negative representations in Spanish punk songs seem to have evolved little over decades, reflecting outdated views of the psychiatric approach.

Intertextuality and trivialisation in subcultural depictions of violence and criminality related to mental disorders: the case of Spanish punk music.

SUMMARY: Previous research remarks on the role of the mass media in shaping our world-view and values. It is relevant for the psychiatric field since the literature suggests that the media and artistic representations emphasise violent and criminal behaviours of people with mental disorders. In contrast to the study of other artistic manifestations, depictions in music are much less explored. This article examines the subcultural portrayals of psychiatry-related violent and criminal behaviours in Spanish popular music; particularly, the dimensions of intertextuality and trivialisation. These aspects are relevant since trivialisation may contribute to a distorted and oversimplified view of mental disorders, while intertextuality can play a role in the dissemination, amplification and reinforcement of social beliefs regarding psychiatric problems.

"We are like a goat": the theme of madness in Spanish punk songs.

INTRODUCTION: The analysis of songs as discursive practices contributes to the understanding of the social representations of mental disorders in specific populations, as has been suggested in the literature. The aim of this article is to expand the knowledge about the depictions of madness (a broader but less delimited concept than psychosis) in the popular music focussing on emerging themes and their cross relations within the discourses of the madness in Spanish punk. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Qualitative research method. After the review of 3653 songs (1981-2010) insights from the Thematic Analysis of all the 163 identified lyrics of Spanish punk songs with the terms 'mad,' 'madness' or other related words are provided. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: After a thorough discussion of the main themes, the expression of subculture's identity became evident. Its otherness was recognizable on the exaltation of madness as loss of control or unpredictability as well as its links with crime, substance abuse or ideological opposition, among others. CONCLUSIONS: The idea of dangerousness linked to 'madness' emerges as a final pathway of different identified themes, suggesting a potential explanation for the general population attitudes towards the theme of madness.

«Estamos como una cabra¼: un análisis temático de la locura en la música punk española (1981-2010) / "We are like a goat": the theme of madness in Spanish punk songs (1981-2010)

RESUMEN Introducción: La importancia de las canciones como prácticas discursivas para el acceso a las descripciones de los trastornos mentales en poblaciones específicas ha sido sugerida previamente. El presente estudio busca ampliar la literatura existente en torno a las ideas sobre la locura en la música popular, superando la mera descripción de usos y sentidos, para enfocarnos en los temas emergentes y sus interrelaciones en los discursos sobre la locura presentes en el punk español. Material y métodos: Se recurrió al análisis temático como estrategia de investigación cualitativa. Un análisis sistemático en 6 fases fue implementado. Después de revisarlos contenidos presentes en una muestra de 3.653 canciones punk españolas (1981-2010), se realizó el análisis temático de las 163 obras en las que fue posible identificar los términos «loco¼, «locura¼ u otros relacionados. Resultados y discusión: Los principales códigos temáticos identificados son abordados en detalle, destacando aspectos de afirmación identitaria propios de la subcultura expresados mediante la exaltación de la locura como descontrol, desenfreno e impredecibilidad, la asociación con la criminalidad y el consumo de tóxicos, o la oposición ideológica, entre otros. Conclusiones: La relación locura-peligrosidad es una vía final común identificada entre las propuestas que emergen de las canciones analizadas, sugiriendo una explicación posible a las actitudes de la población general hacia «la locura¼, un concepto más amplio y pobremente definido que el de «psicosis¼.

ABSTRACT Introduction: The analysis of songs as discursive practices contributes to the understanding of the social representations of mental disorders in specific populations, as has been suggested in the literature. The aim of this article is to expand the knowledge about the depictions of madness (a broader but less delimited concept than psychosis) in the popular music focussing on emerging themes and their cross relations within the discourses of the madness in Spanish punk. Material and methods: Qualitative research method. After the review of 3,653 songs (1981-2010) insights from the Thematic Analysis of all the 163 identified lyrics of Spanish punk songs with the terms 'mad,' 'madness' or other related words are provided. Results and Discussion: After a thorough discussion of the main themes, the expression of subculture's identity became evident. Its otherness was recognizable on the exaltation of madness as loss of control or unpredictability as well as its links with crime, substance abuse or ideological opposition, among others. Conclusions: The idea of dangerousness linked to 'madness' emerges as a final pathway of different identified themes, suggesting a potential explanation for the general population attitudes towards the theme of madness.

"We are like a goat": the theme of madness in Spanish punk songs (1981-2010). / «Estamos como una cabra¼: un análisis temático de la locura en la música punk española (1981-2010).

INTRODUCTION: The analysis of songs as discursive practices contributes to the understanding of the social representations of mental disorders in specific populations, as has been suggested in the literature. The aim of this article is to expand the knowledge about the depictions of madness (a broader but less delimited concept than psychosis) in the popular music focussing on emerging themes and their cross relations within the discourses of the madness in Spanish punk. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Qualitative research method. After the review of 3,653 songs (1981-2010) insights from the Thematic Analysis of all the 163 identified lyrics of Spanish punk songs with the terms 'mad,' 'madness' or other related words are provided. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: After a thorough discussion of the main themes, the expression of subculture's identity became evident. Its otherness was recognizable on the exaltation of madness as loss of control or unpredictability as well as its links with crime, substance abuse or ideological opposition, among others. CONCLUSIONS: The idea of dangerousness linked to 'madness' emerges as a final pathway of different identified themes, suggesting a potential explanation for the general population attitudes towards the theme of madness.

Visiones y valoraciones subculturales de la locura en España (1981-2010) / Subcultural views and appraisals of madness in Spain (1981-2010)

El concepto de "locura" -más amplio y menos definido que el de "psicosis"- continúa siendo de uso popular, pese a haberse abandonado en medicina por su carga peyorativa. Las manifestaciones culturales y artísticas pueden reflejar las representaciones sociales de la enfermedad mental, a la vez que difundir, amplificar, matizar y/o metabolizar los sentidos circulantes. Atendiendo al estigma y la discriminación como barreras para el acceso a los tratamientos psiquiátricos, el objetivo de este trabajo es la aproximación a las visiones y valoraciones subculturales de la "locura". Para ello, se presentan y discuten los resultados del análisis de contenido de 3.653 canciones punk españolas (1981-2010). Mediante este proceso se pretende delinear un retrato subcultural del "loco" y "la locura". Hipotetizamos que una parte de las visiones estigmatizantes presentes en la población general pueden hallarse contenidas en los discursos lítero-musicales del punk español, aunque con matices valorativos que pueden diferir respecto a la cultura mayoritaria

Although the term 'madness' (a broader but less delimited concept than 'psychosis') has been abandoned in Medicine due to its pejorative connotation, it is still commonly used. The study of the social representations of mental disorders through the analysis of cultural material has previously been argued. In this way, as stigma and discrimination are barriers to psychiatric care, our aim is to identify the subcultural views about the theme of madness and value judgments associated. For this purpose, content analysis of 3,653 Spanish punk songs (1981-2010) was carried out. Through this process, we intended to delineate a subcultural portrait of the theme of madness. We hypothesized that some stigmatizing views of the general population might be present in the lyrical-musical discourses of Spanish punk, although their value dimension might differ from the dominant culture

[Self-management and health: Gandulfo's legacy in the "Sanitary Page" and worker's polyclinic (1923-1942)]. / Experiencias autogestionarias en salud: El legado de Gandulfo en La Hoja Sanitaria y el Policlínico de la Organización Sindical Industrial Workers of the World (1923-1942).

There are many ways to understand self-management. They vary from Government-dependent technical-administrative meanings (i.e. hospital self-management, in the context of health reform in Chile), to those related to efforts to abolish the State. Thus, the "self-management" concept was developed from the very beginning by the anarchist movement as one of its organizational principies. Henee, there is a need to break myths and prejudices about anarchist philosophy seen as a synonym of chaos, and to review its deeply constructive aspects and its highly moral character, hand in hand with genuine self-management in health. In this context, the work of Juan Gandulfo, a physician and anarchist, in the management of the Worker Polyclinic of the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) and its diffusion media "The sanitary page" must be emphasized. The aim of this paper is to review the history of particular initiatives in self management, complementing them with some biographical aspects of Dr. Gandulfo's life.

Experiencias autogestionarias en salud: el legado de Gandulfo en la hoja sanitaria y el policlínico de la organización sindical industrial. Workers of the world (1923-1942) / Self management and health Galdulfo's legacy in the sanitary page and worker's polyclinic (1923-1942)

La Hoja Sanitaria fue la publicación mensual del Comité Sanitario, dependiente de la IWW. Es uno de los pocos rastros que quedan de una iniciativa por la autogestión de la salud en Chile. Cobra relevancia el examen de este periódico para comprender cómo un puñado de hombres se dio a la labor de intentar desterrar arraigados mitos y constituirse en referentes para la educación de los obreros en materia de salud. Sin embargo, no fue tarea fácil; en alguna medida, por el escaso apoyo que encontró en ciertos sectores obreros, ora porque consideraran inútil la labor realizada, ora porque tuvieran la arraigada costumbre de muchos grupos "pseudo-libertarios" de usufructuar de los beneficios sin apoyar económicamente el desarrollo de iniciativas autogestionarias.Respecto al primer punto, el propio Gandulfo declararía: " se ha mirado despectivamente la labor que realiza esta Hoja, por considerarla casi inútil. Profundo error ha sido éste. Tenemos la pretensión de ir formando una fuerza nueva en la organización obrera, ya que cada hombre que tenga conciencia de su derecho al bienestar irá sintiéndose descontento del ambiente en el cual el actual régimen lo mantiene y por consiguiente nacerá en él y se desarrollará la idea y luego la necesidad de romper el actual estado de cosas para reemplazarlo por uno nuevo en que cada individuo viva mejor y sea más libre"

Experiencias autogestionarias en salud: El legado de Gandulfo en La Hoja Sanitaria y el Policlínico de la Organización Sindical Industrial Workers of the World (1923-1942) / Self-Management and health: Gandulfo's legacy in the“Sanitary Page” and worker’s polyclinic

There are many ways to understand self-management. They vary from Government-dependent technical-administrative meanings (i.e. hospital self-management, in the context of health reform in Chile), to those related to efforts to abolish the State. Thus, the "self-management" concept was developed from the very beginning by the anarchist movement as one of its organizational principies. Henee, there is a need to break myths and prejudices about anarchist philosophy seen as a synonym of chaos, and to review its deeply constructive aspects and its highly moral character, hand in hand with genuine self-management in health. In this context, the work of Juan Gandulfo, a physician and anarchist, in the management of the Worker Polyclinic of the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) and its diffusion media "The sanitary page" must be emphasized. The aim of this paper is to review the history of particular initiatives in self management, complementing them with some biographical aspects of Dr. Gandulfo's life.

Hernia inguinal en pediatría y exploración quirúrgica contralateral: consideraciones preliminares para una antigua controversia / Inguinal hernia in children and contralateral exploration: considerations for an ancient controversy

Hasta hace unos años se recomendaba la intervención bilateral de toodos los niños con hernia inguinal unilateral. Sin embargo, se debe reconocer que la cirugía de un conducto sano, no está exente de riesgos y actualmente los estudios parecen demostrar que es necesario evaluar cada paciente en forma individual y considerar la opinión de los padres debidamente informados.

Children underground: análisis de un film desde la perspectiva de la salud mental / Children underground: analysis of a documental film from the perspective of mental health

Este artículo es una reflexión basada en un documental que muestra la vida de niños de la calle en Bucarest, situación similar a la que ocurre en muchas ciudades. Comprendiendo la dinámica social y psicológica que son el trasfondo de esta situación, se podrán diseñar estrategias de prevención y reinserción para que todos los niños tengan acceso a una vida en la que se desarrollen sana y cariñosamente.

Síndrome de déficit atencional e hiperactividad (SDAH): ¿exclusividad de los niños ? / Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder syndrome (ADHD)

El síndrome de déficit atencional es uno de los problemas frecuentes en neuropsiquiatría. Es interesante para los pediatras conocer la evolución de los pacientes a futuro, es decir, cómo se desarrollan y desempeñan en la vida adulta los niños que han padecido este problema. En este artículo se realiza una revisión del déficit atencional del adulto.