[Vaccine-like viruses: peculiarities of circulation in the South America].

The peculiarities of the spread of vaccine-like viruses first revealed more than 50 years ago in the area of the South America was discussed. These viruses cause infective episodes among milk cattle and caretaking personnel. Cancellation of the smallpox vaccination in 1980 resulted in a decrease in the community immunity and increased the risks of human infection. This circumstance makes it necessary to activate monitoring of the properties of the vaccine-like viruses, the circle of hosts and possible changes in the pathogenicity for humans.

[Cowpox: features of spread after cancellation of mandatory pox immunization].

Features of spread of cowpox in the contemporary conditions are examined. A decrease of population immunity to pox in the population of Russia caused by cancellation of pox immunization, hidden circulation of cowpox virus in various species of rodents, as well as lack of vigilance to pathogenic orthopoxviurses in healthcare workers were noted to create the real preconditions for the emergence of infection of humans caused by cowpox virus. Thereby presence of means of express laboratory diagnostics of cowpox and means of effective medical protection for the prevention of development of this disease in the population of Russia becomes an actual necessity.

[Interferon inductor cupping of postvaccinal complications after variolation].

Efficacy of arbidol and ridostin in cupping postvaccinal complications due to variolation was studied by the clinico-virological, hematological and biochemical indices and it was shown that arbidol was efficient in cupping development of dermal complications, lowered the severity of the postvaccinal reaction and stimulated the cellular and humoral immune response. Ridostin, a high molecular interferon inductor, was highly efficient in cupping all the forms of the postvaccinal complications, including the neurological and cutaneous ones.

[The comparative study of the safety of a vaccinal process in both oral and epicutaneous immunization against smallpox]. / Sravnitel'noe izuchenie bezopasnosti vaktsinal'nogo protsessa pri oral'noi i nakozhnoi protivoospennoi immunizatsii.

Results of comparative studies of tableted and epicutaneous live smallpox vaccines are presented. In experiments on rabbits by using histological, immunofluorescent, immunological and virological methods, higher safety and efficiency of the tableted vaccine than that of traditional smallpox epicutaneous vaccine were determined. The natural and physiological character of oral immunization was shown. The oral immunization was concluded to be a safe method of inoculation now and perspective for the use of recombinant vaccines based on vaccine virus in the absence of population immunity against smallpox.

[Experimental study of residual virulence of viral vaccine strains]. / Eksperimental'noe izuchenie ostatochnoi virulentnosti shtammov virusa vaktsiny.

Residual virulence of three vaccinia strains: Neurovaccine, L-IVP, and its recombinant Revacs-B expressing HBs and preS2 antigens of hepatitis B virus is compared. Insertion of HBs and preS2 antigens of hepatitis B virus in the genome of vaccinia virus strain L-IVP decreases its residual virulence and leads to a benign course of vaccinal reaction involving no deaths of rabbits, cotton rats, or guinea pigs. We may expect that recombinant vaccine Revacs B based on L-IVP strain will cause no postvaccinal complications under conditions of an appreciable decrease in population immunity to vaccinia virus.

[Results of controlled tests of an experimental recombinant live vaccine against hepatitis B]. / Rezul'taty kontroliruemykh ispytanii éksperimental'noi rekombinantnoi zhivoi vaktsiny protiv gepatita B.

Experimental recombinant vaccine against hepatitis B Revacc B based on vaccinia virus has been tried. The preparation was weakly reactogenic but did not induce the production of anti-HBasAg antibodies. On the other hand, recombinant vaccine against hepatitis B Engerix B, used in a blind experiment as the agent of comparison, induced the production of anti-HBs in 91% of vaccinees.

[Karyologic study of transplantable cell lines. II. Comparative analysis of lines HEp-2, FL and RH].

A comparative karyologic analysis of three continuous cell lines of different origin (HEp-2, FL and RH) has shown them differing from each other both in the number of chromosomes, and in marker chromosomes. In cultures HEp-2, the modal class consists of cells possessing 58-59 chromosomes, cells in cultures Fl and RH have 60 and 66 chromosomes, resp. Marker chromosomes both similar and not similar, i.e. characteristic of a given cell line only were found in all the investigated cell lines. The data obtained do not exclude a possibility of contamination of studied continuous cell cultires with HeLa cell line.

[Comparative study of 2 transplantable lines of murine L cells]. / Sravnitel'noe issledovanie dvukh perevivaemykh linii myshinykh kletok L.

A continuous line of mouse L cells chronically infected with SV5 paramyxovirus differs from mouse L0 cells free from this virus in the mitotic activity and karyologic features. The LSV5 line is characterized by inhibition of the mitotic activity, a decrease in the number of chromosomes and the presence of the marker chromosome. LSV5 and L0 cell cultures do not differ in the number of pathological mitoses, structural aberrations of chromosomes and the cytomorphological picture. The persisting SV5 virus can be detected in LSV5 line cultures by a number of methods (immunofluorescence, virological methods, etc.).

[Karyological study of the HTR-5 cell line]. / Kariologicheskoe issledovanie kletochnoi linii ChETR-5.

A karyologic study of the human fibroblasts transformed by the SV-40 virus at the level of the 15th subculture shows that this line (HTR-5) consists mainly of cells with a pseudodiploid karyotype. The cells of the investigated line contain marker chromosomes characteristic for this cell culture.

[Several methodologic problems in the control of cell cultures]. / Nekotorye metodicheskie voprosy kontrolia kletochnykh kul'tur

Some human and animal continuous cell lines as well as primary cell cultures were examined by karyological, electron microscopial, virological and molecular biological methods and also by the electrophoretic motility of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDG) in polyacrylamide gel. All human and animal continuous cell lines were shown to contain mycoplasma, 17-to contain intracytoplasmic particles of type A oncornaviruses, 5 -- type B oncornaviruses similar to Mason-Pfizer virus, 8 -- paramyxoviruses, 2 --oncornaviruses type C. A high molecular RNA with sedimentation constant 64--70 S was found in oncornaviruses isolated from cell cultures. Intracellular virus or subviral structures were detected by association of the reverse transcriptase activity with high molecular RNA. The presence in the cell cultures of marker chromosomes of HeLa cells, the absence in these cultures of Y chromosomes, the presence of the G-6-PDG enzyme with type A motility indicate the possibility of contamination of human continuous cell lines with HeLa cells.

[Transformational activity of the oncornaviruses isolated from RH and Hep-2 cell lines]. / O transformiruiushchei aktivnosti onkornavirusov, vydelennykh iz kletochnykh linii RH i Hep-2.

Oncornaviruses isolated from transplantable cell cultures Hep-2 and RH were used for inoculating primary tripsinized cell cultures of human foetal kidney (HFK) and human embryonic fibroblasts (HEF). In all 15 cases no transformation of HEF cells was noted. In inoculation of HFK with oncornaviruses isolated from RH cell culture in 2 of 16 cases there were obtained transformed cell cultures: HFK+VRH and HFK+VRH Mc) occurred twice as fast. The transformed cell cultures have gone through 15-23 passages and were characterized by a high mitotic activity, production of oncornaviruses, type A and B, and absence of contact inhibition, a capacity for multistratum three-dimensional growth, the modal number of chromosomes 64 and a mixed type AB of electrophoretic mobility of glucoso-6-phosphate dehydrogenase.